drugs of abuse by dr. taghreed a. ibrahim associate professor of pharmacognosy faculty of pharmacy-...

Drugs of AbuseBy

Dr. Taghreed A. Ibrahim

Associate Professor of PharmacognosyFaculty of Pharmacy- King saud University

What is drug abuse?

The use, usually by self-administration of The use, usually by self-administration of any drug in a manner that deviates from any drug in a manner that deviates from the approved medical or social patterns the approved medical or social patterns within a given culturewithin a given culture

• CNS effect.CNS effect.

• Alter the mood.Alter the mood.

• Control the mind and the behavior.Control the mind and the behavior.

• Cause addiction.Cause addiction.

• Withdrawal symptoms.Withdrawal symptoms.

What is AddictionWhat is Addiction

A drug is addicting if it causes compulsive, A drug is addicting if it causes compulsive, often uncontrollable drug craving, often uncontrollable drug craving, seeking and use, even in the face of seeking and use, even in the face of negative health and social consequences.negative health and social consequences.

Classification

• CNS DEPRESSANTS

• CNS STIMULANTS

• HALLUCINOGENS

• MIND ALTERING DRUGS

• PEFORMANCE ENHANCING DRUGS

CNS DEPRESSANTSCNS DEPRESSANTS – – Drugs that Drugs that depress the overall functioning of the depress the overall functioning of the Central Nervous System (CNS) to Central Nervous System (CNS) to induce sedation, muscle relaxation, induce sedation, muscle relaxation, and drowsinessand drowsiness..

CNS DEPRESSANTSCNS DEPRESSANTS – – Drugs that Drugs that depress the overall functioning of the depress the overall functioning of the Central Nervous System (CNS) to Central Nervous System (CNS) to induce sedation, muscle relaxation, induce sedation, muscle relaxation, and drowsinessand drowsiness..

Barbiturates are prescription sedatives or Barbiturates are prescription sedatives or tranquilizers.tranquilizers.

Barbiturates are prescribed to treat:Barbiturates are prescribed to treat: AnxietyAnxiety Depression Depression EpilepsyEpilepsy InsomniaInsomnia Other Drug WithdrawalOther Drug Withdrawal

BARBITURATESBARBITURATESBARBITURATESBARBITURATES

BARBITURATESBARBITURATESBARBITURATESBARBITURATES

•Barbiturates are most often consumed to Barbiturates are most often consumed to get “high”.get “high”.

•Barbiturates can cause:Barbiturates can cause:

SleepinessSleepiness Nausea/DizzinessNausea/Dizziness Impaired SensesImpaired Senses Lack of MotivationLack of Motivation Loss of Sexual DriveLoss of Sexual Drive

Irregular MenstruationIrregular Menstruation

VertigoVertigo

ComaComa

DeathDeath

KETAMINEKETAMINEKETAMINEKETAMINE

Ketamine, or ketamine hydrochloride, is a Central Ketamine, or ketamine hydrochloride, is a Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressant.Nervous System (CNS) Depressant.

Ketamine is used primarily as an anesthetic in Ketamine is used primarily as an anesthetic in veterinary medicine, but is also sometimes used with veterinary medicine, but is also sometimes used with small children and the elderly.small children and the elderly.

Ketamine can be found as a clear white liquid or as a Ketamine can be found as a clear white liquid or as a white powder.white powder.

KETAMINEKETAMINEKETAMINEKETAMINE

Ketamine can be ingested several different ways:Ketamine can be ingested several different ways:

InjectedInjected SnortedSnorted SmokedSmoked Orally – In a pill or Orally – In a pill or liquid formliquid form

KETAMINE SIDE EFFECTSKETAMINE SIDE EFFECTSKETAMINE SIDE EFFECTSKETAMINE SIDE EFFECTS

StrokeStroke

Chronic DepressionChronic Depression

““K-HoleK-Hole”” – Slang for the near- – Slang for the near-death or out-of-body experience death or out-of-body experience that Ketamine causes.that Ketamine causes. Muscle RigidityMuscle Rigidity

High Blood PressureHigh Blood Pressure

Respiratory DistressRespiratory Distress

ParalysisParalysis

Heart AttackHeart Attack

DeathDeath

OPIATESOPIATESOPIATESOPIATES

Opiates are drugs that are derived from the Poppy Opiates are drugs that are derived from the Poppy Plant and are Central Nervous System (CNS) Plant and are Central Nervous System (CNS) depressants.depressants.

