e commarce assignment
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Prospects of E-Commerce in Bangladesh
http://www.american.edu/carmel/ap1579a/ecom.htm -
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N.M.Sanwarul Islam(Id No. # 200630647)
Md. Mizanur Rahman(Id No. # 200630624)
Md. Nurun Nai !Id No. # 200630480)
MB"# $%th
BatchSchool of Business
"sian &ni'ersit( of Bangladesh !"&B)
Mr. Md. "nwarul IslamB"!*ons.)# M" in English# MB"
+acult( Memer# School of Business"sian &ni'ersit( of Bangladesh
Date of submission: 2nd
December 2006.
2ndDecember, 2006
Uttara Campus, U!
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%r. %d. n&aru' Is'am
B" !*ons.)# M" in English# MB"Part-time +acult( MemerSchool of Business# "&B.
,ear Sir# he report of Prospects of E-Commerce in Bangladesh/# prepare thisreport I rowse http011www.american.edu1carmel1ap2345a1ecom.htm sitesand collect necessar( information.
In this report# gathered what elie'e to e the most complete informationa'ailale. ,uring the process of preparation due to 'arious constraints there
ma( e some mista6es. *owe'er# I apologize for all those and e7pecting (our6ind consideration in this regard.
I sincerel( hope# this report will gi'e (ou principles idea and o'er allinformation of the Prospects of E-Commerce in Bangladesh. I trul(appreciate this assignment. Should (ou need an( assistance in interpretingm( report# Please inform me. I will tr( to m( est effort.
Sincerel(
N.M.Sanwarul Islam !Id No. 8 $99:;9:
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Regarding the outcome of this pro=ect# I would li6e to this opportunit( ofe7press m( gratitude and respect to m( teacher Mr. Md. "nwarul Islam#School of Business# "&B for his guidance# ad'ice# encouragement and e'er(possile help.
N.M.Sanwarul Islam (Id No. # 200630647).
Md. Mizanur Rahman(Id No. # 200630624).
Md. Nurun Nai (Id No. # 200630480).
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S>. No. Contents Page No.
2. E7ecuti'e Summar( 2
$. Introduction$
;. ,efinition of E-commerce a6hs Internet users in the
countr(. So# there is a 'ast chance for the e7pansion of e-commerce in Bangladesh.
E means Internet and commerce means usiness. Ahen we will rea6 e-commerce
into e and usiness# the definition is clear. E simpl( means an(thing done 'ia the
Internet and usiness means usiness. In this regard# electronic commerce is the
process of doing usiness electronicall( or o'er the Internet) It in'ol'es the
automation of a 'ariet( of usiness-to-usiness and usiness to consumer
transactions through reliale and secure connections.
E-commerce can e defined as mar6eting# u(ing# selling and supporting goods and
ser'ice ( using Ae ased technologies# which allow the commerce though
electronic media. Recentl(# the definition of e-commerce has roadened to
encompass usiness conducted o'er the Internet and includes indi'iduals and
companies not pre'iousl( 6nown to each other.
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E-commerce encompasses the entire online process of de'eloping# mar6eting#
selling# deli'ering# ser'icing and pa(ing for products and ser'ices purchased (
Internet wor6ed# gloal 'irtual communities of customers# with the support of a
worldwide networ6 of usiness partners. Electronic commerce s(stems rel( on the
resources of the Internet# intranet# e7tranet and other computer networ6s to
support e'er( step of this process# i "ccording to Ba=a= and Nag# DE-commerce
refers to the paperless e7change of usiness information using E,I# Electronics
mail# Electronic mail# Electronic Bulletin# Boards# Electronic +und ransfer and
other networ6-ased technologies. It is not onl( automates manual processes and
paper transactions# ut also helps organizations mo'e to a full( electronic
en'ironment and change the wa( the( operateD. +or the concrete conception aout
e-commerce the following definition can e put here.
E-commerce is aout doing usiness electronicall( and encompasses man( di'erse
acti'ities oth in the usiness-to-usiness mar6et and in the usiness-to consumes
mar6et. "cti'ities include electronic trading of goods and ser'ice# online deli'er( of
digital content electronic fund transfer# electronic share trading# commercial
auction# collaorati'e design and engineering online sourcing# pulic procurement#
direct consumer mar6eting and after- sales ser'ice. It in'ol'es oth products !e.g.
consumer goods) and ser'ices !e.g. information ser'ices# financial and legal
ser'icesD.
