early renaissance art in northern europe
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The Early RenaissanceNorthern Europe in 15th Century
FlandersFlemish Art
Flanders was in Southern Netherlands in Northern Europe
The city of Bruges was the commercial center of Northern Europe
The center of painting outside Italy in the 15th Century was in Flanders
Northern European Early Renaissance Art
vs.
Italian Early Renaissance Art
Italian Early Renaissance Art
• Fresco Painting / Tempera Painting
• Classic Greek and Roman Themes
• Nude Figures
Northern European Early Renaissance Art
• Oil Painting (sharp detail)
• Portraits
• Symbolism
Oil Painting• Flemish Artist Jan van Eyck credited with inventing oil painting in 1400s
• Previously, artists used fresco and tempera paint, but those mediums dry too quickly and difficult to create sharp details
• Jan van Eyck wanted his painting to look more realistic with vivid details to “mimic nature” and to create symbolism
• Italians commissioned paintings from Northern European artists – impressed by the technique and the style
Patrons of the ArtsA person who donates money toward the Arts – helping Society
CommissionTo hire an artist to make Art especially for you
Jan van EyckMan in a Red Turban (self-portrait)
Flemish Artists used Symbols to communicate ideas
The symbols used were recognized by most people at the time (common symbols)
Altarpieces
Altarpieces placed at the front of a church
Series of Wood Panels with religious stories
Robert Campin, Merode Altarpiece, 1425 – 1428, Oil on Wood
Robert Campin, Merode Altarpiece,
1425 – 1428, Oil on Wood
Annunciation Theme – Angel Gabriel comes to visit Virgin Mary
Triptych – painting with three panels (altarpiece)
Northern European Style architecture, human figures look European
Symbolism – extinguished candle, lillies, white towel – symbols of Virgin Mary’s purity
Left panel – Peter Engelbrect and wife – patrons (painting commissioned for private use) and artist (Campin) in background in doorway
Right panel – Joseph (Virgin Mary’s husband) working in his wood shop
Robert Campin, Merode Altarpiece (detail)
Fra Angelico, AnnuciationRobert Campin, Merode Altarpiece
Ghent Altarpiece
Jan Van Eyck
Ghent Altarpiece Jan Van Eyck, 1432
Jan Van Eyck, Ghent Altarpiece (detail of Adam), 1432, Oil on Wood
Jan Van Eyck, Ghent Altarpiece (detail of Adam), 1432, Oil on Wood
Altarpiece in Cathedral in Ghent, Belgium
Theme of Altarpiece is Salvation (God as Savior – Humans Saved by God)
Adam fits into a “Niche” – small space
Not very emotional
Naked figure (covering himself)
Masaccio, Expulsion of Adam and Eve
Compare Style
Technique Medium
Mood Composition
Hieronymus Bosch Garden of Earthly Delights
Hieronymus BoschGarden of Earthly Delights
(Detail)Oil on Wood Panel
c. 1500
Hieronymus BoschGarden of Earthly Delights (Detail)
Hieronymus BoschGarden of Earthly Delights (Detail)Oil on Wood Panelc. 1500
Hieronymus BoschGarden of Earthly Delights
Oil on Wood Panelc. 1500
• Triptych – 3 Panels• Left panel – Garden of Eden
(heaven) with Adam and Eve• Middle Panel – Earthly
Delights • Right Panel – Hell
• Fantasy – World of Dreams and Nightmares
• Satire - poking fun
• Theme of sin and corruption
Graphic Arts in Northern Europe
Martin Shongauer, Saint Anthony Tormented by Demons, 1480 – 1490, Engraving
Martin Shongauer, Saint Anthony Tormented by Demons, 1480 – 1490, Engraving
Martin Shongauer considered one of the best Engravers – he influenced many artists in 15th Century
Stoic Saint Surrounded by demons who claw and tear at him
Many different textures
Compare Style
Technique Subject
Composition Mood
Antonio Pollaiuolo, Battle of the Ten Nudes
Portraits
Tradition of the Greeks and Romans
Immortality – Your image will live forever
Publicize their “Greatness”
Augustus of PrimaportaAncient Roman Portrait Sculpture
1st Century CE
Jan Van Eyck, Man in a Red
Turban, 1433, Oil on Wood
Jan Van Eyck, Man in a Red
Turban, 1433, Oil on Wood
Self-Portrait of Jan van Eyck
Artist as Genius – Greatness
Exotic Red Turban (well-traveled / worldly / international)
Showing his “true self” – stubble, wrinkles in skin
Light focused on his face / dark background
Jan Van Eyck, Giovanni
Arnolfini and His Bride, 1434,
Oil on Wood
Jan Van Eyck, Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride, 1434, Oil on Wood
Marriage Portrait for Italian Couple
Symbolism – Colors, Objects, Placement
Composition (Circle)
Jan van Eyck reflection in mirror (self-portrait)
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