enginesystems dieselengineanalyst parte2 130115174627 phpapp02

7/26/2019 Enginesystems Dieselengineanalyst Parte2 130115174627 Phpapp02

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Engine Works & Wears

Engine Wear

Combustion Process

Internal Components

External Components

Cooling System Lubrication System

Fuel System

Air System

Electronics

Single Fuel System


2/30

Function of Fuel System

Meters the amount

of fuel to achieve

esire po!er

"egulates enginespee an timing

se#uence

$elps controlemissions


3/30

Fuel System Operation


4/30

Pump & Line

Current Scroll Fuel System New Scroll Fuel System

Sleeve Metering Fuel System (SMFS)

Program Electronic Engine Controls (PEEC)

%imeline

1988E

UI

1974

SFS

197! 198" 198! 199" 199! #""" #""!$re 197" 197"

1994

%EUI

1987

$EE

1981

UI

#""4

'ail

(ypes of Fuel Systems Unit Inection

MUI

EUI

!EUI

Common"ail(Single Fuel)198)

*SFS

197)

SFS


5/30

Fuel +eli,ery - %istory

Pre&Combustion 'PC(

)irect In*ection ')I(

$re-om.ustion +irect In/ection$encil Style

+irect In/ectionUnit In/ector

Fuel 0ine

Fuel In/ector

lo2 $lug

%eat $lug $iston

Electrical Wire

Fuel In/ector%ousing

$re-om.ustion

Fuel 0ine

Fuel In/ector

$iston

*o33lessem.ly

ec5anicallyontrolle6Unit In/ector


6/30

Filling egin

In/ection

ontinue

In/ection

En6

In/ection

arrel

$lunger

Slee,e

Fill $ort

Spill $ort

Slee,e etering Fuel System


7/30

Scroll etering Fuel System

Pump + line governor

Fe! moving parts

Simple mechanical governor

Easy starting + serviceMore tolerant of irt

Economical


8/30

A unit in*ector is positioneabove each cyliner

A mechanically actuate

governor controls fuel rate'scroll metere( !ithfly!eights an springs

%iming is fixe

UI System


9/30

A unit in*ector ispositione above eachcyliner

An Electronic Control

Moule 'ECM( controlsfuel rate an timing

In*ectors aremechanically actuate bya camshaft

EUI System


10/30

EUI - In/ector Fill

Without pressure fromthe roc,er arm- a

spring ,eeps the

plunger retracte

Fuel flo!s into the

in*ector through the

fill . spill port- past the

solenoi valve an into

the barrel


11/30

EUI - In/ection

/n a signal from the

ECM- the solenoi

closes the fuel valve

Pressure elevates at

the tip to the 0-011 psi

neee to unseat the

valve

In*ection begins


12/30

EUI - In/ection

Fuel continues to in*ect

until the ECM signals the

solenoi to open the valve

In*ection timing an

uration is controlle by the

ECM


13/30

A unit in*ector is positione above each cyliner

An Electronic Control Moule

'ECM( controls fuel rate- timing- an in*ection pressure

%he in*ector is hyraulically

actuate

%EUI System


14/30

at Fuel System Single Fuel

:

Fuel anifol6

$ump

In/ector


15/30

Fuel System Wear & Failure auses

S5ort unit in/ector life 6ue to e;cessi,e a.rasi,e particles int5e fuel

Abrasive particles amage sealing surfaces causing lea,age of

high pressure fuel an lo! engine po!er

Abrasive particles are inherent in most fuels

Most particles can be remove by using $igh Efficiency filters

In/ector sei3ure 6ue to e;cess 2ater in t5e fuel

Al!ays small amounts of !ater in fuel- !hich is harmless

Excess !ater in fuel reuces the lubricating film strength of fuel

an causes sei2ure of the in*ector plunger an barrel

Maximum amount of allo!able !ater in fuel is 1345


16/30

Fuel System Wear & Failure auses In/ector sticking or sei3ure 6ue to fuel o,er5eating

Fuel in the in*ector 6coo,s7 an prouces varnish !hich

causes components to stic, or sei2e

8iscosity of hot fuel is inae#uate an the fuel film

thic,ness !ill not provie ae#uate protection against

scuffing or sei2ure of the plunger an barrel

Fuel overheating can be cause by operating in extreme

ambient temperatures3 An auxiliary fuel cooler installe in

the fuel supply line to the cyliner heas may be re#uire

to limit fuel temperatures

"unning fuel tan, too lo!- or running out of fuel causes

the fuel to cycle through the engine too fre#uently an

becomes very hot3 %his can be avoie by ,eeping the

fuel tan, levels at 9 full or above


17/30

Fuel System Wear & Failure auses

$oor


18/30


19/30

Effect of Work En,ironment

)ust %emperature.Climate

$ours of continuous operation

%errain


20/30

System Impro,ement

"euce system amage cause by fuel Water Separator

Primary Fuel Filter

:ypass Flo!

Minimi2e tip failure cause by aeration Maintain fuel supply pressure


21/30

Stripping Out Water

Water Separator Secon line of efense

All free !ater

;


22/30

'emo,ing 0arger +e.ris

Primary Fuel Filter 41= micron particle retention

prevents premature seconary

fuel filter plugging

protects fuel transfer pump


23/30

'emo,e Fine .rasi,es

Seconary Fuel Filter > micron an larger

?;5 efficient

"euces !ear on fuel in*ectors an pumps

Essential for higher pressure systems Extens life of oler systems as !ell


24/30

+ou.le Filter=+ou.le 0ife

Series filtration Secon filter 6safety net7

Secon filtering pass

Filter failure

& )ouble in*ector !ear life


25/30

Engine Works & Wears

Engine Wear Combustion Process

Internal Components

External Components

Cooling System Lubrication System

Fuel System

Air System

Electronics


26/30

ir Intake & E;5aust System Functions

Compresses the

inta,e air into the

cyliners in orer toprouct more po!er "emoves exhaust gases from the

cyliners an reuces exhaust noise

Provie ae#uate

#uantities of clean

filtere inta,e air

Inlet air from aircleaners

Exhaust out

:oost air at @11

& B11

Air manifol

Inlet air from aircleaners

From exhaust portsat cyliner heas


27/30

ir System


28/30

Precleaner

Air Filters

Filter ServiceInicator

%urbochargers

Aftercooler

Inta,e + ExhaustManifols

Muffler

ir System omponents


29/30

ir System Operation

Flo!43 Precleaner>3 Air Filters

@3 %urbocharger

B3 Inta,e Manifol +

Cyliner $ea's(03 Combustion

Chamber

3 Exhaust Manifol

Wear %urbocharger

:earings

Seals


30/30

ir System Wear & Failure auses

Single most common problem D ust ingestion Causes accelerate abrasive !ear of piston rings + liners

Most often cause by inlet lea,s aroun flexible *oints in

air inlet piping

May also be cause by efective.amage air filters- or

poor maintenance practices

Plugge air filters

%urbo failures

Coolant to air lea,s in the aftercooler

$yraulic loc,

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