distracted driver in active school zones
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Distracted Drivers in Active School Zones:
A National Study
Follow schedule
Vision and lighting
Traffic congestion and hazards
Noise and vibration
Road and lane configuration
Bus maintenance issues
Climate control
Communication with dispatch
Constrained driving position
Supervise passengers
Passenger information
John Inglish, General Manger, Utah Transit Authority
Are you distracted right now???
The correct answer is
:
But….
did you notice the Moonwalking Monkey?
“Ok you got me but, I wasn’t ready… you can’t fool me again because I’m really going to pay
attention now…”
ok let’s see…
“Stop it with all these optical illusions…”
Those videos were not optical illusions!
This is an optical illusion:
How many legs does this elephant have?
So an optical illusion is defined as a perception of something different than it actually exists
Often times it doesn’t correspond to physical reality.
By the way, the word illusion comes from the Latin verb illudere meaning, "to mock."
Inattentional blindness, not being able to see things that are actually there.
Change blindness: when a person viewing a visual scene apparently fails to detect large changes in the scene.
So how does…
Optical illusions Inattention Blindness
Change Blindness
…relate to distracted driving?
Distracted crash – Alexandria, VA
12’ 4” Warning10’ 2” Clearance
Slide by Bruce Magladry, Director, Office of Highway Safety, National Transportation Safety Board
New Issue or Old?
Cell Phones and Driving. AAA Foundation
Driver Distraction is Not New,but Temptation has Increased
Common Factor in Driver Distraction is the Driver!
Distraction Sources in 2009• Driving and non-driving
• Built-in, carried-in, and outside the vehicle
• Passengers—attractions and distractions
• Role of person behind the wheel: driver or mother, boyfriend, diner, worker...
Slide by Dr. J. D. Lee, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Why All the Attention Now?
People spending more time in cars
complexity of “old” technologies
Explosion in cell phone use
Fear of new technology
New technologies
Hot media topic
Cell Phones and Driving. AAA Foundation
So what does driver distraction look like:
Visual – Eyes off the road
Manual- Hands off the wheel
Cognitive – Mind off the road
Distraction types
Visual ManualCognitive
Concept by Dr. J. D. Lee, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison
All dist
ractions
are not created
equalRadio
CV
M
Reaching
C
V
M
Texting
C
V
M
Hands Free Phone
C
VM
Concept by Dr. J. D. Lee, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Slide by Dr. Tom Dingus, Director, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute
Slide by Dr. Tom Dingus, Director, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute
Do you know how many deaths and injuries occurred due to distracted
drivers in 2008?
5,87
0
Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS)
515,
000
NHTSA’s General Estimates System (GES)
Study Objectives….
• To determine prevalence of distracted drivers passing through active school zones
• To determine if sign messaging is an effective intervention method
• To advance knowledge in this subject matter
Distracted Drivers in active school zones: A national report. Jurek Grabowski & Stephanie Goodman. Safe Kids Worldwide 2009.
Study protocol-The Basics
• Middle school evaluation
• Stand roadside 6 times, 3 in the morning 3 in the afternoon both during active school zone hours
• Collect data noting driver behavior
• Enter data from form into excel database
• Email the database and mail the forms to SKW
19 per 1,000 drivers
44 per 1,000 drivers
98Per 1000 Vehicles
Overall Distracted Driver Rate
170 per 1,000 vehicles
Females
Males
Male FemaleElectronics* 87 109
Eating… 44 45Reaching 18 21
Grooming* 6 13Reading 3 3
Moring vs. Afternoon School Zones
154 vs.188per 1,000 Drivers
Signs vs. No Signs
162 vs. 179 per 1000 drivers
Traffic VolumeDense vs. Sparse
184 vs. 159
Car Drivers Vs. SUV Drivers
162 vs. 178 Distracted Drivers Per 1,000 Drivers
Commercial Vs. Private Vehicles
173 vs. 170 Distracted Drivers
per 1000 vehicles
Handheld Laws (all ages)= 154Laws Prohibiting Teens= 164 No laws= 177
Seat Belts
157
No Seat belts
212
No Passengers= 180 Distracted Drivers per 1,000 Vehicles
1+ Passengers= 152 Distracted Drivers per 1,000 Vehicles
Time of active school zone
Morning (6:45-9:45am) 164 (157, 171) 143 (137, 150) 154 (149, 159)Afternoon (1:15-5:00pm) 212 (204, 220) 164 (157, 172) 188 (182, 193)
School zone signs/flashers
Present 176 (169, 183) 148 (141, 155) 162 (157, 167)Not present 198 (191, 206) 160 (153, 167) 179 (174, 184)
Traffic volume (cars per day)
?10,000 174 (167, 182) 142 (135, 150) 159 (153, 164)>10,000 203 (195, 211) 166 (159, 174) 184 (179, 190)
Speed limit decrease in active school zone
Yes 196 (189, 203) 162 (155, 168) 179 (175, 184)No 171 (162, 179) 141 (133, 149) 156 (150, 162)
Type of vehicle
Car 180 (173, 187) 138 (131, 146) 162 (158, 168)Pickup/SUV/Minivan 195 (187, 204) 162 (154, 169) 178 (172, 183)
Vehicle classification
Private 187 (181, 192) 151 (145, 156) 170 (166, 173)Commercial 144 (104, 197) 176 (160, 194) 173 (158, 190)
State restrictions
Hand held law (all ages) 176 (156, 198) 140 (123, 159) 157 (143, 171)Law prohibits teens/permit holders from using devices 182 (175, 191) 144 (137, 152) 164 (159, 170)
No state law 191 (184, 199) 163 (156, 170) 177 (172, 182)
Driver seatbelt
Yes 172 (167, 178) 140 (134, 145) 157 (153, 161)No 240 (222, 258) 193 (179, 207) 212 (202, 224)
Number of passengers
0 200 (192, 208) 162 (155, 169) 180 (175, 185)?1 163 (155, 171) 140 (133, 148) 152 (147, 158)
Distracted rate per 1,000 cars (95% CI)Female Male
Table 2. Characteristics of distracted drivers in active school zones, academic year 2008-2009
Total
Create a departmental
policy
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