donald clark: 7 fails in e-learning (7 solutions)

7 FAILS in e-learning(7 solutions)

Donald Clark

1) Everything that’s already in the world when

you’re born is just normal;

2) Anything that gets invented between then and before

you turn thirty is incredibly exciting and creative and

with any luck you can make a career out of it

3) Anything invented after you’re thirty is against the natural order of things and the beginning of the

end of civilisation as we know it until it’s been around for about ten years when it gradually turns out to be

alright really.

More pedagogic change in 10 years than last 1000 years

Moodle 2001iTunes 2001Facebook 2003Linkedin 2003Flickr 2004Youtube 2005Twitter 2006Google docs 2007Dropbox 2007Evernote 2008Google + 2011

FAIL 1 (BEFORE)Blended learning actually blended teaching

What is blended learning?

‘Blended learning seems to mean, some e-learning and some classroom. It is in vogue for a simple reason. No one wants to spend that much on e-learning and people want to preserve what they have, so they have made up this nice new name for not changing much and calling it blended learning’

ROGER SCHANK

Spending paradox

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Spend Learning

FormalInformal

Blended Learning beyond the course

• Blend of learning and knowledge management

• Blend of work and learning• Blend of formal and informal• Learning habitats

FAIL 2 (BEFORE)Too much synchronous

Asynchronous delivery should be DEFAULT

Recording talks/lectures5 Diploma coursesAdvantages noted by students :1. Lecture went too fast2. Review lecture3. Revision for exams4. Clarified difficult handwriting5. English was student’s second language6. Avoid writing notes (focus on lecture)7. See lecture after missing it through illness

Watched 13 hours a week on averageCompletely revolutionising the traditional teaching & learning model "One year of ICTP diploma courses on-line using the automated EyA recording system" - Computers & Education 53 (2009) 183-188. http://sdu.ictp.it/eya/about.html

University of Eindhoven

Recording can IMPROVE a bad talk/lecture

Find thingsSearch effectively with GoogleSearch the Social Web with other toolsUseful sources on the Social Web

Keep up to dateMonitor new stuff web contentRead industry, analyst & practitioner blogsSubscribe to blog/web feeds with an RSS reader

Build a trusted networkFacebookLinkedInTwitterYammerOther online communities

Communicate effectivelyGmail webmail SkypeGroup chat

Social media & LEARNINGShare resources & ideasShare your calendarShare filesShare weblinksShare photos, videos and screencastsShare presentationsShare ideas and experiences by bloggingShare ideas and experiences by podcasting

Collaborate effectivelyWork collaboratively on a documentCollaborate on ad hoc documents in real-timeCreate a collaborative resource using a wikiSet up a group space

Productivity gainsUse a good web browserUse a personal online dashboardUse other personal productivity toolsUse other team productivity tools

FAIL 3 (during)

Ditch ‘learning styles’

Learning StylesProfessor Frank Coffield Learning Styles - LSDA research“bedlam of contradictory claims”“71 theories” “most dismissed outright”“serious deficiencies”“over-simplify, label and stereotype”“worse than bad - downright dangerous”Professor Greenfield (Oxford)“no independent evidence" "nonsense" “waste of valuable time”

FAIL 4 (during)

Wrong media mix

Semantic Episodic Procedural

Long-term memory

Media rich is not always mind rich

POLIC THEORY

Video can be harmful to learning!How lightening works?

Learners who did NOT see video did 30% betterMayer (2001)

Learning:• Review last 30 secs• X2 button – halves learning time• Note taking (20/30% increase in

retention)• Avoids visual distraction• Imagination – deep processing• Recorded lectures?

Practical:• easy to produce• easy to distribute• huge storage• cheap devices

Podcasts

Abdul Chohan(Essa Academy)

37% to 99% (5+A*-C) 3 years

FAIL 5 (during)Reassess assessment

Adaptive formative assessment

FAIL 6 (after)

Evaluation: Kill Kirkpatrick

•

Donald Kirkpatrick

1959

Behaviourist

•

Hi James!

Kirkpatrick model?

Level 1 (Reaction) Level 2 (Learning)Level 3 (Behaviour)Level 4 (Results)

The evaluation paradox

Why Kill Kirkpatrick?

No theoretical basis – not scientific4 linear levels too muchNarrow-minded behaviourismToo summativeIgnores methods of deliveryStatistically stupid

Level 1 – Just keep them happy!

Sample bias – bored, with pensHappy but stupidLearning may be toughWastes valuable timeInappropriate for informalToo late - damage is done

Level 1 – Just keep them happy!Sitzmann, T., Brown, K. G., Casper, W. J., Ely, K., & Zimmerman, R. (2008). A review and meta-analysis of the nomological network of trainee reactions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 280-295.

Sitzmann, T., Ely, K., Brown, K. G., & Bauer, K. N. (in press). Self-assessment of knowledge: An affective or cognitive learning measure? Academy of Management Learning and Education.

Traci SitzmannMeta-studies68,245 trainees354 research reports

Do satisfied students learn more thandissatisfied students?NO

Are self-assessments of knowledge accurate?

NO

39

Level 2 – Quick test

Pre & Post testTests too primitiveTests too narrowShort-term memoryIgnores spaced practiceInappropriate for informal

We forget……………………

Level 3 – Just do it!

Fear Disinterest Difficult Disruptive Time consumingExpensiveStatistics/maths

Level 4 - Impact

YES, YES, YES

........but how?

Rewards for a favourable evaluationreport greatly outweigh rewards forproducing an unfavourable report

Evaluation is all about

DECISIONS

Should you evaluate at all?

“Kirkpatrick asks all the wrong questions. Learning is not an auditable commodity” Stephen Kerr, CLO GE

FAIL 7 (after)

Retention: Use mobile

Small screens substantially REDUCE:• Emotional impact• Psychological attention • Retention

Nass and Reeves Stanford University

Lesson:Be careful with CONTENT delivery

Average session on mobile

= 7 seconds (falling)

Voice call down to 2 mins & falling

Txting overtaken voice

Set times/frequency of the spaced practice on setup, to fit personal or organisational need:• Exam• Start date of job/task• Launch of IT system• Specific event• Shift pattern

7 FAILS in e-learning (7 solutions)Blended LEARNINGASYNCH as default

Media MIXDitch ‘learning styles’Reassess assessment

Kill ‘Kirkpatrick’Mobile for REINFORCEMENT

•

Emaildonald.clark@hotmail.co.uk

Bloghttp://donaldclarkplanb.blogspot.com/

Twitter@donaldclark

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7 hidden rules of technology1. Technology is about SCALE2. Technology has PREVIOUS TECHNOLOGIES3. Technology is HARDWARE+SOFTWARE4. Technology has ALLURE5. Technology produces NOSTALGIA6. Technology locks in PRACTICE7. Technology is UNPREDICTABLE