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ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF 40%
MONOETHANOLAMINE (MEA) AT PACT PILOT PLANT
Muhammad Akram(m.akram@Sheffield.ac.uk)
K. Milkowski, J. Gibbins, M. Pourkashanian
30/11/2018112th ECCRIA Conference, 5-7 September 2018, Cardiff
• Background to CO2 capture
• Why this process (liquid solvents)
• Overall PACT facility
• Experimental setup
• Capture plant layout
• Measurements apparatus and techniques
• Test matrix
• Plant performance data
• Conclusions
SYNOPSIS:
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• CO2 is a problem
• Using biomass instead of fossils
• Renewables/ efficiency improvements / carbon capture can reduce emissions
• None of these can solve the problem on their own (technical, economical, social, availability issues)
• Every possible contender needs to play a part
BACKGROUND:
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• Post combustion capture by absorption using liquid solvents (mostly amines) is well understood process
• In the industry for over 6 decades (Urea plants, petrochemicals and gas sweetening plants)
• Can be retrofitted
• Mostly CO2 been used for EOR
• Power and industrial CO2 capture is new application
• Sask power (BD3, Canada), Petra Nova (USA) are examples of commercial scale deployment is power sector
• AVR, a waste incineration company is building full scale plant in Netherlands using MEA
WHY THIS PROCESS:
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ACP Integration:
Synthetic flue gas
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Synthetic set up
CO2 N2 O2
Control panel
NOx
SOx
N2O
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Experimental setup for this test campaign
CO2
Control panel
Air
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1TPD CO2 Capture plant
• FGD for S removal
• Water wash column
• Absorber 300mm dia; 6.5m mellapak CC3 packing
• Stripper pressure up to 3.5bar capability
• Pressurised hot water for stripping (up to 130 ⁰C)
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Process description
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Layout:
FCV203
FT203
PACT StripperV-
301
Reboiler E-301
PACT Absor
berV-101
C
T
P
F
Cooler
Carbon filter Wash
column
Rich pump
P102a
Lean pump
P301a
CO2
Reset
LT301
FCV30
1
LT102
LCV10
2
E-201
E-
202
FGD
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Measurements:
FCV203
FT203
PACT StripperV-
301
Reboiler E-301
PACT Absor
berV-101
C
T
P
F
Cooler
Carbon filter Wash
column
Rich pump
P102a
Lean pump
P301a
CO2
Reset
LT301
FCV30
1
LT102
LCV10
2
E-201
E-
202
FGD
Gas sampling: 1 FGD inlet2 absorber inlet3 absorber outlet 4 water wash outlet5 stripper outlet
12
345
Liquid sampling:1 rich solvent2 lean solvent3 water wash
1
2
3
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Gas Sampling System
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FTIR measures: Concentrations of H2O, CO2, CO, NO, NO2, N2O, SO2, NH3,CH4, C2H6, C2H4, C3H8, C6H14, Formaldehyde, MEA and TOC
Measurements
Auto-titrator:
• Solvent concentration
• CO2 loading
• Water content (Karl Fischer Method)
Absorber temperature profile by ten RTDS (resistance temperature detectors)
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23.4 cm
Fe measurements (Corrosion):
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Data Acquisition from the plant:
• Allen Bradley PLC – Controls the plant (solvent flows, stripper pressure, lean solvent temperature etc.)
• National Instruments Labview – records temperatures, pressures and flows (flue gas flow, CO2 flow, PHW flow)
• FTIR – Flue gas analysis
• Titration – Solvent analysis (COMCAT for continuous solvent monitoring
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Test Matrix: Air + CO2 mixture
MEA solvent for CO2 capture (40wt%)
Operational conditions varied
Samples taken manually at the end of each test run
Mettler Toledo auto-titrator used for titrations for CO2 loading and solvent concentration
Following parameters were fixed for the tests (unless reported):
• Stripper pressure = 1.5 bara
• Reboiler temperature set point = 128 ⁰C
• PHW flow to the reboiler = 10-10.5 m3/h
• Lean solvent temperature = 40 ⁰C
• Flue gas temperature = 40 ⁰C
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Effect of reboiler temperature
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Reboiler Temp. Vs. reboiler duty
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128
Reb
oil
er d
uty
(M
J/kgC
O2)
Cap
ture
eff
icie
ncy
(%
)
Reboiler set point (C)
Capture efficiency at 0.4 barg
Capture efficiency at 0.5 barg
Reboiler duty at 0.4 barg
Reboiler duty at 0.5 barg
0.4 barg
0.5 barg
Effect of L/G ratio; lean loading = 0.26
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0
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0
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20
30
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50
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0 2 4 6 8 10
Reb
oil
er d
uty
(M
J/kgC
O2)
Cap
ture
Eff
icie
ncy
(%
)
L/G ratio (kg/kg)
Reboiler setpoint 125C; Stripper pressur 0.5barg
Capture efficiency at 190 m3/h
Capture efficiency at 170 m3/h
Capture efficiency at 1200 kg/h
Reboiler duty at 190 m3/h
Reboiler duty at 170 m3/h
Reboiler duty at 1200 kg/h
Capture efficiency vs. L/G ratio
Capture efficiency vs. reboiler duty
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0
1
2
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7
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Reb
oil
er d
uty
(M
J/kgC
O2)
Reb
oie
r duty
(M
J/h)
Capture Efficiency (%)
MJ/h
MJ/kgCO2
Comparison of 30% and 40% MEA
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40% 40% 40% 30%30%30%
Comparison of 30% and 40% MEA
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0
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10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 1 2 3 4
Reb
oile
r d
uty
(M
J/kg
CO
2)
Cap
ture
Eff
. (%
)
Test No.