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+inall( it can e conclude ( sa(ing that e-commerce is the preeminent uzzword of
the online usiness re'olution. It captures the e7citement and focus of this fast
emerging mar6et. But it is more than a slogan or gli part( line. "t its core it
emodies a concept for doing usiness online.
E-commerce is the use of electronic networ6s to e7change information# products
ser'ices and pa(ments for commercial and communication purposes etween users
!consumers) and usiness# usiness themsel'es# indi'iduals themsel'es# within
go'ernment or etween citizens and go'ernment# and usiness and go'ernment. his
encompasses man( 6inds of acti'ities and is not restricted to purchasing goods and
ser'ices electronicall(. here are two different modes of operation for electronic
commerce# online and offline. ?nline sales s(stems chec6 the authenticit( of the
transaction at the time sale. ?ffline transactions on the other hand do not re@uire
a contact to an6 in order to ma6e sure that the seller recei'es the amount of
mone( promised. Most s(stems are constructed with online methods that re@uire all
merchants to e connected to the networ6. ?ffline s(stems rel( on either
tamperproof intelligent cards that the users carr( with them or account numers
that are gi'en at the time of sale. "ccount numer ased methods accomplish
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catching illicit use ( trac6ing sales after the( happen. Ma=or t(pes of e-commerce
in which products and ser'ices can e sold are0
!us-nessto!us-ness1
he usiness-to-usiness 6ind of e-commerce refers to a compan( selling or u(ing
from other companies. It in'ol'es oth wholesale purchasing and electronic data
interchange in etween the usinessman and usiness partners. In B$B# the parties
are Drusted Business PartnersD who ha'e an estalished wor6ing relationship. "s
per the consent and understanding etween the to companies# the( can mutuall( do
the usiness o'er Internets. B$B ha a significant impact on cost
associated with in'entories# sales e7ecution# procurement and distriution.
!us-nesstoconsumer1
he usiness-to-customer 6ind of e-commerce refers to a compan( selling its
products or to the customers using the Internet as the communication medium and
pa(ment is done through Internet echnolog(. his is what most people thin6 e-
commerce is aout. Aithout the merchant ha'ing to suffer pulic emarrassment#
it gi'es the customer what he wants and the price he wants. he transaction will
not e dela(ed and the sales are done immediatel(. No @uestion of middlemen will
e in'ol'ed in this sort of usiness. Aith B$B e-commerce# the retailer is often
selling to un6nown# un-trusted strangers therefore# e7tra effort must e made to
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capture customer and pa(ment information. Besides these# there are another two
t(pes of electronic commerce as follows0
2. Consumer-to-Consumer0
It has also emerged that allows un6nown# un-trusted parties to sell goods and
ser'ices to one-another. E7amples of consumer-to-consumer e-commerce are
auction sites. If a person wants something to sale# than he can get it listed at an
auction site# and others can id for it.
$. o'ernment and e-commerce0
o'ernment can use this 6ind of technolog( for the transmission or receipt of
information !$# $C) to impro'e the con'enience and lower the con'enience and
lower the cost of pa(ment s(stems and ta7 compliance !C$)# and ( usiness to
manage after sales ser'ice and to de'elop direct consumer mar6eting. o'ernment
can also ser'ice and to de'elop direct consumer mar6eting. o'ernment can also use
e-commerce ( issues certificates and licenses# dri'ing licenses renewal# income ta7
return# ill pa(ments etc.