The most common opiates are:The most common opiates are:OpiumOpiumHeroinHeroinMorphineMorphineCodeineCodeine

HOW ARE OPIATES CONSUMED?HOW ARE OPIATES CONSUMED?HOW ARE OPIATES CONSUMED?HOW ARE OPIATES CONSUMED?

SnortedSnorted – Because of – Because of the high potency of the high potency of heroin today, more heroin today, more and more users are and more users are snorting the drug.snorting the drug.

InjectedInjected – – Injecting opiates, Injecting opiates, specifically heroin, is still the specifically heroin, is still the choice ingestion method. choice ingestion method. Many addicts choose to inject Many addicts choose to inject the drug because of the quick the drug because of the quick and powerful onset of the and powerful onset of the effects. Users can inject the effects. Users can inject the drug directly into the blood drug directly into the blood stream or the muscle tissue.stream or the muscle tissue.

SmokedSmoked – The method of – The method of choice for opium is choice for opium is smoking the tar like smoking the tar like substance. Other opiates substance. Other opiates are often smoked on top are often smoked on top of marijuana. This is of marijuana. This is known as known as “snow capping”.“snow capping”.

EatenEaten – All opiates can be – All opiates can be consumed orally. consumed orally.

OPIATES SIDE EFFECTSOPIATES SIDE EFFECTSOPIATES SIDE EFFECTSOPIATES SIDE EFFECTS

Nausea/VomitingNausea/Vomiting

ConstipationConstipation

Itchy SkinItchy Skin

SleepinessSleepiness

Loss of Sex DriveLoss of Sex Drive

Altered Mental ProcessAltered Mental Process Absence of StressAbsence of Stress

Overdose/DeathOverdose/Death Impaired VisionImpaired Vision

Collapsed VeinsCollapsed Veins

Menstrual IrregularitiesMenstrual Irregularities

Liver DamageLiver Damage

Kidney DamageKidney Damage

Lung DamageLung Damage

Brain DamageBrain Damage

Immune System Immune System DamageDamage

OXYCONTINOXYCONTINOXYCONTINOXYCONTIN

Oxycontin is a synthetic opium derivative that is Oxycontin is a synthetic opium derivative that is available by prescription.available by prescription.

Oxycontin is an extremely potent pain killer that Oxycontin is an extremely potent pain killer that comes in time release tablets that last for up to comes in time release tablets that last for up to twelve hours.twelve hours.

Oxycontin is prescribed to cancer patients and Oxycontin is prescribed to cancer patients and chronic pain suffers to help in managing pain.chronic pain suffers to help in managing pain.

OXYCONTINOXYCONTINOXYCONTINOXYCONTIN

Oxycontin has some serious side effects :Oxycontin has some serious side effects :

SeizuresSeizures

Muscle Weakness/AchesMuscle Weakness/Aches

FeverFever

Nausea/VomitingNausea/Vomiting Breathing DifficultiesBreathing Difficulties

Chest painsChest pains

ROHYPNOLROHYPNOLROHYPNOLROHYPNOL

Rohypnol (chemical name – fluritzrazepam) is a Rohypnol (chemical name – fluritzrazepam) is a CNS CNS Depressant that is more than ten times as strong as Depressant that is more than ten times as strong as Valium.Valium. Rohypnol belongs to the benzodiazepines family, Rohypnol belongs to the benzodiazepines family, which also includes drugs such as Valium, Librium, which also includes drugs such as Valium, Librium, and and Xanax.Xanax.

Rohypnol is almost always ingested orally in either Rohypnol is almost always ingested orally in either the the pill form or dissolved in a beverage, but is pill form or dissolved in a beverage, but is sometimes sometimes ground up and snorted.ground up and snorted.

