dkelly protein sythesis

Protein Synthesis

By, Devin Kelly

NUCLEUS

CYTOPLASM

NUCLEUS

CYTOPLASM

NUCLEUS

CYTOPLASM

NUCLEUS

CYTOPLASM

NUCLEUS

~~~~~TACTCTGGCATCACT~~~~~

~~~~~ATGAGACCGTAGTGA~~~~~

~~~~~TACTCTGGCATCACT~~~~~

~~~~~ATGAGACCGTAGTGA~~~~~RNA Polymerase

PromoterRegion

~~~~~TACTCTGGCATCACT~~~~~

~~~~~ATGAGACCGTAGTGA~~~~~RNA Polymerase

Coding Region

~~~~~TACTCTGGCATCACT~~~~~

~~~~~ATGAGACCGTAGTGA~~~~~RNA Polymerase

~~~~~TACTCTGGCATCACT~~~~~

~~~~~ATGAGACCGTAGTGA~~~~~RNA Polymerase

~~~~~TACTCTGGCATCACT~~~~~

~~~~~ATGAGACCGTAGTGA~~~~~RNA Polymerase

~~~~~TACTCTGGCATCACT~~~~~

~~~~~ATGAGACCGTAGTGA~~~~~RNA Polymerase

~~~~~TACTCTGGCATCACT~~~~~

~~~~~ATGAGACCGTAGTGA~~~~~RNA Polymerase

AUG

~~~~~TACTCTGGCATCACT~~~~~

~~~~~ATGAGACCGTAGTGA~~~~~RNA Polymerase

AUGG

~~~~~TACTCTGGCATCACT~~~~~

~~~~~ATGAGACCGTAGTGA~~~~~RNA Polymerase

AUGGC

~~~~~TACTCTGGCATCACT~~~~~

~~~~~ATGAGACCGTAGTGA~~~~~RNA Polymerase

AUGGCC

~~~~~TACTCTGGCATCACT~~~~~

~~~~~ATGAGACCGTAGTGA~~~~~RNA Polymerase

AUGGCCG

~~~~~TACTCTGGCATCACT~~~~~

~~~~~ATGAGACCGTAGTGA~~~~~RNA Polymerase

AUGGCCGG

~~~~~TACTCTGGCATCACT~~~~~

~~~~~ATGAGACCGTAGTGA~~~~~RNA Polymerase

AUGGCCGGG

~~~~~TACTCTGGCATCACT~~~~~

~~~~~ATGAGACCGTAGTGA~~~~~RNA Polymerase

AUGGCCGGGU

~~~~~TACTCTGGCATCACT~~~~~

~~~~~ATGAGACCGTAGTGA~~~~~RNA Polymerase

AUGGCCGGGUA

~~~~~TACTCTGGCATCACT~~~~~

~~~~~ATGAGACCGTAGTGA~~~~~RNA Polymerase

AUGGCCGGGUAU

TerminationSequence

~~~~~TACTCTGGCATCACT~~~~~

~~~~~ATGAGACCGTAGTGA~~~~~RNA Polymerase

AUGGCCGGGUAUU

~~~~~TACTCTGGCATCACT~~~~~

~~~~~ATGAGACCGTAGTGA~~~~~RNA Polymerase

AUGGCCGGGUAUUA

~~~~~TACTCTGGCATCACT~~~~~

~~~~~ATGAGACCGTAGTGA~~~~~RNA Polymerase

AUGGCCGGGUAUUAG

~~~~~TACTCTGGCATCACT~~~~~

~~~~~ATGAGACCGTAGTGA~~~~~RNA Polymerase

AUGGCCGGGUAUUAG

~~~~~TACTCTGGCATCACT~~~~~

~~~~~ATGAGACCGTAGTGA~~~~~

AUGGCCGGGUAUUAG

~~~~~TACTCTGGCATCACT~~~~~

~~~~~ATGAGACCGTAGTGA~~~~~

AUGGCCGGGUAUUAG

~~~~~TACTCTGGCATCACT~~~~~

~~~~~ATGAGACCGTAGTGA~~~~~

AUGGCCGGGUAUUAG

~~~~~TACTCTGGCATCACT~~~~~

~~~~~ATGAGACCGTAGTGA~~~~~

AUGGCCGGGUAUUAG

~~~~~TACTCTGGCATCACT~~~~~

~~~~~ATGAGACCGTAGTGA~~~~~

AUGGCCGGGUAUUAG

~~~~~TACTCTGGCATCACT~~~~~

~~~~~ATGAGACCGTAGTGA~~~~~

AUGGCCGGGUAUUAG

~~~~~TACTCTGGCATCACT~~~~~

~~~~~ATGAGACCGTAGTGA~~~~~

Nucleus

Ribosomes

Nuclear Pore

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Ribosomes

Nuclear Pore

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Ribosomes

Nuclear Pore

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Ribosomes

Nuclear Pore

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Ribosomes

Nuclear Pore

Cytoplasm

A

U CG G C G G G

U A

U

U A G

Start Codon Codon Codon CodonStop Codon

mRNA

strand

A

U CG G C G G G

U A

U

U A G

tRNA

Ribosome

Small Subunit

Large Subunit

A

U CG G C G G G

U A

U

U A G

U A C

Anti-codon

Amino Acid

A

U CG G C G G G

U A

U

U A G

U A C

A

U CG G C G G G

U A

U

U A G

U A C C G G

A

U CG G C G G G

U A

U

U A G

U A C

C G GPeptide Bond

A

U CG G C G G G

U A

U

U A G

C G G C C C

A

U CG G C G G G

U A

U

U A G

C G G

C C C

A

U CG G C G G G

U A

U

U A G

C C C AA

U

A

U CG G C G G G

U A

U

U A G

C C C

AA

U

A

U CG G C G G G

U A

U

U A G

AA

U

STOP

A

U CG G C G G G

U A

U

U A G

AA

U

A

U CG G C G G G

U A

U

U A G

A

U CG G C G G G

U A

U

U A G

A

U CG G C G G G

U A

U

U A G

A

U CG G C G G G

U A

U

U A G

A

U CG G C G G G

U A

U

U A G

A

U CG G C G G G

U A

U

U A G

A

U CG G C G G G

U A

U

U A G

Tertiary Structure

Protein Synthesis SummaryProtein synthesis begins with a two stranded DNA

molecule. At the beginning of this process a gene is transcribed into a mRNA strand. This transcription process starts at the promoter region. An enzyme comes in called RNA polymerase, and it separates the DNA molecule. Eventually RNA polymerase gets to the termination sequence, this is when the enzyme is told to STOP. At this point, the mRNA strand is completed and is functional. Now it is small enough to leave the Nucleus (through the Nuclear Pore) and go to a ribosome. Once the mRNA strand enters the ribosome, tRNA molecules begin to come in. They carry an amino acid and an anti-codon. The first amino acid that is brought in by tRNA is always methionine. After the tRNA molecule does this it goes away, leaving the amino acid it brought behind. As this process goes on the tRNA molecules continue to come in and then leave while the amino acid gets left behind.

Protein Synthesis Summary Continued

Each amino acid gets connected to the next one brought in by the tRNA molecule. These amino acids get connected by a peptide bond. So these tRNA molecules continue to come until one of the three different stop codons is encountered. At this point a polypeptide bond is created. This chain of amino acids then floats off to become a protein. The chain begins to coil up until it forms a tertiary structure. Once the tertiary structure is formed than this is the end of protein synthesis.