+'ectron-c "ament /stem1
Electronic pa(ment s(stem is li6e the Electronic +und ransfer !E+) which is
defined as an( transfer of funds initiated through an electronic terminal#
telephonic instrument# or computer or magnetic tape so as order# instruct# or
authorize a financial institution to deit or credit an account. E+ utilizes
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computer F telecommunication components oth to suppl( F to transfer mone( or
financial assets. ransfer is information ased F intangile. hus E+ stands in
mar6ed contrast to con'entional mone( F pa(ment modes that rel( on ph(sical
deli'er( of cash or chec6s ( truc6# train# or airplane. Aor6 on E+ can e segment
into three road categories0
. !an-n and $-nanc-a' paments
a) >arge-scale or wholesale pa(ments !e.g.#an6-to-an6 transfer)
) Small-scale or retail pa(ments !e.g.# automated teller machines F cash
dispensers)
c) *ome an6ing !e.g.# ill pa(ment)
2. eta-'-n paments
a) Credit cards
) Pri'ate lael credit1 deit cards !e.g.#=.c. Penne( Card)
c) Charge cards !e.g.# "merican E7press)
3. n'-ne e'ectron-c commerce paments
a) o6en-ased pa(ment s(stems
Electronic cash Electronic chec6s
Smart cards or deit cards
) Credit card-ased pa(ment s(stem
Encr(pted credit cards
hird-part( authorization numers
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Bank Digital Currency Server
Electronic check
Electronic ch$c6s are another form of electronic to6ens. In the model u(ers must
register with a third-part( account ser'er efore the( are ale to write electronic
chec6s. he account ser'er also acts as a illing ser'ice. he registration
procedure can 'ar( depending on the particular account ser'er and ma( re@uire a
credit card or a an6 account to ac6 the chec6s. ?nce registered# a u(er can
then contact sellers of goods and ser'ices.
o complete a transaction# the u(er sends a chec6 to the seller for a certain
amount of mone(. hese chec6s ma( e sent using e-mail or other transport
methods. Ahen deposited# the chec6 authorizes the transfer of account alances
from the account against which the chec6 was drawn to the account to which the
chec6 was deposited.
Payer
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Payee
i
Bank
Accounting Server
/mart card
Smart cards are credit and deit cards and other card products enhanced with
microprocessors capale of holding more information than the traditional magnetic
stripe. he smart card technolog( is widel( used in countries such as +rance#
erman(# Hapan# and Singapore to pa( for pulic phone calls# transportation# and
shopper lo(alt( programs. Smart cards are asicall( of two t(pes0
i. Relationship-ased smart credit cards0 " relationship-ased smart card is an
enhancement of e7isting card ser'ices and1or the addition of new ser'ices that a
financial institution deli'ers to its customers 'ia a chip-ased card or other de'ice.
hese new ser'ices ma( include
a) "ccess to multiple accounts# such as deit# credit# in'estments or stored 'alue
for e-cash# on one card or an electronic de'ice.
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) " 'ariet( of functions# such as cash access# ill pa(ment# alance in@uir( or funds
transfer for selected accounts.
c) Multiple access options at multiple locations using multiple de'ice t(pes# such as
an automated teller machine# a screen phone# a personal computer# a personal digital
assistant !P,")# or interacti'e s.
ii. Electronic purses and deit card. Electronic purses# which replace mone(# are
also 6nown as deit cards and electronic mone(. It is a wallet-sized smart cards
emedded with programmale microchips that store sums of mone( for people to
use instead of cash for e'er(thing from u(ing food# to ma6ing photocopies# to
pa(ing suwa( fares. he electronic purse wor6s in the following manner.
a) he 'ending machine need onl( 'erif( that a card is authentic and there is
enough
mone( a'ailale.
) he 'alue of the purchase is deducted from the alance on the card and added
to an
e-cash o7 in the 'ending machine.
c) he remaining alance on the card is displa(ed ( the 'ending machine or can e
chec6ed at
an "M or with a alance-reading de'ice.
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C+DI* CD/
i. Encr(pted credit cards
Encr(ption is instantiated when credit card information is entered into a rowser
or other electronic commerce de'ice and sent securel( o'er the net wor6 from
u(er to seller as an encr(pted message. o ma6e a credit card transaction trul(
secure# the following se@uence of steps must occur efore actual goods# ser'ices#
or funds flow0
" customer presents his or her credit card information !along with an authenticit(
signature or other information such as mothers maiden name) securel( to the
merchant.
a) he merchant 'alidates the customers identit( as the owner of the credit card
account.
) he merchant rela(s the credit card charge information and signature to its
an6 or
?n-line credit card processors.
c) he an6 or processing part( rela(s the information to the customers an6 for
authorization appro'al.
d) he customers an6 returns the credit card data# charge authentication# and
authorization to the merchant.
*5-rdpart aut5or-at-on
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In third-part( processing# consumers register with a third part( on the Internet to
'erif( electronic micro transactions. +our interrelated components are wor6ing in
the pa(ment s(stem0 credit cards# an6s# processing agents# and the internet. "n
on line third part( processor !?PP) has created a si7-step process0
Step 2. he consumer ac@uires an ?PP account numer ( filling out a
registration form.
his will gi'e the ?PP a customer information profile that is ac6ed ( a
traditional financial instrument such as a credit card.