ROHYPNOLROHYPNOLROHYPNOLROHYPNOL

AmnesiaAmnesia

Aggressive BehaviorAggressive Behavior

Slurred SpeechSlurred Speech Dizziness/NauseaDizziness/Nausea

Blackouts (can last 8-24 Blackouts (can last 8-24 hours)hours)

Respiratory DistressRespiratory Distress

Overdose/ DeathOverdose/ Death

There are several side effects associated with Rohypnol There are several side effects associated with Rohypnol use:use:

Clandestine productionClandestine production

CNS STIMULANTSCNS STIMULANTS – – Drugs that Drugs that increase the chemical and electrical increase the chemical and electrical activity of the Central Nervous System activity of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and make the user more alert, (CNS) and make the user more alert, active, anxious, restless and, in general, active, anxious, restless and, in general, more stimulated than normal.more stimulated than normal.

CNS STIMULANTSCNS STIMULANTS – – Drugs that Drugs that increase the chemical and electrical increase the chemical and electrical activity of the Central Nervous System activity of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and make the user more alert, (CNS) and make the user more alert, active, anxious, restless and, in general, active, anxious, restless and, in general, more stimulated than normal.more stimulated than normal.

Amphetamines are generally a white or off-Amphetamines are generally a white or off-white powder that can be ingested orally, white powder that can be ingested orally, snorted, or injected.snorted, or injected.

The side effects of amphetamine abuse can The side effects of amphetamine abuse can include:include:

AMPHETAMINESAMPHETAMINESAMPHETAMINESAMPHETAMINES

Dizziness/NauseaDizziness/Nausea Irregular HeartbeatIrregular Heartbeat Chronic AnxietyChronic Anxiety

Decreased AppetiteDecreased Appetite Loss of CoordinationLoss of Coordination Brain DamageBrain Damage

Coma/DeathComa/Death Chronic PsychosisChronic Psychosis Body TremorsBody Tremors

Amphetamines are powerful stimulants that increase Amphetamines are powerful stimulants that increase activity in the Central Nervous System (CNS), or activity in the Central Nervous System (CNS), or speed speed up the way the human body works.up the way the human body works.

Amphetamines are drugs that induce false feelings of Amphetamines are drugs that induce false feelings of power, strength, self-assertion and enhanced power, strength, self-assertion and enhanced motivation.motivation.

AMPHETAMINESAMPHETAMINESAMPHETAMINESAMPHETAMINES

METHAMPHETAMINEMETHAMPHETAMINEMETHAMPHETAMINEMETHAMPHETAMINE

Methamphetamine is a powerful, synthetic Central Nervous Methamphetamine is a powerful, synthetic Central Nervous System (CNS) Stimulant.System (CNS) Stimulant.

Methamphetamine is generally a white or off-white powder Methamphetamine is generally a white or off-white powder that can be ingested several different ways:that can be ingested several different ways:Orally – In a pill formOrally – In a pill formSnorted – This can cause severe damage to the interior and Snorted – This can cause severe damage to the interior and

exterior of the nose.exterior of the nose.Intravenously - The methamphetamine can be injected into Intravenously - The methamphetamine can be injected into

either the blood stream or the muscle tissueeither the blood stream or the muscle tissueSmoked – Methamphetamine is sometimes smoked by itself Smoked – Methamphetamine is sometimes smoked by itself

or on top of marijuana.or on top of marijuana.

METHAMPHETAMINEMETHAMPHETAMINEMETHAMPHETAMINEMETHAMPHETAMINE

The side effects of methamphetamine are so serious that The side effects of methamphetamine are so serious that they can effect the abuser for the rest of their life:they can effect the abuser for the rest of their life:

Anxiety/Panic AttacksAnxiety/Panic Attacks

Chronic DepressionChronic Depression

Kidney DisordersKidney Disorders

Lung DisordersLung Disorders

Immune System DamageImmune System Damage

Birth DefectsBirth Defects

Severe Psychological Severe Psychological ProblemsProblems

StrokeStroke

DeathDeath

Physical Effects of Drug Use

Same user of Methamphetamines 5 years later

1990 1995

Infection from IV drug use

COCAINECOCAINECOCAINECOCAINE

Cocaine is a bitter, white, odorless, crystalline Cocaine is a bitter, white, odorless, crystalline drug.drug.

Cocaine is extracted and refined from the Coca Cocaine is extracted and refined from the Coca Plant, which is grown primarily in the Andean Plant, which is grown primarily in the Andean region of South America.region of South America.

