endoplasmic reticulum (er) plasma membrane … · (“receiving” side of golgi apparatus)...
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ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
Smooth ERRough ERFlagellum
Centrosome
CYTOSKELETON:
Microfilaments
Intermediatefilaments
Microtubules
Microvilli
Peroxisome
MitochondrionLysosome
Golgiapparatus
Ribosomes
Plasma membrane
Nuclearenvelope
Nucleolus
Chromatin
NUCLEUS
Animal Cell
*not in plant cells
*
*
*
*
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough ER
Nuclear lamina (TEM)
Close-up of nuclear envelope
1 µm
1 µm
0.25 µm
Ribosome
Pore complex
Nuclear pore
Outer membraneInner membraneNuclear envelope:
Chromatin
Surface ofnuclear envelope
Pore complexes (TEM)
The NucleusWhere genetic material (DNA) is stored, gene expression begins.
Nucleolus
Region of nucleus where
ribosomes are made
Chromosomes
DNA molecules and
associated proteins
Cytosol
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Free ribosomes
Bound ribosomes
Large subunit
Small subunit
Diagram of a ribosomeTEM showing ER and ribosomes
0.5 µm
RibosomesCarry out protein synthesis by the process of translation.
Smooth ER
Rough ER Nuclear envelope
Transitional ER
Rough ERSmooth ER
Transport vesicle
RibosomesCisternae
ER lumen
200 nm
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER (RER)
• ribosomes on cytoplasmic side of
ER membrane synthesize proteins
across ER membrane into ER
Smooth ER (SER)
• where new lipids are made
beginning of the secretory pathway
cis face
(“receiving” side of Golgi
apparatus)Cisternae
trans face
(“shipping” side of Golgi
apparatus)TEM of Golgi apparatus
0.1 µm
The Golgi apparatus
• proteins destined to leave ER are transported to the Golgi where
they are modified, sorted and sent to various destinations.
• polysaccharides are produced in the Golgi apparatus as well
Nucleus 1 µm
Lysosome
Digestive
enzymesLysosome
Plasma
membrane
Food vacuole
(a) Phagocytosis
Digestion
(b) Autophagy
Peroxisome
Vesicle
Lysosome
Mitochondrion
Peroxisome
fragment
Mitochondrion
fragment
Vesicle containing
two damaged organelles1 µm
Digestion
Lysosomes
• acidic compartments full of enzymes for the
breakdown or digestion of foreign or waste material
Smooth ER
Nucleus
Rough ER
Plasma membrane
cis Golgi
trans Golgi
The Endomembrane System
aka the
“Secretory
Pathway”
Free ribosomesin the mitochondrial matrix
Intermembrane space
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
Cristae
Matrix
0.1 µm
Mitochondria
ATP production via cellular respiration
• convert energy from sugars, fatty acids, etc, to energy in ATP
Have
ribosomes
that resemble
those of
prokaryotes
NUCLEUS
Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
Chromatin
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Central vacuole
Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules
CYTO-SKELETON
Chloroplast
Plasmodesmata
Wall of adjacent cell
Cell wall
Plasma membrane
Peroxisome
Mitochondrion
Golgiapparatus
Plant Cell*
*
*
*
*not in animal cells
Central vacuole
Cytosol
Central vacuole
Nucleus
Cell wall
Chloroplast
5 µm
Central Vacuole
Plant organelle that stores
water and various ions
Source of “turgor pressure”
that maintains rigidity of
plant cells
• swells when fresh water is
plentiful
• cell wall provides support,
prevents lysis
Chloroplast
Stroma
Inner and outermembranes
Granum
Intermembranespace
Chloroplasts
Site of photosynthesis in plant cells.
• production of glucose from CO2 and H2O using sunlight
• the basis of essentially all ecosystems
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