Step $. Re@uest for purchase item ( @uoting the ?PP account numer. he
purchase can ta6e place in one of two wa(s0 he consumer can automaticall(
authorize the DmerchantD 'ia rowser settings to access her ?PP account and ill
her# or she can t(pe in the account information.
Step ;. he merchant contacts the ?PP pa(ment ser'er with the customersaccount numer.
Step
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Step :. If the ?PP pa(ment ser'er gets a Jes from the customer# the merchant
is informed and the customer is allowed to purchase.
actors to be cons-dered -n des-n-n e'ectron-c pament sstems
here are se'eral factors that should e addressed efore an( new pa(ment
method can e successful
"r-ac1" user e7pects to trust in a secure s(stem =ust as the telephone is a safe
and pri'ate medium free of wiretaps and hac6ers# electronic communication must
merit e@ual trust.
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/ecur-t1 " secure s(stem 'erifies the identit( of two-part( transactions through
Duser authenticationD and reser'es fle7iilit( to restrict information1ser'ices
through access control.
Intu-t-e -nter$aces1he pa(ment interface must e as eas( to use as a telephone.
Database -nterat-on1 he challenge efore an6s is to tie these dataases
together and to allow customerGs access to an( of them while 6eeping the data up-
to-date and error free.
!roers1 " Dnetwor6 an6erD to ro6er goods and ser'ices# settle conflicts# and
facilitate financial transactions electronicall(.
"r-c-n1?ne fundamental issue is how to price pa(ment s(stem ser'ices.
/tandards1 Aithout standards# the welding of different pa(ment users into
different networ6s and different s(stems is impossile.
!an-n on t5e eb1
hough there are $% an6s in Bangladesh# mostl( head @uartered in ,ha6a # onl( a
select few ha'e we pages. >isted elow are the names of the few that do ha'e
sites. *owe'er# most of these an6s do not offer online or electronic ser'ice such
as ,irect ,eposit. here are some "M machines# though not nearl( as
concentrated as in the &nited States.
rab !an'ades5 !an 9td.
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he first pri'ate an6 of Bangladesh with a long standing e7perience in domestic
and international an6ing. Its 3; ranches in all the ma=or commercial centers of
the countr( and 23$ correspondents worldwide pro'ide proficient an6ing ser'ices
to its customers.
/tandard C5artered !an
Aorldwide an6# with some ser'ices a'ailale for customers li'ing in Bangladesh0
Current "ccounts# ?'erdrafts# +oreign Currenc( erm ,eposits# >ocal Currenc(
Cash Chec6s# Chec6 Purchase# ,rafts# Sa'ings "ccounts# erm ,eposits#
elegraphic ransfers# ra'elers Chec6s# and Personal >oans.
Nat-ona' !an 9td
his is the go'ernmentall( run an6. It had a site ut it was ta6en off due to non
pa(ment of we de'elopment ill.
:ote's
*otels that allow for internet oo6ing are worldwide chains# thus the whole
transaction occurs outside of Bangladesh# despite the fact that the ser'ice will e
performed in Bangladesh.
"t Pacific *otel# susid( of Pan Pacific and person can ma6e reser'ations through a
secure ser'er that is protected ( an independentl( certified Secure Certificate.
http://www.american.edu/carmel/ap1579a/references.html#ecomhttp://www.american.edu/carmel/ap1579a/references.html#ecomhttp://www.american.edu/carmel/ap1579a/references.html#ecomhttp://www.american.edu/carmel/ap1579a/references.html#ecom -
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So that a rowser can 'erif( such certificates# the rowser contains details within
its preferences of the 'arious Certif(ing "uthorities. hese details are 6nown as
Root Certificates and for securit( the( all ha'e e7pired dates. he hotels
Certif(ing "uthorit( is hawte Certification# whose Root Certificate in Netscape ;
e7pired on $4 Hul( 255%. In order for Netscape ; to connect to the hotels secure
ser'er !and the estimated $9K of all secure ser'ers using hawte certificates)# a
user needs to go through a Drollo'erD process outlined
at www.thawte.com1certs1ser'er1rollo'er.html.
Ahen the procedure is complete# the user can then return to the Pan Pacific
reser'ation page.
