energy resources. vocabulary – “fossil fuels” (chapter 5 – section 1) fuel energy...

Energy Resources

Vocabulary – “Fossil Fuels”(Chapter 5 – Section 1)

• Fuel

• Energy Transformation

• Combustion

• Fossil Fuels

• Hydrocarbon

• Coal

• Petroleum/Oil

• Refinery

• Petrochemical

• Natural Gas

Fuel

Definition:

Examples:

Energy Transformation

Definition:

Examples:

Combustion

Definition:

Production of Electricity (p. 159)

Skills Activity (p. 160)

End Use of Energy

• Transportation

• Industry

• Homes and Businesses

Percent of Total Energy

26.5 %

38.1 %

35.4 %

At-Home Activity (p. 164)

• What fuel source is used in your home?

• In other words, how is your home cooled and heated.

Fossil FuelsDefinition:Types:

1. 2. 3.

***Non Renewable ResourceHydrocarbon

Definition:

1. Coal (solid, most plentiful Fossil Fuel)

• Formation:

(Plant-Peat-Coal)– Begins as

decomposing plant matter (swamp plants die and build up)

– Plants become PEAT (can be burned-not as efficient as coal)

– Peat becomes Coal (lots of pressure/years and lots of energy)

• Advantages:– Once found, can be

mined and easily transported (23% of fuel in US-mainly electrical plants)

• Disadvantages:– Danger of mining,

increases erosion, water pollution from runoff, air pollution from burning

Coal

Advantages vs. Disadvantages ???

Coal Formation (p. 161)

Oil (Petroleum)Advantages vs. Disadvantages ???

Refinery

Definition:

Petrochemicals

Definition:

Examples:

Oil Production (p. 162)

• Crude oil is first pumped out of the ground and then refined. In the refining process, crude oil is heated and separated to make different products.

Natural Gas

Advantages vs. Disadvantages ???

Fuels and Electricity• The circle graph

shows which energy sources are used to produce electricity in the United States.

–The percentage of total U.S. electricity that is produced using the labeled energy source

• Reading Graphs:

– What does each wedge of the circle represent?

–Coal

• Interpreting Data:

– Which energy source is used to generate most of the electricity in the United States?

–70.8% (59.3% coal, 9.3% natural gas, 2.2% petroleum)

• Drawing Conclusions:

– What percentage of the electricity production in the United States relies on fossil fuels?

–Coal, petroleum, and natural gas might decrease because they are in limited supply; nuclear and hydroelectric energy sources might increase to replace fossil fuels.

• Predicting:

– How might the circle graph differ 50 years from now? Give reasons to support your prediction.

Key Concepts

• When fuels are burned, the chemical energy that is released can be used to generate another form of energy, such as heat, light, motion or electricity.

• The 3 major fossil fuels are coal, oil, and natural gas.

• Since fossil fuels take hundreds of millions of years to form, they are considered nonrenewable resources.

Target Reading Skill (p. 158)

Building Vocabulary:

• Using a word in a sentence helps you think about how best to explain the word. After you read the section, reread the paragraphs that contain Vocabulary words. Use the information you have learned to write a meaningful sentence using each word.

Building Vocabulary

Key Terms: Examples:

energy transformationcombustionfuel

An example of energy transformation is combustion, when a fuel is burned and chemical energy is released.

petroleumfossil fuelshydrocarbons

Oil, also called petroleum, is one of the fossil fuels, which are made up of energy-rich hydrocarbons.

refinery Many products that come from oil are produced in a refinery, where oil is heated and separated.

Key Terms: Examples:

petrochemicals Petrochemicals, which are also made from oil, are used to make medicines, plastics, paints, and cosmetics.

Vocabulary – “Renewable Sources of Energy”

(Chapter 5 – Section 2)• Solar Energy

• Solar Power Plants

• Solar Cells

• Passive Solar Heating

• Active Solar Heating

• Hydroelectric Power

• Wind Power

• Biomass Fuels

• Gasohol

• Geothermal Energy

• Hydrogen Power

Solar EnergyAdvantages/Disadvantages???

Solar Power Plants

Solar Cells

• How are solar cells

different than solar

power plants???

Passive Solar Heatingvs.

Active Solar Heating

Q. How does the house capture solar energy?

A. Active solar collectors on the roof, large windows on the south and west sides that act as passive solar collectors

Q. What does the equipment that is on the roof do?

A. Active solar cells on the roof generate electricity that can be stored in a battery in the basement.

Solar House

Q. What is the difference between active and passive solar heating systems?

A. Both convert sunlight into thermal energy, but only active systems use pumps and fans to distribute heat.

Hydroelectric PowerHow do we get electricity using a dam?

*Gavins Point Dam-Yankton, SD

*Advantages/Disadvantages???

Wind Energy

*How do we get

electricity using a

wind mill?

Advantages/Disadvantages???

Biomass Fuels

*What is Biomass?

*What is Gasohol?

Advantages???

Disadvantages???

Geothermal

Advantages/Disadvantages???

Hydrogen PowerIn what common substance is most

hydrogen on Earth found?

Advantages/Disadvantages???

Key Concepts

• The sun constantly gives off energy in the forms of light and heat.

• In addition to solar energy, renewable sources of energy include water, the wind, biomass fuels, geothermal energy and hydrogen.

Vocabulary – “Nuclear Energy”(Chapter 5 – Section 3)• Nucleus

• Nuclear Fission

• Controlled Chain Reaction

• Uncontrolled Chain Reaction

• Nuclear Fusion

“Nuclear Energy”Fission

and Fusion

•What is a nucleus?

•What is in a nucleus?

Nuclear Fission• What is a “Chain Reaction?”

• Give an example of a controlled and uncontrolled chain reaction

Controlled = ___________________

Uncontrolled = _________________

Nuclear Power Plant

Atomic Bomb

Nuclear Fusion

• What 2 nuclei combine with nuclear fusion?

Compare and Contrast

Fission Both Fusion

Key Concepts• During nuclear fission, when a neutron hits a

U-235 nucleus, the nucleus splits apart into 2 smaller nuclei and 2 or more neutrons.

• In a nuclear power plant, the heat released form fission reactions is used to change water into steam, which turns the blades of a turbine to generate electricity.

• In nuclear fusion, 2 H nuclei combine to create a He nucleus, which has slightly less mass than the 2 H nuclei. The lost mass is converted to energy.

Vocabulary – “Energy Conservation”

(Chapter 5 – Section 4)

• Efficiency

• Insulation

• Energy Conservation

Energy ConservationConservation by Recycling (1:38)

Energy Efficiency

• What is the most common way to improve efficiency of heating and cooling?

• Name ways that energy efficiency can be improved in lighting?

• Name ways that energy efficiency can be improved in transportation?

• How can YOU improve energy efficiency in your home, school, life?

Key Concepts• One way to preserve our current energy

resources is to increase the efficiency of our energy use.

• Another way is to conserve energy whenever possible.

Bill Nye – The Automobile (7:39)

The Hybrid Car• What is a fossil fuel?

• What type of fossil fuel is used by most automobiles?

• What problems are associated with the use of fossil fuels?

• What problems are associated with the way cars are fueled?

• What are some ways the individuals and governments have tried to solve some of the problems?