energy & matter

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Energy & Matter. Chapter 11. Ecosystem Function. One-way flow of energy. Cycling of matter. Matter and Energy Flow in Ecosystems. Food chains. Food webs. Trophic levels. Agave. Agave. Prickly pear cactus. Prickly pear cactus. Roadrunner. Roadrunner. Diamondback rattlesnake. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Energy & Matter

Chapter 11

Ecosystem Function

One-way flowof energy

Cycling ofmatter

Matter and Energy Flow in EcosystemsFood chains Food webs

TrophicTrophiclevelslevels

Producer to primaryconsumer

Primaryto secondaryconsumer

Secondary tohigher-levelconsumer

All producers andconsumers todecomposers

Fungi

Gambel'squail

Red-tailed hawk

Collaredlizard

Jackrabbit

Yucca

Kangaroo ratKangaroo rat

AgaveAgave

RoadrunnerRoadrunner

Diamondback rattlesnakeDiamondback rattlesnakeDarklingbeetleDarklingbeetle

BacteriaBacteria

Pricklypearcactus

Pricklypearcactus

Ecological Pyramids Pyramid of

energy flow

Ecologicalefficiency (10%)

Pyramid ofbiomass

Pyramid ofnumbers

Ecological Efficiency 48 different

studies - range of 2 to 24% trophic level transfer efficiencies

Average was 10.13%

Energy Productivity of EcosystemsPrimary productivity

Secondary productivity

Energy stored/area/timeEnergy stored/area/time

Matter Cycling in Ecosystems

-Biogeochemical or nutrient cycles

-Hydrologic cycle (H2O)

-Atmospheric or gaseous cycles (C, N)

-Sedimentary cycles (P, S)

Hydrologic (Water) Cycle

Driven by physical forcesDriven by physical forces

The Carbon Cycle

Driven by biological forces:Driven by biological forces:photosynthesis and respirationphotosynthesis and respiration

The Nitrogen Cycle

Driven by biological forces: bacteriaDriven by biological forces: bacteria

Root nodulesRoot noduleson legumeson legumes

CyanobacteriaCyanobacteria

The Phosphorus Cycle

Driven by physical forcesDriven by physical forces

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