In the earl( da(s of the Internet# organizations le'eraged the eas(-to-use
graphical point-and clic6 interface of the we rowser to access the enormous
!ac()round and /tatus o$ +0Commerce -n !an)'ades51
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amount of information a'ailale on the Internet# Ahile this was happening on the
technolog( side# one also witnessed corporations grappling with new issues-that of
escalating gloal competition# shrin6ing margins demanding customers and a rapidl(
changing usiness en'ironment. "ll these were forcing companies to
re e'aluate the wa( the( did usiness# the t(pes of products and ser'ices offered
and the speed with which the( must ma6e these a'ailale to customers.
herefore# in order to find a new competiti'e edge# companies were forced to loo6
at newer wa(s of differentiating themsel'es. he( soon realized that (
strengthening their lin6s with customers# partners# suppliers and distriutors in a
seamless networ6ed en'ironment# the( could @uic6l( ring to mar6et the precise
products and ser'ices the customer demands and# etter still# when the( wand it. It
is here that Internet !E-commerce) has come to represent the ultimate deli'erance
mechanism of the era. he origin of the Internet has een traced to an
e7perimental networ6s estalished first in 25:3 with funding from the "d'anced
Research Pro=ect "genc( of the &S ,epartment of ,efense !,o,)# to enale the
scientists engaged on ,o, pro=ects to communicate with one another. he National
Science +oundation !NS+) too6 o'er the academic communit( networ6 pro=ect in
the mid-25%9s and created NS+net in 25%4. In 2552# a set of small commercial
networ6s created the Commercial Internet E7change !C>E) or commercial use.
Commercial collaoration# technical support ( e-mail# pa(-for-use dataases# which
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were foridden on the NS+net ecame possile on CIL# and ga'e a ig oost to the
growth of the Net.
"ccording to the Computer Industr(# "lmanac Report from No'emer 2555# there
were 34.3 Internet users per 2999 people on a worldwide a'erage22.
In Septemer 255%# Hohn antz# senior 'ice president at I,C !International ,ata
Corporation# +ramingham# M".) "nnounced that the 'olume of Internet commerce
would approach one trillion dollars ( $99$. It is also felt that %9 percent of that
'olume is usiness-to-usiness transactions with e7pectations of that growing to
5$ percent ( $99;2$. B( $99;# International ,ata estimates that 235 million
people new connected online worldwide will ha'e mushroomed to 329 million.
his communit( is made up of usual mi7 of surfers and legitimate suitcases.
Regardless of the pro=ection one cane ma6e# the realit( is that a significant
increase of Internet commerce acti'it( is e7pected within ne7t two or three (ears.
he growth of the Internet has resulted in critical wars etween consumers and
firms that are engaged in commercial acti'it( as part of gloal online mar6etplace.
If we want to 6now the status of e-commerce in Bangladesh# we must ha'e to 6now
the status of the telecommunication s(stem as well as the I infrastructure. he
Internet has een launched in Bangladesh in 255:.
he numer of Internet users is increasing da( ( da(. In Bangladesh# first
computer was installed in ,ha6a Branch of "tomic Energ( Commission of our part
of the then Pa6istan in 25:
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!B&E) installed its first computer =ust after the independence. ?n Hune :# 255:
on-line Internet ser'ice was first introduced in Bangladesh. Since the financial
(ear 255%-55# computer and its accessories ha'e een 6ept outside all t(pes of
duties and ta7es. "t the eginning of $999# pri'ate sector entrepreneur were
allowed to act as S" !er( small "perture erminal) operator. "fter the
withdrawal of go'ernment control on S"# now the Internet is eing used at much
low cost !6. 9.
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are getting Internet facilities# +ollowings are the arriers of e-commerce in
Bangladesh0
er( minimum numer of users of we sites
Poor telecommunication infrastructure with limited fi7ed-line access# unreliale
connecti'it( and low andwidth !5)
*igh price of computer and hardware the per capital income of our people is
less than &S;99. But in order to u( a computer it is needed &S399 and for
this reason#
it is e(ond the capacit( for a 'illager to u( it. O >ac6 of technicall( efficient
personnel O >ac6 of technicall( efficient personnel
he an6ing infrastructure in terms of electronic pa(ments cards and 'er( few
companies accept credit card pa(ments. "s Such the customers of 3449
ranches of the local an6s are unale to operate their account with the other
ranches of the same an6. Inter an6 transaction is more cumersome as the
clearing-house of the central an6 is not online. "n inter-Ban6 transaction ma(
ta6e e'en $ wee6s if the ranches are different cities. ?nl( $4 ranches of the
eight foreign an6s are interconnected with their respecti'e head officers.