COCAINECOCAINECOCAINECOCAINE

The side effects of cocaine use can be extremely The side effects of cocaine use can be extremely dangerous:dangerous:

OnsetOnset DurationDuration

SnortedSnorted 1 minute 20-40 Minutes

InjectedInjected 1-5 Seconds 15-20 Minutes

SmokedSmoked Immediate 5-15 Minutes

Dilated PupilsDilated Pupils PsychosisPsychosis SeizuresSeizures Increased Heart RateIncreased Heart Rate Fear/ParanoiaFear/Paranoia StrokesStrokes

Nausea/VomitingNausea/Vomiting Kidney FailureKidney Failure Overdose/DeathOverdose/Death

The level and length of the effects depend on The level and length of the effects depend on how the drug was induced.how the drug was induced.

HALLUCINOGENSHALLUCINOGENS – – Drugs that Drugs that cause intensified sensations, mixed-up cause intensified sensations, mixed-up sensations (visual input becomes sensations (visual input becomes sound), illusions, delusions, sound), illusions, delusions, hallucinations, stimulation, and hallucinations, stimulation, and impaired judgment and reasoning.impaired judgment and reasoning.

HALLUCINOGENSHALLUCINOGENS – – Drugs that Drugs that cause intensified sensations, mixed-up cause intensified sensations, mixed-up sensations (visual input becomes sensations (visual input becomes sound), illusions, delusions, sound), illusions, delusions, hallucinations, stimulation, and hallucinations, stimulation, and impaired judgment and reasoning.impaired judgment and reasoning.

LSDLSDLSDLSD

LSD is hallucinogenic chemical that is LSD is hallucinogenic chemical that is derived from a derived from a parasitic fungus that grows on parasitic fungus that grows on rye. rye.

LSD is produced as a crystal, then dissolved LSD is produced as a crystal, then dissolved in alcohol in alcohol prior to sale and consumption.prior to sale and consumption.

LSD users describe their experience with the LSD users describe their experience with the drug as drug as a “trip”.a “trip”.

LSD has become known as: LSD has become known as:

AcidAcid TripsTrips HitsHits BlotterBlotter

HOW IS LSD CONSUMED?HOW IS LSD CONSUMED? HOW IS LSD CONSUMED?HOW IS LSD CONSUMED?

LSD is generally LSD is generally taken orally, either as taken orally, either as a pill, a piece of a pill, a piece of blotter paper (as seen blotter paper (as seen on right), or via liquid on right), or via liquid dripped onto a sugar dripped onto a sugar cube. LSD can also cube. LSD can also be absorbed through be absorbed through the users skin.the users skin.

LSD SIDE EFFECTSLSD SIDE EFFECTSLSD SIDE EFFECTSLSD SIDE EFFECTS

Physical side effects of LSD includePhysical side effects of LSD include::

Dilated PupilsDilated Pupils Extreme SweatingExtreme Sweating Loss of AppetiteLoss of Appetite

Body TremorsBody Tremors NauseaNausea SeizuresSeizures

Most psychological side effects are due to severe Most psychological side effects are due to severe changes to the users perception, thought, and moodchanges to the users perception, thought, and mood::

Vivid HallucinationsVivid Hallucinations

Loss of Depth Loss of Depth PerceptionPerception

Feelings of fear and Feelings of fear and anxiety – “BAD TRIPS”anxiety – “BAD TRIPS”

Fusion of Senses (i.e. Seeing Fusion of Senses (i.e. Seeing Music and Hearing Colors) Music and Hearing Colors)

Distorted Perception of Distorted Perception of TimeTime

True HallucinationsTrue Hallucinations

MUSHROOMSMUSHROOMSMUSHROOMSMUSHROOMS

Mushrooms that contain Mushrooms that contain PSILOCYBINPSILOCYBIN are known as are known as ‘magic mushrooms’ as they contain hallucinogenic ‘magic mushrooms’ as they contain hallucinogenic

properties.properties.

Mushrooms can be consumed in a variety of manners:Mushrooms can be consumed in a variety of manners:EatenEaten – Either raw or cooked, much like – Either raw or cooked, much like non-hallucinogenic non-hallucinogenic

mushrooms.mushrooms.DrankDrank – Heated with water to make a – Heated with water to make a tea tea or soup.or soup.SmokedSmoked – The mushroom is ground into – The mushroom is ground into a fine powder and often a fine powder and often

smoked on top of smoked on top of marijuana.marijuana.