Capture Eff. 40% MEA
Capture Eff. 30% MEA
Reboiler duty 40% MEA
Reboiler duty 30% MEA
Comparison of 30% and 40% MEA
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Emissions:
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• Ammonia emissions = 25-100 ppm• MEA emissions
Absorber outlet 30-140 ppm (also observed up to 500ppm) water wash outlet always below 15 ppm
X-axis readings every 20 seconds; 1620 = 9hrs
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Am
mo
nia
(p
pm
)
No. of readings
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 500 1000 1500 2000
MEA
(p
pm
)
No. of readings
water wash outlet MEA 6-10ppm
Fe measurements (Corrosion):
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Fe (
mg/
L)
Operational days
• Then plant left idle for couple of months for modifications
• Fe measured 20 mg/L• With 30% MEA max Fe measured = 5 mg/L
Conclusions:• No obvious major handling differences from 30% w/w MEA
• Relative energy consumption ~12% lower under favourable conditions
• Lean loading more sensitive to pressure and temperature for 40% MEA
• Emissions higher than 30% MEA
• Corrosion rate needs to be considered when using high concentrations of MEA and operation particularly RPBs
• Absolute energy consumption higher due to short absorber column – planning to add a second column in series
30/11/2018 2712th ECCRIA Conference, 5-7 September 2018, Cardiff
Publications• Paul Tait, Bill Buschle, Kris Milkowski, Muhammad Akram, Mohamed Pourkashanian, Mathieu Lucquiaud,
Flexible operation of post-combustion CO2 capture at pilot scale with demonstration of capture-efficiency control using online solvent measurements, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Volume 71, April 2018, Pages 253-277
• Usman Ali, Muhammad Akram, Carolina Font-Palma, Derek B Ingham, Mohamed Pourkashanian, (2017), “Part-load Performance of Direct-firing and Co-firing of Coal and Biomass in a Power Generation System Integrated with a CO2 Capture and Compression System”, Fuel. Volume 210, 15 December 2017, Pages 873-884
• Akram M., Ali U, pourkashanian M, font palma C.,Comparaive potential of NaturalGAs, Coal and Biomass Fired Power Plants with Post Combustion CO2 capture and Compression, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. Volume 63, August 2017, Pages 184–193.
• Ali U., Font Palma C., Nikpey Somehsaraei H., Mansouri Majoumerd M., Akram M., Finney K.N., Best T., MohdSaid N.B., Assadi M., Pourkashanian M., (2017), Benchmarking of a micro gas turbine model integrated with post-combustion CO2 capture, Energy, 126. pp. 475-487. ISSN 0360-5442 .
• Maria Elena Diego, Muhammad Akram, Jean-Michel Bellas, Karen N. Finney, Mohamed Pourkashanian, (2017), Making gas-CCS a commercial reality: The challenges of scaling up, Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology.
• Akram, M., Ali U., Best T., Finney K.N., Blakey S., Pourkashanian M., (2016), “Performance evaluation of PACT capture plant for CO2 capture from gas turbines with exhaust gas recycle”, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control”, Volume 47, April 2016, Pages 137–150.
• Rezazadeh F., Gale W.F., Akram M., Hughes K.J., , Pourkashanian M., (2016), “Performance evaluation and optimisation of post combustion CO2 capture processes for natural gas applications at pilot scale via a verified rate-based model”, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Volume 53, October 2016, Pages 243–253.
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Acknowledgement:
The authors acknowledge that
PACT Facilities,
funded by the
Department of Energy and Climate Change
and
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council,
have been used for the experimental work reported in this presentation.
30/11/2018 2912th ECCRIA Conference, 5-7 September 2018, Cardiff
QUESTIONS ?
m.akram@sheffield.ac.uk
30/11/2018 3012th ECCRIA Conference, 5-7 September 2018, Cardiff
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