he( are also satisfactoril( computerized. his represents onl(
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>imitations of supporti'e legal s(stem. Such as# e7change controls# protection of
telecommunication monopolies# restricti'e trade practices and prohiitions
"sence of c(er law
Peoples mindset and 'er( slow and e7pensi'e Internet ser'ices O Enterprise
managers lac6 of initiati'e and leadership in ta6ing ad'antage of commerce
Bureaucratic comple7ities and
>ac6 of awareness at go'ernment le'el of e-commerce issues. ,ue to these
prolems# not sufficient on-line users are a'ailale until the clu of Internet
users in the countr( reaches a critical mass# c(er an6ing and thus commerce
is unli6el( to ta6e of among customers.
In the Second Ministerial Meeting of the Aorld rade ?rganization !A?)# E-
Commerce was identified as an area of dut( free access# which would continue until
a decision is ta6en other wise. he increasing use of internet and other electronic
means in international trade in goods
and ser'ices led A? memers# at the ene'a Ministerial Conference !held in
Ma(#255%) to adopt a ,eclaration on loal Electronic Commerce directing the
eneral Council to estalish a comprehensi'e wor6 programmed to e7amine all
trade-related issues relating to gloal electronic commerce. In accordance with
this mandate# wor6 on e7amining whether an( modification or impro'ement are
%u't-'atera' ru'es and -mpact on de.e'opment o$ +0Commerce1
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necessar( in the rules on trade in goods# trade in ser'ices and in the area of
intellectual propert( is going on in the rele'ant A? forums. In addition# the
eneral Council has as6ed the Committee on rade and ,e'elopment to e7amine#
inter alia# the effects of
E-Commerce on the trade of de'eloping countries and particularl( that of small and
medium-sized enterprises in these countries# and the means of ma7imizing their
enefits. he eneral Council is to sumit its report on the wor6 done along with
recommendations for action. " decision was also ta6en to produce a progress
report on E-Commerce with recommendations for action in the hird Ministerial
Meeting of A?. "s a founding memer of the A?# Bangladesh has got to put
the domestic front in order to reap the enefits from E-Commerce including
enactment of c(er laws# de'elopment of infrastructure# oth ph(sical and
institutional# and dut(-free e7port of software electronicall(.
Bangladesh is a countr( of 'illagers. "ll the priorit( regarding the de'elopment of
I infrastructure as well as e-commerce should e gi'en to the 'illage. o
o'ercome the arriers in the wa( of the de'elopment of e-commerce
infrastructure in Bangladesh# we should ta6e the following steps0
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Proper infrastructure de'elopment of telephone industr(
,e'elopment consciousness aout the enefits of e-commerce to
the manufacturer1'endors and customers
Ensure proper securit( aout customers information !e.g. Credit card
numer of c(er cafe through pri'ate entrepreneurs
Encourage nonresident Bangladeshis to purchase countr( product through
usiness-to-commerce
,e'elopment of proper educational institution to create efficient I
professional and de'elop re@uire 6nowledge and s6ill ( gi'ing computer
training and asic education to the 'illagers
Infrastructure de'elopment of port customs and courier ser'ice facilities
for e-commerce
o increase the use of computer and Internet facilit( o'ernment must
withdraw all ta7es from computers and its accessories
Proper an6ing infrastructure de'elopment for issue Credit1,eit card and
online mone( transaction facilities
Proper go'ernment support for the de'elopment of I sectors and Internet
facilities
o'ernment should create an image of e-commerce awareness and leadership
and demonstrate to the usiness communit( the importance of e-commerce.
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>astl( it can e concluded ( sa(ing that the an6ing infrastructure needed at the
local# consumer side of e-commerce ma( e consideral( more difficult to achie'e.