MUSHROOMSMUSHROOMSMUSHROOMSMUSHROOMS

The side effects of Mushrooms vary greatly depending upon the The side effects of Mushrooms vary greatly depending upon the strength and purity of the fungus:strength and purity of the fungus:

Nausea/VomitingNausea/Vomiting

Stomach PainsStomach Pains

FlashbacksFlashbacks

Anxiety/Panic AttacksAnxiety/Panic Attacks

Impaired JudgmentImpaired Judgment DiarrheaDiarrhea

Mental DisordersMental Disorders

Increased Heart RateIncreased Heart Rate

PCPPCPPCPPCP

PCP is classified as a hallucinogen or drug that PCP is classified as a hallucinogen or drug that separates perception from separates perception from sensation.sensation.

PCP comes in several forms:PCP comes in several forms: Crystalline PowderCrystalline Powder Colored PowderColored Powder Diluted in WaterDiluted in Water PillsPills CapsulesCapsules

PCPPCPPCPPCP

PCP can be ingested several ways:PCP can be ingested several ways: Orally – In liquid or pill form.Orally – In liquid or pill form. SmokedSmoked SnortedSnorted InjectedInjected

PCP has been known to be usedPCP has been known to be used in combination with other substances:in combination with other substances:

LSD – “Super Tripping”LSD – “Super Tripping” Marijuana – “Killer Weed” or “Boat”Marijuana – “Killer Weed” or “Boat” Tobacco – “Sherms”, usually with menthol cigarettes to Tobacco – “Sherms”, usually with menthol cigarettes to

sooth the burning of the hot PCP smoke.sooth the burning of the hot PCP smoke. Mint/Parsley – “Green”Mint/Parsley – “Green”

The side effects of PCP use can cause serious long The side effects of PCP use can cause serious long term damage to the human body:term damage to the human body:

PCP SIDE EFFECTSPCP SIDE EFFECTSPCP SIDE EFFECTSPCP SIDE EFFECTS

Irregular Heart RateIrregular Heart Rate

Nausea/VomitingNausea/Vomiting

Loss of ReflexesLoss of Reflexes

Kidney FailureKidney Failure

Brain HemorrhagingBrain Hemorrhaging

ComaComa

DeathDeath

Chronic PsychosisChronic Psychosis

SchizophreniaSchizophrenia

MIND ALTERING DRUGSMIND ALTERING DRUGS – – Drugs Drugs that cannot be classified into any that cannot be classified into any single category. Mind altering drugs single category. Mind altering drugs can contain CNS depressant, CNS can contain CNS depressant, CNS stimulant, and/or hallucinogenic stimulant, and/or hallucinogenic properties.properties.

MIND ALTERING DRUGSMIND ALTERING DRUGS – – Drugs Drugs that cannot be classified into any that cannot be classified into any single category. Mind altering drugs single category. Mind altering drugs can contain CNS depressant, CNS can contain CNS depressant, CNS stimulant, and/or hallucinogenic stimulant, and/or hallucinogenic properties.properties.

THCTHCTHCTHC

THC (Marijuana) is the MOST ABUSED illicit drug in THC (Marijuana) is the MOST ABUSED illicit drug in the United States and is considered to be a the United States and is considered to be a “Gateway “Gateway

Drug”. Drug”. Delta 9 - Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the active Delta 9 - Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the active

ingredient that causes the “high”.ingredient that causes the “high”. THC is psychologically addictive - abuse and addiction THC is psychologically addictive - abuse and addiction

is frequently denied.is frequently denied. Marijuana is a psychoactive or mind Marijuana is a psychoactive or mind altering drug.altering drug.

Psychoactive drugs can produce a mind state similar to Psychoactive drugs can produce a mind state similar to psychosis.psychosis.

PsychosisPsychosis - A major mental disorder in which the - A major mental disorder in which the personality is verypersonality is very seriously disorganized. seriously disorganized.

MarijuanaMarijuana - Made from the leaves and flowering tops of - Made from the leaves and flowering tops of the hemp plant.the hemp plant.

Hash/HashishHash/Hashish - Concentrated form of marijuana by - Concentrated form of marijuana by compressing marijuana resins into small blocks.compressing marijuana resins into small blocks.

Hash OilHash Oil - Made by soaking marijuana in a chemical - Made by soaking marijuana in a chemical solvent (such as rubbing alcohol) and then evaporating solvent (such as rubbing alcohol) and then evaporating the solvent to obtain an oil the solvent to obtain an oil concentrate.concentrate.

