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Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources
Water Resources Industrial Energy
EfficiencyResources Regulation & Global Security Social
Transformation
Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development
OutreachModeling & Economic Analysis
Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
Energy efficient residential buildings in India
“International Conference on Growth with Stability in Affordable Housing Markets”
31st January,2012Mili Majumdar,
DirectorSustainable Habitat Division
TERI New Delhi
Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources
Water Resources Industrial Energy
EfficiencyResources Regulation & Global Security Social
Transformation
Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development
OutreachModeling & Economic Analysis
Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
Urbanization & Population Urbanization & Population GrowthGrowth
Population of India will reach from current 1.2bn to 1.4bn by 2025
By 2030, 40.8% (600mn) of India’s population will be living in urban areas compared to current 28.4%
Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources
Water Resources Industrial Energy
EfficiencyResources Regulation & Global Security Social
Transformation
Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development
OutreachModeling & Economic Analysis
Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
Urbanization & Housing Demand-Supply Urbanization & Housing Demand-Supply DynamicsDynamics
Supply shortfall since post-independence (1947)In 2005, estimated demand 209.5 million, supply 189.5 million
Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources
Water Resources Industrial Energy
EfficiencyResources Regulation & Global Security Social
Transformation
Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development
OutreachModeling & Economic Analysis
Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
NCAER Income Group Forecasts for the top twenty cities
Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources
Water Resources Industrial Energy
EfficiencyResources Regulation & Global Security Social
Transformation
Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development
OutreachModeling & Economic Analysis
Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
Annual electricity consumption(611 Billion units) in India-sectoral break up:2008-09
Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources
Water Resources Industrial Energy
EfficiencyResources Regulation & Global Security Social
Transformation
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Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
46%
59%
CumulativeCumulative emissionsemissions & savings- Urbansavings- Urban residentialresidential buildingsbuildings
Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources
Water Resources Industrial Energy
EfficiencyResources Regulation & Global Security Social
Transformation
Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development
OutreachModeling & Economic Analysis
Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
Approaches to energy efficient Approaches to energy efficient housinghousing Vernacular approach to design (passive
architecture, local materials, use of local labor): Low income/low cost housing and mass housing programmes of the government; certain pockets in India (Kerala and Auroville)
Adoption of Energy conservation building code in envelope design, labelled appliances for households; particularly applicable to middle and high income group housing
Green rated housing : Energy and resource efficiency looked at holistically in addition to indoor environmental quality and societal issues
Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources
Water Resources Industrial Energy
EfficiencyResources Regulation & Global Security Social
Transformation
Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development
OutreachModeling & Economic Analysis
Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
Use of low embodied energy technologies for housing
Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources
Water Resources Industrial Energy
EfficiencyResources Regulation & Global Security Social
Transformation
Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development
OutreachModeling & Economic Analysis
Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
Excellent ventilation
Orientation and shading as per solar geometry
Courtyard design and use of mature tree for shading
Design for daytime and nighttime use
Works of Charles Correa : Architectural expressions with dominance of natural climate control measures
Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources
Water Resources Industrial Energy
EfficiencyResources Regulation & Global Security Social
Transformation
Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development
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Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
Silkworm rearing house: Silkworm rearing house: BangaloreBangalore
Thermal comfort requirement: Chawki room: 25 to 28 deg C with 70-90% RH
Rearing room: 23 to 25 deg C with 70-80% RH
Non uniform heating/cooling leads to loss in 50-70% of yield
Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources
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Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
Constructed solar passive silk worm Constructed solar passive silk worm rearing houserearing house
Building section for silkworm rearing house
Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
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Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
Silkworm rearing being carried Silkworm rearing being carried out in the constructed solar out in the constructed solar passive housepassive house
Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources
Water Resources Industrial Energy
EfficiencyResources Regulation & Global Security Social
Transformation
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Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
Performance of solar passive silkworm rearing house in winter season of Bangalore
Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources
Water Resources Industrial Energy
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Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
Performance of the housePerformance of the house First rearing was carried out in the
month of December. Required temperatures for silkworm
rearing is 22deg C – 24degC. Outside ambient temperatures
monitored during rearing were between 13deg C and 30deg C.
Inside the solar passive house the maintained temperatures were between 20deg C to 24deg C.
Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources
Water Resources Industrial Energy
EfficiencyResources Regulation & Global Security Social
Transformation
Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development
OutreachModeling & Economic Analysis
Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
Adoption of Energy conservation building code in envelope design, labelled appliances for households: Potential for energy savings and providing financial incentive
Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources
Water Resources Industrial Energy
EfficiencyResources Regulation & Global Security Social
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Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
Base Case parameters• FALG brick wall with cement plaster on both sides• RCC roof• 6mm single clear glass with MS frame• Incandescent lamp, T-12• one-star window AC in bedrooms and living room
ECBC compliant• Wall insulation• Roof insulation with reflective coating•Single glazed Window with SC compliant with ECBC• CFL, T-5• five-star rated ACs in bedrooms and living room
Recommended case• Wall shading• Sakora roof with reflective coating• ECBC compliant window• CFL, T-5• five-star rated Acs in bedrooms and living room
EPIbase :152 kWh/m2/annum
EPIECBCenvelope :111 kWh/m2/annum
EPIeff.light_fivestareA
C :79 kWh/m2/annum
EPIbase :152 kWh/m2/annum
EPIrecommended
case 119 kWh/m2/annum
EPIeff.light_fivestareA
C :86 kWh/m2/annum
Energy Efficient housing: Application of solar passive design in conjunction with select measures from the Energy Conservation Building Code
Annual energy savings: 73 kWH/m2
Annual energy savings: 66 kWh/m2
Assumptions• People- 100% occupancy for 24 hrs• Lighting- 100% for 18hrs -22hrs• AC- Living room-12hr-20hrs• AC-Bedroom-13hr -14hr
-21hr-6hr
Payback period: 4-7 years
Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources
Water Resources Industrial Energy
EfficiencyResources Regulation & Global Security Social
Transformation
Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development
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Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
The IT Toolkit entrance
Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources
Water Resources Industrial Energy
EfficiencyResources Regulation & Global Security Social
Transformation
Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development
OutreachModeling & Economic Analysis
Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
The assesment tool structure
Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources
Water Resources Industrial Energy
EfficiencyResources Regulation & Global Security Social
Transformation
Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development
OutreachModeling & Economic Analysis
Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
Savings from various ECMs
Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources
Water Resources Industrial Energy
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Transformation
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Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
Saving potential
Energy Conservation Measures –
•Efficient Envelope Materials
•Efficient Lighting System
•Efficient AC system
•Solar Hot Water System
Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources
Water Resources Industrial Energy
EfficiencyResources Regulation & Global Security Social
Transformation
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Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
Green rating for housing
Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources
Water Resources Industrial Energy
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Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
Green rating for housing
• GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment)
• LEED rating for homes
• Ecohousing programme in city on Pune (Western India)
Market driven and partly incentivised
Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
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Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
GRIHA-Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment
Tool to facilitate design, construction, operation of a green building ,and in turn ….measure “greenness” of a building in India
What gets measured gets managed
Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
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Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
Key highlights of GRIHA
• Sets out guidelines for design, construction and operation
• Sets performances benchmarks for key resources like, energy and water
• Facilitates integration of traditional knowledge on architecture with present day technology
• Integrates all relevant Indian codes and standards (e.g NBC 2005, ECBC 2007, IS codes)
• Is in complete alignment with government policies and programs (e.g Environmental clearance by the MoEF: GRIHA pre certification gets fast track EIA clearance)
Building types (new constructions) Commercial Residential
5 climatic zones Hot – Dry Warm – Humid Composite Temperate Cold
Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources
Water Resources Industrial Energy
EfficiencyResources Regulation & Global Security Social
Transformation
Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development
OutreachModeling & Economic Analysis
Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
The Doon School Masters’ HousesMonitored indoor temperature profiles show performance nearly equal (in some cases better) than the simulation studies (>>40 Centigrade difference from conventional houses)
Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources
Water Resources Industrial Energy
EfficiencyResources Regulation & Global Security Social
Transformation
Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development
OutreachModeling & Economic Analysis
Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
Common wealth games villageCommon wealth games village Sustainable site planning measures
(compensatory afforestation, topsoil preservation, etc)
Water efficient landscape by adopting native species, efficient irrigation systems and limiting turf areas.
Building water consumption reduced by use of high efficiency and low-flow fixtures.
Energy efficiency measures such as high performance glass, roof insulation, energy efficient lighting and variable refrigerant volume based air conditioning shall reduce the energy consumption of the apartments significantly.
Solar photo voltaic system is proposed to meet the 10% of total energy requirement for internal lighting.
Waste water recycling and solid waste management system are being planned.
Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources
Water Resources Industrial Energy
EfficiencyResources Regulation & Global Security Social
Transformation
Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development
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Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
• Reimbursement of rating-cum-registration fee for buildings with higher rating
• Incentives to architects/ design consultants• Capital subsidy for SPV installations under
Ministry’s scheme • Promotional activities (training, awareness
generation, capacity building programmes)• Incentives to Urban Local Bodies • First 200 Government buildings exempted
from paying registration fees in advance.
Incentives for GRIHA Rated Green Buildings (governmemt projects only)
Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources
Water Resources Industrial Energy
EfficiencyResources Regulation & Global Security Social
Transformation
Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development
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Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
ConclusionConclusion
• Alternative/vernacular materials and techniques need mainstreaming through market push and acceptance among developers/builders/design community
• Local skill base needs enhancement• Policy impetus with enabling financial
mechanisms• Standards and norms for EE in housing• Awareness and capacity building
Earth Science and Climate ChangeDecentralized Electricity Solutions
Sustainable Habitats
Energy Environment Technology DevelopmentEnvironment & Industrial Bio-Technology
Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources
Water Resources Industrial Energy
EfficiencyResources Regulation & Global Security Social
Transformation
Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development
OutreachModeling & Economic Analysis
Sustainable Sustainable HabitatsHabitats
Thank you for your attention
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