Hust as the ma=orit( of the population does not ha'e access to telecommunications
ser'ices# the( also t(picall( lac6 access to e'en asic an6ing ser'ices# such as#
sa'ings and cha@ueing accounts# credit cards and loans# e'en simple cash currenc( in
man( places. It will re@uire creati'e and cooperati'e efforts on the part of an6s#
go'ernments# usiness# and communit( leaders to de'elop inno'ati'e means for
reaching these unner'ed with ser'ices that are oth appropriate and affordale.
illage Computer and Internet Program !CIP) started on Hul( 2555. he program is
operating at Madhupur in angail ,istrict# which is aout 2:9 6ilometers awa( from,ha6a. he main o=ecti'es of this Program are0
a) +amiliarize the 'illage people# particularl( the (oung generation# with the use of
computers and the Internet
) Pro'ide them computer training at a minimal price# and thus facilitate uilding up
a computer literate generation in the countr(
c) Pro'ide free e-mail ser'ices to teachers and students for educational
purposes and to doctors and =ournalists for emergenc( Purposes
d) Pro'ide e-mail facilities for families ha'ing relati'es sta(ing aroad and local
+acilitate easier access to rele'ant mar6et information# e.g. pre'alent mar6et
prices of specific products in different location. his would help the 'illage people
to ha'e etter argaining capacit( in selling their produce
a) Pro'ide computer compose and printing facilities at a low cost in rural areas
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) Enale student contact with educational1research institutions and liraries
aroad
c) ?rganize I wor6shop# seminars and e7hiition in rural areas
d) Create I related =o opportunities.
he enefits of the program0
CIP is pro'iding important enefits to rural societ( in Bangladesh. he aspects of
these enefits are0
") "ccess to the Information0
CIP is pro'iding all sorts of I facilities to the 'illagers. he 'illagers can ha'e
access to information will get enefits ( using computers.
B) "'ailailit( of Information0
illage people# go'ernment and also the local N? or institution are getting
information on education# health# agriculture# en'ironment etc.
C) Ho creation0
CIP is creating =os in rural areas. "t present rameen Communications has
recruited two staffs for operating the center.
,) Reducing the migration from 'illage to cit(0
he lac6 of =o opportunities in 'illages creates mass migration from 'illages to
cities. "ccess to the Internet will open man( Possiilities for emplo(ment. +rom
data entr( to we mar6eting. E) International and local correspondence0
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hree is a large and growing Bangladeshi e7patriate population in Southeast "sia#
Middle East# Europe and North "merica. hrough e-mail ser'ices instantl( and at
'er( low cost.
+) Reducing the impact of the middlemen0
illage residents !oth producers and consumers) will e ale to chec6 current
mar6et. But these t(pes of initiati'es are 'er( few in the countr(. Because of
ureaucratic constraints# the speed of reform of the telecommunication sector is
also slow. he electric power suppl( is not as the I sector demands and policies
instailit( further hinders the growth of the sector.
Situation of E-Commerce in Bangladesh0 "s a de'eloping countr( she adl( needs to
participate in the worldwide trend and e7plosion on E-Commerce that means I. It
is a fact that our countr( has a 'er( right prospect for de'elopment and e7port
of software# home-page design# data processing# and data entr(. Realizing this
prospect# the go'ernment has alread( announced data processing and software
e7port as a thrust sector.
he go'ernment has deregulated the telecommunication sector and internet
ser'ices in a ma=or polic( decision to remo'e ostacles in the wa( of oosting
0
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software usiness and opening up the options of high speed data transfer. "n
inter-ministerial meeting recentl( decided that Bangladesh elegraph and
elephone Board !BB) would select 'endors for suppl(ing -S" ! er( Small
"perture erminal) immediatel( for connection to the local ISP !Internet
Ser'ice Pro'ider).he BB would now get onl( a license fee amounting to &S
;#399 per (ear which means the ISP would ha'e to spend less than &S ;99 as
license fee per month. herefore the cost would come down to aout one-tenth of
the present price for data transfer if the decision is properl( implemented. But
still the user ase of computer is e7tremel( low ecause of high cost of computers
and peripherals. he e7isting an6ing procedure# asence of domestic industr(#
asence of source of fund# lac6 of mar6et promotion and asence of RF, are the
main factors for slow growth. But things are e7pected to mo'e fast towards
growth in the (ears ahead.
o enale the de'eloping countries to face the gloal challenges and to cope up
with the latest situation of E-Commerce# Bangladesh as an >,C memer seriousl(
needs human resource de'elopment. he international organizations with
responsiilities for 6e( areas of rules formation and economic de'elopment in this
field should ta6e necessar( action to train and de'elop re@uired I professionals.