MarijuanaMarijuana - Made from the leaves and flowering tops of - Made from the leaves and flowering tops of the hemp plant.the hemp plant.

Hash/HashishHash/Hashish - Concentrated form of marijuana by - Concentrated form of marijuana by compressing marijuana resins into small blocks.compressing marijuana resins into small blocks.

Hash OilHash Oil - Made by soaking marijuana in a chemical - Made by soaking marijuana in a chemical solvent (such as rubbing alcohol) and then evaporating solvent (such as rubbing alcohol) and then evaporating the solvent to obtain an oil the solvent to obtain an oil concentrate.concentrate.

THC (THREE BASIC FORMS)THC (THREE BASIC FORMS)THC (THREE BASIC FORMS)THC (THREE BASIC FORMS)

THCTHCTHCTHC

THC is associated with many side effects:THC is associated with many side effects:

Short Term Short Term Memory LossMemory Loss

Dry Mouth/ThroatDry Mouth/Throat

SleepinessSleepiness

Increased Heart RateIncreased Heart Rate

ParanoiaParanoia

HallucinationsHallucinations

Panic AttacksPanic Attacks

PsychosisPsychosis

BronchitisBronchitis

Lung CancerLung Cancer

Brain DamageBrain Damage

INHALANTSINHALANTSINHALANTSINHALANTS

Inhalants are breathable chemical vapors that produce Inhalants are breathable chemical vapors that produce mind altering effects.mind altering effects.

Inhalants are often abused because they are readily Inhalants are often abused because they are readily available, inexpensive, and can be found almost available, inexpensive, and can be found almost anywhere.anywhere. There are three different types of inhalants:There are three different types of inhalants:

SolventsSolvents

GasesGases

NitritesNitrites

HOW ARE INHALANTS INGESTED?HOW ARE INHALANTS INGESTED?HOW ARE INHALANTS INGESTED?HOW ARE INHALANTS INGESTED?

¥ Inhalants are ingested into the body by Inhalants are ingested into the body by breathing in the vapors of the product. Several breathing in the vapors of the product. Several methods of inhalation are used by abusers:methods of inhalation are used by abusers:

Use of a BagUse of a Bag – The bag is filled with the – The bag is filled with the fumes and the user breathes air from the bag. fumes and the user breathes air from the bag. Sometimes users will put their entire head into Sometimes users will put their entire head into the bag.the bag.

Use of a RagUse of a Rag – The rag is soaked in the – The rag is soaked in the product and the user presses the rag over product and the user presses the rag over his/her mouth and nose.his/her mouth and nose.

Pressurized ContainersPressurized Containers – Some abusers will – Some abusers will inhale the product directly from the container.inhale the product directly from the container.

INHALANTSINHALANTSINHALANTSINHALANTS

Many of the products that are abused are everyday Many of the products that are abused are everyday household items: household items:

Glue/Rubber CementGlue/Rubber Cement

White-outWhite-out

Aerosols/Hair SprayAerosols/Hair Spray Room OdorizersRoom Odorizers

Gasoline/PropaneGasoline/Propane

Toxic MarkersToxic Markers

Use of inhalants can cause serious long term Use of inhalants can cause serious long term damage to the human body:damage to the human body:

Sight/Vision DisordersSight/Vision Disorders Bone Marrow DamageBone Marrow Damage

Liver DamageLiver Damage Brain DamageBrain Damage

Paralysis/DeathParalysis/Death Kidney DamageKidney Damage

PEFORMANCE ENHANCING PEFORMANCE ENHANCING DRUGSDRUGS – – Energy producing drugs Energy producing drugs that are thought to possess various that are thought to possess various capabilities to boost an athlete’s capabilities to boost an athlete’s performance by giving them a performance by giving them a competitive edge.competitive edge.

PEFORMANCE ENHANCING PEFORMANCE ENHANCING DRUGSDRUGS – – Energy producing drugs Energy producing drugs that are thought to possess various that are thought to possess various capabilities to boost an athlete’s capabilities to boost an athlete’s performance by giving them a performance by giving them a competitive edge.competitive edge.

ANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STEROIDSANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STEROIDSANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STEROIDSANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STEROIDS

Anabolic Steroids are synthetic drugs that Anabolic Steroids are synthetic drugs that relate to the male sex hormones, or relate to the male sex hormones, or

androgens.androgens.

Anabolic-androgenic Steroids are more Anabolic-androgenic Steroids are more commonly known as “Anabolic Steroids”.commonly known as “Anabolic Steroids”.

ANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STEROIDSANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STEROIDSANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STEROIDSANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STEROIDS

Anabolic Steroids Affect the Human Body Anabolic Steroids Affect the Human Body in Two Major Areas:in Two Major Areas:

1) The anabolic effects of the 1) The anabolic effects of the drugs promote the growth of drugs promote the growth of

skeletal muscle.skeletal muscle.

2) The androgenic effects of the 2) The androgenic effects of the drugs drugs promote the development of promote the development of male male sexual characteristics.sexual characteristics.

Anabolic Steroids Affect the Human Body Anabolic Steroids Affect the Human Body in Two Major Areas:in Two Major Areas:

1) The anabolic effects of the 1) The anabolic effects of the drugs promote the growth of drugs promote the growth of

skeletal muscle.skeletal muscle.

2) The androgenic effects of the 2) The androgenic effects of the drugs drugs promote the development of promote the development of male male sexual characteristics.sexual characteristics.

HOW ARE THEY TAKEN?HOW ARE THEY TAKEN? HOW ARE THEY TAKEN?HOW ARE THEY TAKEN?

Anabolic Steroids can be ingested in Anabolic Steroids can be ingested in a variety of ways:a variety of ways:

1)1) Orally – In a pill or liquid form.Orally – In a pill or liquid form.2)2) Intravenously – Injected with the use of a Intravenously – Injected with the use of a

hypodermic needle.hypodermic needle.3)3) Rubbed onto the skin with the steroid in a Rubbed onto the skin with the steroid in a

gel or cream form.gel or cream form.***Some steroid users mix different types and ***Some steroid users mix different types and

amounts of these drugs to increase the amounts of these drugs to increase the effects. This is call “effects. This is call “StackingStacking”.”.

STEROIDS SIDE EFFECTSSTEROIDS SIDE EFFECTSSTEROIDS SIDE EFFECTSSTEROIDS SIDE EFFECTS

Liver CancerLiver Cancer

BaldnessBaldness

““Raid RageRaid Rage” – An over ” – An over aggressive, and sometimes aggressive, and sometimes homicidal, attitude associated homicidal, attitude associated with steroid use.with steroid use.

Brain DamageBrain Damage

SterilitySterility

Blood ClottingBlood Clotting

High Blood PressureHigh Blood Pressure

HepatitisHepatitis

Eye InfectionsEye Infections

Kidney DiseaseKidney Disease

Chronic DepressionChronic Depression

Loss of MemoryLoss of Memory

Loss of InterestLoss of Interest

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

اإلنسان يتعاطى لماذاالمخدر

المراهق يعيشها التي المادية الوفرةاألسرية ةمصحوب الرقابة .بضعف

القيمي و العقائدي التكوين ضعف

في األسرة دور تعيق التي األسرية المشكالتسليمة . تنشئة تنشئتهم و أبنائها تربية

و للمخدرات المتعاطية النماذج محاكاةاالجتماعي . و العائلي المحيط في الموجودة

المخدرات مكافحة وسائل

اإلعالمية • .التوعيةاالعتبار • بعين مأخوذ للتوعية خاصة برامج إعداد

و لألفراد االجتماعية الخصائص و التعليمي المستوى.ألعمارهم

تتعلق : • معلومات إدخال من البد الدراسية المناهجإلدمان االقتصادية و االجتماعية و الصحية باألضرار

المخدرات .

بصورة • الفراغ أوقات الستثمار الصالحة األماكن توفيرالشباب تستوعب التي الرياضية النوادي مثل .صحية

تدفق • من للحد الرادعة التشريعات و القوانين إصدارالسموم . هذه

المخدرات مكافحة وسائل

•. سليمة دينية تنشئة األبناء بتنشئة االهتمامالشباب • لدى اإلنسانية القيم .غرسالمباشر • غير والتوجيه الواعية المراقبة

لألبناء.

.( عالج ( قنطار من أفضل وقاية درهم