electric power systems research | electrical energy laboratory, ghent university

Electric Power Systems ResearchElectrical Energy Laboratory

Ghent University

Prof. dr. ir. Lieven Vandevelde

Electric Power Systems Research

Faculty of Engineering and Architecture – Electrical Energy Laboratory 1

Overview

1. Grid support via power electronic converters

2. Smart microgrids

3. Ancillary services (by wind turbines)

4. CO2 neutrality of business parks

5. Virtual Power Plants

6. Renewable energy: wind and wave energy

Electric Power Systems Research

Faculty of Engineering and Architecture – Electrical Energy Laboratory 2

Grid support via power electronic converters

Control of grid-connected converters:

• Power Quality (harmonics, unbalance)

• Ancillary services

Electric Power Systems Research

Faculty of Engineering and Architecture – Electrical Energy Laboratory 3

“Damping” control strategy

Injection of highest current in the phase with lowest voltage

Electric Power Systems Research

Faculty of Engineering and Architecture – Electrical Energy Laboratory 4

Influence of converter control on distribution network

Electric Power Systems Research

Faculty of Engineering and Architecture – Electrical Energy Laboratory 5

Smart microgrids

Electric Power Systems Research

Faculty of Engineering and Architecture – Electrical Energy Laboratory 6

Modes of operation:

grid-connected

stand-alone (islanded)

Cluster of:

distributed generation

storage

loads

Smart microgrids

Voltage-based droop control

1. Generators

2. Loads and storage units

Electric Power Systems Research

Faculty of Engineering and Architecture – Electrical Energy Laboratory 7

Voltage based droop control strategy

Vg/Vdc-droop control strategy

pag. 8Electric Power Systems Research

Faculty of Engineering and Architecture – Electrical Energy Laboratory

Voltage based droop control strategy

Electric Power Systems Research

Faculty of Engineering and Architecture – Electrical Energy Laboratory 9

Voltage based droop control strategy

• Taking into account characteristics of microgrids

•Low inertia VdcCdc

•Resistive lines P/V link

•Intermittent sources constant-power band

• No communication for primary control

Electric Power Systems Research

Faculty of Engineering and Architecture – Electrical Energy Laboratory 10

Voltage based droop control strategy

• Smart transformer: primary control of power exchange

microgrid-distribution grid

• VBD control in grid connected mode:

• Soft curtailment, decrease grid losses

• Avoiding on-off oscillations of DG

• Transition grid-connected – islanded

• Implications on the market – opportunities & constraints

• Protection in microgrids

Electric Power Systems Research

Faculty of Engineering and Architecture – Electrical Energy Laboratory 11

Ancillary services (by wind turbines)

• Frequency:• (primary) frequency control

• Inertial response

• Voltage control

• Congestion

• Power Quality

• Stability

Electric Power Systems Research

Faculty of Engineering and Architecture – Electrical Energy Laboratory 12

CO2 neutrality of business parks

Secondary control:

e.g. virtual islanded operation (minimisation of exchange

between business park and utility grid)

• Loads

o demand response

• Generators

o deviation from MPP

• Storage

o dedicated storage devices

o buffering (also thermal)

Electric Power Systems Research

Faculty of Engineering and Architecture – Electrical Energy Laboratory 13

Virtual Power Plants (VPP)

Aggregation of various distributed generation units into a VPP

Commercial: “Capture the value of flexibility”

Technical: Ancillary services (e.g. congestion management)

Electric Power Systems Research

Faculty of Engineering and Architecture – Electrical Energy Laboratory 14

Control of power electronic converters for wind energy:

•Current control

•Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)

Aim: improvement of the efficiency

Wind energy

Electric Power Systems Research

Faculty of Engineering and Architecture – Electrical Energy Laboratory 15

Small Wind Turbine Field Laboratory

@ Greenbridge Science Park of Ghent

University, Oostende (B)

Electric Power Systems Research

Faculty of Engineering and Architecture – Electrical Energy Laboratory 16

Electric Power Systems Research

Faculty of Engineering and Architecture – Electrical Energy Laboratory 17

Wave energy

FlanSeaFlanders Electricity from the Sea

• Wave energy converter for moderate sea climate

• Aim: development of a concept – economic

feasibility

• Consortium: 6 Flemish companies – Ghent

University

• Period: 2010-2013

Electric Power Systems Research

Faculty of Engineering and Architecture – Electrical Energy Laboratory 18

Principle• Point absorber

• Bouy – anchor on seabed

• Vertical movement -> rotation

of the winch

• Full Electrical Power Take-Off

(PTO)

• Intelligent control: optimal

power extraction

Electric Power Systems Research

Faculty of Engineering and Architecture – Electrical Energy Laboratory 19

From lab to sea…

Electric Power Systems Research

Faculty of Engineering and Architecture – Electrical Energy Laboratory 20

Projects:• INCREASE (FP7) – www.project-increase.eu

Increasing the Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources in

the Distribution Grid by Developing Control Strategies and

Using Ancillary Services

• WINDUR (FP7-SME) – www.project-windur.euSmall Wind Turbine for Urban Environments

• SWIFT: Smart Wind Farm Control

• OptiWind: Serviceability Optimisation of the Next

Generation Offshore Wind Turbines

• M2E2S: Multiscale Modelling of Electrical Energy Systems

• ACE - www.ace-low-carbon-economy.eu

Electric Power Systems Research

Faculty of Engineering and Architecture – Electrical Energy Laboratory 21

Prof. dr. ir. Lieven Vandevelde

Dr. ir. Tine Vandoorn

Dr. ir. Bart Meersman

Electrical Energy Laboratory

Dept. of Electrical Energy, Systems and Automation

Ghent University

Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 913, 9052 Gent, Belgium

www.ugent.be/ea/eesa

Lieven.Vandevelde@UGent.be

Tine.Vandoorn@UGent.be

Bart.Meersman@UGent.be

Contact