enginesystems dieselengineanalyst parte2 130115174627 phpapp02
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Engine Works & Wears
Engine Wear
Combustion Process
Internal Components
External Components
Cooling System Lubrication System
Fuel System
Air System
Electronics
Single Fuel System
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Function of Fuel System
Meters the amount
of fuel to achieve
esire po!er
"egulates enginespee an timing
se#uence
$elps controlemissions
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Fuel System Operation
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Pump & Line
Current Scroll Fuel System New Scroll Fuel System
Sleeve Metering Fuel System (SMFS)
Program Electronic Engine Controls (PEEC)
%imeline
1988E
UI
1974
SFS
197! 198" 198! 199" 199! #""" #""!$re 197" 197"
1994
%EUI
1987
$EE
1981
UI
#""4
'ail
(ypes of Fuel Systems Unit Inection
MUI
EUI
!EUI
Common"ail(Single Fuel)198)
*SFS
197)
SFS
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Fuel +eli,ery - %istory
Pre&Combustion 'PC(
)irect In*ection ')I(
$re-om.ustion +irect In/ection$encil Style
+irect In/ectionUnit In/ector
Fuel 0ine
Fuel In/ector
lo2 $lug
%eat $lug $iston
Electrical Wire
Fuel In/ector%ousing
$re-om.ustion
Fuel 0ine
Fuel In/ector
$iston
*o33lessem.ly
ec5anicallyontrolle6Unit In/ector
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Filling egin
In/ection
ontinue
In/ection
En6
In/ection
arrel
$lunger
Slee,e
Fill $ort
Spill $ort
Slee,e etering Fuel System
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Scroll etering Fuel System
Pump + line governor
Fe! moving parts
Simple mechanical governor
Easy starting + serviceMore tolerant of irt
Economical
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A unit in*ector is positioneabove each cyliner
A mechanically actuate
governor controls fuel rate'scroll metere( !ithfly!eights an springs
%iming is fixe
UI System
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A unit in*ector ispositione above eachcyliner
An Electronic Control
Moule 'ECM( controlsfuel rate an timing
In*ectors aremechanically actuate bya camshaft
EUI System
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EUI - In/ector Fill
Without pressure fromthe roc,er arm- a
spring ,eeps the
plunger retracte
Fuel flo!s into the
in*ector through the
fill . spill port- past the
solenoi valve an into
the barrel
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EUI - In/ection
/n a signal from the
ECM- the solenoi
closes the fuel valve
Pressure elevates at
the tip to the 0-011 psi
neee to unseat the
valve
In*ection begins
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EUI - In/ection
Fuel continues to in*ect
until the ECM signals the
solenoi to open the valve
In*ection timing an
uration is controlle by the
ECM
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A unit in*ector is positione above each cyliner
An Electronic Control Moule
'ECM( controls fuel rate- timing- an in*ection pressure
%he in*ector is hyraulically
actuate
%EUI System
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at Fuel System Single Fuel
:
Fuel anifol6
$ump
In/ector
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Fuel System Wear & Failure auses
S5ort unit in/ector life 6ue to e;cessi,e a.rasi,e particles int5e fuel
Abrasive particles amage sealing surfaces causing lea,age of
high pressure fuel an lo! engine po!er
Abrasive particles are inherent in most fuels
Most particles can be remove by using $igh Efficiency filters
In/ector sei3ure 6ue to e;cess 2ater in t5e fuel
Al!ays small amounts of !ater in fuel- !hich is harmless
Excess !ater in fuel reuces the lubricating film strength of fuel
an causes sei2ure of the in*ector plunger an barrel
Maximum amount of allo!able !ater in fuel is 1345
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Fuel System Wear & Failure auses In/ector sticking or sei3ure 6ue to fuel o,er5eating
Fuel in the in*ector 6coo,s7 an prouces varnish !hich
causes components to stic, or sei2e
8iscosity of hot fuel is inae#uate an the fuel film
thic,ness !ill not provie ae#uate protection against
scuffing or sei2ure of the plunger an barrel
Fuel overheating can be cause by operating in extreme
ambient temperatures3 An auxiliary fuel cooler installe in
the fuel supply line to the cyliner heas may be re#uire
to limit fuel temperatures
"unning fuel tan, too lo!- or running out of fuel causes
the fuel to cycle through the engine too fre#uently an
becomes very hot3 %his can be avoie by ,eeping the
fuel tan, levels at 9 full or above
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Fuel System Wear & Failure auses
$oor
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Effect of Work En,ironment
)ust %emperature.Climate
$ours of continuous operation
%errain
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System Impro,ement
"euce system amage cause by fuel Water Separator
Primary Fuel Filter
:ypass Flo!
Minimi2e tip failure cause by aeration Maintain fuel supply pressure
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Stripping Out Water
Water Separator Secon line of efense
All free !ater
;
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'emo,ing 0arger +e.ris
Primary Fuel Filter 41= micron particle retention
prevents premature seconary
fuel filter plugging
protects fuel transfer pump
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'emo,e Fine .rasi,es
Seconary Fuel Filter > micron an larger
?;5 efficient
"euces !ear on fuel in*ectors an pumps
Essential for higher pressure systems Extens life of oler systems as !ell
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+ou.le Filter=+ou.le 0ife
Series filtration Secon filter 6safety net7
Secon filtering pass
Filter failure
& )ouble in*ector !ear life
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Engine Works & Wears
Engine Wear Combustion Process
Internal Components
External Components
Cooling System Lubrication System
Fuel System
Air System
Electronics
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ir Intake & E;5aust System Functions
Compresses the
inta,e air into the
cyliners in orer toprouct more po!er "emoves exhaust gases from the
cyliners an reuces exhaust noise
Provie ae#uate
#uantities of clean
filtere inta,e air
Inlet air from aircleaners
Exhaust out
:oost air at @11
& B11
Air manifol
Inlet air from aircleaners
From exhaust portsat cyliner heas
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ir System
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Precleaner
Air Filters
Filter ServiceInicator
%urbochargers
Aftercooler
Inta,e + ExhaustManifols
Muffler
ir System omponents
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ir System Operation
Flo!43 Precleaner>3 Air Filters
@3 %urbocharger
B3 Inta,e Manifol +
Cyliner $ea's(03 Combustion
Chamber
3 Exhaust Manifol
Wear %urbocharger
:earings
Seals
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ir System Wear & Failure auses
Single most common problem D ust ingestion Causes accelerate abrasive !ear of piston rings + liners
Most often cause by inlet lea,s aroun flexible *oints in
air inlet piping
May also be cause by efective.amage air filters- or
poor maintenance practices
Plugge air filters
%urbo failures
Coolant to air lea,s in the aftercooler
$yraulic loc,
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