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1Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and AirSM
Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and Air SM
ACS Briefing
Energy, Water and Climate: Connecting the Dots
Washington, D.C.December 16, 2009
Water, Energy & Climate Nexus: An Industrial Perspective
Manian RameshChief Technology Officer
Nalco Company
2Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and AirSM
Clean Water Access A Key Issue in Fastest-growing Economies
Source: World Health Organization, January 20072
<50%51-70%71-90%91-99%100%Data N/A
Access to Safe Water• The percent of people with access to adequate, safe drinking water within
1 kilometer of their home remains woefully inadequate in areas with the greatest potential and expectations for rapid economic development.• Economic development will need to coincide with improved access to safe water for domestic use.• Industrial controls, through using less water, and fully treating discharged water, must contribute to meeting this basic human need.
3Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and AirSM
Water & Energy are Interdependent
• Thermoelectric Cooling• Hydropower• Energy resources extraction• Fuel Production• Emission Management
Water needs for Energy
• Treatment• Conditioning for use• Transport & Conveyance• Production (eg desalination)• Pumping
Energy needs for Water
4Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and AirSM
Energy and Water Usage
Pulp and paper industry is one of the largest consumers of water and energy in the manufacturing sector
Chemical &chemical products
Economic Intensity of Water Usage
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Paper & Alliedproducts
Refined petroleum& Coal products
Primary metal
m3/
$ va
lue
of p
rodu
ctio
n
Economic Intensity of Energy Usage
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Refinedpetroleum andcoal products
Paper & alliedProducts
Primary metal Chemical &chemical products
MJ
per $
val
ue o
f pro
duct
ion
5Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and AirSM
In developing countries, water treatment spend grows faster than GDP
Modernization drives per-person water treatment increase.
Add to high industrial growth rates for the absolute need for water sustainability
MVA is Manufacturing Value Added
Sources: Fredonia “World Water Treatment Products”, March 2006. Data correlation corrected for scaling differences from logarithmic chart presented by Fredonia
6Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and AirSM
Water treatment saves energy – and ultimately GHG
Water used as a heat transfer mechanism in boilers, cooling towers
Scale and microbial growth insulate heat transfer surfaces
Keeps surfaces clean, facilitating energy-efficient heat transfer
Membranes and other equipment are used to filter contaminants in water applications
Pores block, requiring more energy to push or pull clean water through surfaces
Keeps membrane surfaces free of contaminants, saving energy
Hot water is used in a multitude of industrial applications and often released hot
Recycling heated water for other applications saves energy required
Cleans and redirects heated water to other hot water applications, saving energy
Water Use Issue Treatment impact
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7Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and AirSM
Fossil Fuel Power Stations
00.20.40.60.8
1
% Reduction in CO2-eq, te/yr/MWe
CF = 70-95% CT BasinTemperature
Drop = 1-2deg C
CombinedEffect
Brown CoalBlack CoalNatural Gas
in
out
total
Fuel Used
Cooling system management changes can often produce meaningful reductions in:– Heat rate (fuel BTU’s/KWH produced) – Fuel cost (per KWH produced)– CO2 emissions
Source: “Greenhouse Gas Reduction from Fossil Fuel Power Stations…”, K. Gehan and A.J. Hook (2006)
Impact of a 1% Heat Rate Reduction
500 MW Coal-fired PlantFuel savings - $525,000/yrCO2 avoidance – 44,700 tons/yr
500 MW Combined CycleGas Turbine (CCGT) PlantFuel savings - $1,714,000/yrCO2 avoidance – 17,200 tons/yr
Air pollutant releases also reduced
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8Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and AirSM
Impact of scale on boiler energy requirements
Effect of boiler tube scale and deposits– Energy efficiency loss– Risk of tube failure from overheating or corrosion– Reduced steam quality– Reduced steam system reliability
Excess energy is required to overcome even very small amounts ofboiler scale. Presence of other contaminants including iron and
silica further increases costs.8
Steam Generation (kilos/hour)
0.2 mm scale
0.4 mm scale
0.8 mm scale
2500 $6,720 $13,906 $21,5985000 $13,440 $27,891 $43,195
10000 $26,881 $55,703 $86,46925000 $67,201 $139,297 $216,132
Typical Energy Loss 2% 4% 6%
Typical Fuel Costs Associated with Boiler Efficiency (annual)
mm = millimeter
10Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and AirSM
Technology Helps Industry Conserve, Re-Use and Recycle Water
Re-UseWater reclaimed as make-up without
any change to its quality
Re-UseWater reclaimed as make-up without
any change to its quality
RecycleWater reclaimed as
make-up after quality improvement
RecycleWater reclaimed as
make-up after quality improvement
Conservation Through improved Water Treatment, Operation of
Equipment and Automation & Control
Conservation Through improved Water Treatment, Operation of
Equipment and Automation & Control
Wet End Chemistry
Hydrodynamics
Water Management
PCR™Technology
WetChemistry
Hydrodynamics
Water Management
PARETOTM
Wet End Chemistry
Hydrodynamics
Water Management
PCR™Technology
WetChemistry
Hydrodynamics
Water Management
PARETOTM
Membrane Performance Enhancer (NALCO MPE 50)
Membrane Bio Reactor
Examples:
Opportunity : Technology providers can expand market with technologies that help companies utilize environmental resources more efficiently –
In 2008, Nalco’s patented technology examples below saved over 64 billion gallons water/yr and reduced CO2 emissions by 30,000 tons/yr. We will exceed 100 billion gallons of water savings/yr & reduce 50,000 tons/yr of CO2 emissions over the next few years.
11Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and AirSM
Solution:• A holistic cooling tower treatment • A predictive model for antiscalants based on water
chemistry and tower physical characteristics• A real time diagnostic monitoring and control, 7/24 remote
monitoring based on proprietary probes and preventive measures for ensuring consistent operation
Economic & Environmental Gains:• Consistent unit operation with any quality of feed water• A chemical plant in Texas saved 1 billion gallons of water
and $ 4 million in annual maintenance cost in 2008• Current installations saved 63 billion gallons water in 2008
3D TRASAR® Technology for Cooling Towers
Industry Need: Higher usage cycles, reliable corrosion control, effective microbial treatment and blow down reduction
12Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and AirSM
PARETO™ Wet-End Optimization
These savings resulted in preventing approximately 15,000 tons of CO2 from being released to the environment
Technology to deliver a controlled physical chemical reaction and optimal penetration into the process flow
Feed Liquid can be hot filtered process water rather than fresh water
Significantly minimizes machine breaks
Increased machine speed
PARETO Wet-End Optimization technology has saved (2008):
– One billion gallons of fresh water
– 440 billion BTU of energy
13Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and AirSM
Results from a U.S. pharmaceutical plant
Benefit Description
Water Savings Wastewater reduction of 45,000 Gallons per day
Energy Savings Electrical: 7,731,000 kWhGas: 305,000 therms
Cost Savings Water Savings: $876,000Energy Savings: $367,000Total Savings: $1,243,000
Environmental Stewardship and LEED Green Building certification
In terms of LEED, the recommendations result in the equivalent savings of:17,150 tons of CO229,100 tons of NO725 tons of SO2
Equals planting 4,222 acres trees or removing pollution of 2,038 mid-sized cars
Emerging partnerships of diverse competencies provide a comprehensiveunderstanding of energy, water and other environmental savings.
We have a long way to go before we have exhausted sustainability efforts that improve industry profitability
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