energy, water and climate: connecting the dots expertise for water, energy and air 1 sm essential...

1Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and AirSM

Essential Expertise for Water, Energy and Air SM

ACS Briefing

Energy, Water and Climate: Connecting the Dots

Washington, D.C.December 16, 2009

Water, Energy & Climate Nexus: An Industrial Perspective

Manian RameshChief Technology Officer

Nalco Company


Clean Water Access A Key Issue in Fastest-growing Economies

Source: World Health Organization, January 20072

<50%51-70%71-90%91-99%100%Data N/A

Access to Safe Water• The percent of people with access to adequate, safe drinking water within

1 kilometer of their home remains woefully inadequate in areas with the greatest potential and expectations for rapid economic development.• Economic development will need to coincide with improved access to safe water for domestic use.• Industrial controls, through using less water, and fully treating discharged water, must contribute to meeting this basic human need.


Water & Energy are Interdependent

• Thermoelectric Cooling• Hydropower• Energy resources extraction• Fuel Production• Emission Management

Water needs for Energy

• Treatment• Conditioning for use• Transport & Conveyance• Production (eg desalination)• Pumping

Energy needs for Water


Energy and Water Usage

Pulp and paper industry is one of the largest consumers of water and energy in the manufacturing sector

Chemical &chemical products

Economic Intensity of Water Usage

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Paper & Alliedproducts

Refined petroleum& Coal products

Primary metal

m3/

$ va

lue

of p

rodu

ctio

n

Economic Intensity of Energy Usage

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Refinedpetroleum andcoal products

Paper & alliedProducts

Primary metal Chemical &chemical products

MJ

per $

val

ue o

f pro

duct

ion


In developing countries, water treatment spend grows faster than GDP

Modernization drives per-person water treatment increase.

Add to high industrial growth rates for the absolute need for water sustainability

MVA is Manufacturing Value Added

Sources: Fredonia “World Water Treatment Products”, March 2006. Data correlation corrected for scaling differences from logarithmic chart presented by Fredonia


Water treatment saves energy – and ultimately GHG

Water used as a heat transfer mechanism in boilers, cooling towers

Scale and microbial growth insulate heat transfer surfaces

Keeps surfaces clean, facilitating energy-efficient heat transfer

Membranes and other equipment are used to filter contaminants in water applications

Pores block, requiring more energy to push or pull clean water through surfaces

Keeps membrane surfaces free of contaminants, saving energy

Hot water is used in a multitude of industrial applications and often released hot

Recycling heated water for other applications saves energy required

Cleans and redirects heated water to other hot water applications, saving energy

Water Use Issue Treatment impact

6


Fossil Fuel Power Stations

00.20.40.60.8

1

% Reduction in CO2-eq, te/yr/MWe

CF = 70-95% CT BasinTemperature

Drop = 1-2deg C

CombinedEffect

Brown CoalBlack CoalNatural Gas

in

out

total

Fuel Used

Cooling system management changes can often produce meaningful reductions in:– Heat rate (fuel BTU’s/KWH produced) – Fuel cost (per KWH produced)– CO2 emissions

Source: “Greenhouse Gas Reduction from Fossil Fuel Power Stations…”, K. Gehan and A.J. Hook (2006)

Impact of a 1% Heat Rate Reduction

500 MW Coal-fired PlantFuel savings - $525,000/yrCO2 avoidance – 44,700 tons/yr

500 MW Combined CycleGas Turbine (CCGT) PlantFuel savings - $1,714,000/yrCO2 avoidance – 17,200 tons/yr

Air pollutant releases also reduced

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Impact of scale on boiler energy requirements

Effect of boiler tube scale and deposits– Energy efficiency loss– Risk of tube failure from overheating or corrosion– Reduced steam quality– Reduced steam system reliability

Excess energy is required to overcome even very small amounts ofboiler scale. Presence of other contaminants including iron and

silica further increases costs.8

Steam Generation (kilos/hour)

0.2 mm scale

0.4 mm scale

0.8 mm scale

2500 $6,720 $13,906 $21,5985000 $13,440 $27,891 $43,195

10000 $26,881 $55,703 $86,46925000 $67,201 $139,297 $216,132

Typical Energy Loss 2% 4% 6%

Typical Fuel Costs Associated with Boiler Efficiency (annual)

mm = millimeter


A Holistic Industrial Water Treatment


Technology Helps Industry Conserve, Re-Use and Recycle Water

Re-UseWater reclaimed as make-up without

any change to its quality

Re-UseWater reclaimed as make-up without

any change to its quality

RecycleWater reclaimed as

make-up after quality improvement

RecycleWater reclaimed as

make-up after quality improvement

Conservation Through improved Water Treatment, Operation of

Equipment and Automation & Control

Conservation Through improved Water Treatment, Operation of

Equipment and Automation & Control

Wet End Chemistry

Hydrodynamics

Water Management

PCR™Technology

WetChemistry

Hydrodynamics

Water Management

PARETOTM

Wet End Chemistry

Hydrodynamics

Water Management

PCR™Technology

WetChemistry

Hydrodynamics

Water Management

PARETOTM

Membrane Performance Enhancer (NALCO MPE 50)

Membrane Bio Reactor

Examples:

Opportunity : Technology providers can expand market with technologies that help companies utilize environmental resources more efficiently –

In 2008, Nalco’s patented technology examples below saved over 64 billion gallons water/yr and reduced CO2 emissions by 30,000 tons/yr. We will exceed 100 billion gallons of water savings/yr & reduce 50,000 tons/yr of CO2 emissions over the next few years.


Solution:• A holistic cooling tower treatment • A predictive model for antiscalants based on water

chemistry and tower physical characteristics• A real time diagnostic monitoring and control, 7/24 remote

monitoring based on proprietary probes and preventive measures for ensuring consistent operation

Economic & Environmental Gains:• Consistent unit operation with any quality of feed water• A chemical plant in Texas saved 1 billion gallons of water

and $ 4 million in annual maintenance cost in 2008• Current installations saved 63 billion gallons water in 2008

3D TRASAR® Technology for Cooling Towers

Industry Need: Higher usage cycles, reliable corrosion control, effective microbial treatment and blow down reduction


PARETO™ Wet-End Optimization

These savings resulted in preventing approximately 15,000 tons of CO2 from being released to the environment

Technology to deliver a controlled physical chemical reaction and optimal penetration into the process flow

Feed Liquid can be hot filtered process water rather than fresh water

Significantly minimizes machine breaks

Increased machine speed

PARETO Wet-End Optimization technology has saved (2008):

– One billion gallons of fresh water

– 440 billion BTU of energy


Results from a U.S. pharmaceutical plant

Benefit Description

Water Savings Wastewater reduction of 45,000 Gallons per day

Energy Savings Electrical: 7,731,000 kWhGas: 305,000 therms

Cost Savings Water Savings: $876,000Energy Savings: $367,000Total Savings: $1,243,000

Environmental Stewardship and LEED Green Building certification

In terms of LEED, the recommendations result in the equivalent savings of:17,150 tons of CO229,100 tons of NO725 tons of SO2

Equals planting 4,222 acres trees or removing pollution of 2,038 mid-sized cars

Emerging partnerships of diverse competencies provide a comprehensiveunderstanding of energy, water and other environmental savings.

We have a long way to go before we have exhausted sustainability efforts that improve industry profitability

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