In this connection institutional chain oth in the pulic and pri'ate sector should
e de'eloped. Bangladesh also needs fund for RF, and di'ersification of areas and
creation of awareness aout securit( of E-Commerce. Bangladesh Parliament in its
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recent session has passed the Cop( Right "ct# $999. But this alone cannot protect
the c(er crimes.
?ur neighoring countries including India ha'e made significant progress in this
respect. " comprehensi'e c(er law is 'er( important for the Internet Ser'ice
Pro'iders and upcoming phenomenon in Bangladesh of E-Commerce !Electronic
Commerce) and M-Commerce !Moile Commerce).It is heartening to note that the
Internet accessiilit( in Bangladesh has een growing 'er( rapidl( since the last
few (ears ut it is far elow the desired le'el. "n increasing competition is eing
oser'ed among the ISPs.
he rate of different Internet ser'ices is in rapid declining trend after
deregulation of -S" ( BB. "ll these positi'e indicators entail that there
remains a huge potential in this sector. "t this stage the serious need# among
others# is the de'elopment of human resource !*R) capacities in educational
institutions. here is alarming inclination towards migration of I specialists and
students from Bangladesh. It has een mentioned in the stud( of echBangla I
Research Cell !IRC) that aout %2K of teachers and I professionals are planning
to migrate from Bangladesh and %3.$K of students ha'e plans to mo'e to a foreign
countr(.
he go'ernment should announce suitale remuneration pac6age for those who ha'e
potentials to contriute in this sector and create congenial educational en'ironment
to stop rain drain. Considerale awareness for e-commerce can e oser'ed in
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Bangladesh and few companies are tr(ing to appl( e-commerce for conducting
usiness. hree important re@uirements for e-commerce are ade@uate information
infrastructure# appropriate legal framewor6 and s6illed manpower. &nfortunatel(
the first and third of these are not sufficient and the second is none7istent in the
countr(. But currentl( the go'ernment controls almost the whole telecommunication
sector. "lread( the go'ernment is tr(ing to prepare the communication technolog(
polic(.
he first draft of a sort of communication technolog( polic( was prepared and
presented in Hul( $999. he Bangladesh Computer Council prepared the draft under
the auspices of the Ministr( of Science and technolog(. It details clear polic(
instructions regarding infrastructure# the de'elopment of technolog(# creating an
en'ironment for e-commerce and go'ernance. he draft pro'es that the polic( is
going to e well planned and well-designed $2. Now the short term !+J $992-$993)
I Polic( has een adopted ( the go'ernment. Besides this# he National
elecommunication Polic( was also formulated in 255%. In addition# Bangladesh is
soon to ha'e a new elecommunication "ct. "ccording to the proposed "ct. a new
telecommunication regime would e created where( pri'ate sector in'estment
would e encouraged. he go'ernments role as a regulator( od( would e
transferred to a new independent elecommunication Regulator( Commission$;.
he o'ernment of Bangladesh has ta6en steps to oost up the I industr( for the
de'elopment of e-commerce. he steps are as follows0
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a) Aai'ing all ta7es and duties from importing the hardware and software
) Ending BBs role for the use of S"s ( ISPs who now directl( negotiate
with foreign carriers
c) a7 free e7port of software with
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he importance of I in the conte7t of ,ha6a# Bangladesh and the role it can pla(
in the socio-economic de'elopment cannot e o'er emphasized. he world has
witnessed phenomenal growth in this sector o'er the last few decades. he
countries that too6 timel( decision# made unprecedented growth. Ae need to in'est
in oth ph(sical# institutional and human infrastructures# specialized education and
training# and pro'ide an appropriate legal framewor6 for conducting commerce
electronicall(. It should e clearl( noted that in the gloalize world# personal
usiness de'elopment depends on electronic commerce. E-commerce# as a 'ehicle to
oost up trade# especiall( international trade# has alread( een recognized (
international usiness communit(# especiall( in European &nion# North "merican
Mar6ets and some of the other de'eloped nations li6e Hapan# Singapore# *ong ong
!now a part of China) etc. *owe'er e-commerce and its related technologies are
still in its infanc( stage in Bangladesh. ,espite e7istence of a lot of arriers in the
de'elopment of e-commerce is an option# since the world is mo'ing towards e-
e'er(thing# so we should tr( to o'ercome all the arriers and also tr( to de'elop
such en'ironment that is fa'orale for the de'elopment of e-commerce in ,ha6a#
Bangladesh.
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