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LESSON 1 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
1
Of: / əv/ De
Off: / ɒf/ Fuera
Dying: Moribundo
Shark: Tiburón
Teach: Enseñar
Taught: Pasado de Teach
Beans: Judías, Habas, Alubias
Duck: Pato
Lettuce: / Letis/ Lechuga
Peaches: Melocotones
Prawns: / Prɔ:nz/ Gambas
Salmon: /Saemən/ Salmón
Sausages: / Sɒsidʒiz/ Salchichas
Strawberry: Fresa
Strawberries: / Strɔ: bəriz/ Fresas
Fresh: Fresco
Frozen: Congelado
Home-made: Casero
Low –fat: Bajo en grasa
Raw: / Rɔ:/ Crudo
Spicy: /Spaisi/ Picante
Sweet: Dulce
Takeaway: Para llevar
Knife: /naif/ Cuchillo
Knives: / naivz/ Cuchillos
Fork: Tenedor
Dessert: / Di´zɜ:ts/ Postres
Spoon: Cuchara
Plate: Plato
Glass: Vaso
Main courses: /Mein kɔ:siz/ Primeros platos, principal
LESSON 1 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
2
Napkin: / naepkin/ Servilleta
Salt and pepper: Sal y pimienta
Starters: /Sta:tər/ Entremeses, entrantes
Prawns cocktail: Cóctel de gambas
Onion Soup: Sopa de cebolla
Grilled steak and chips: Filete a la parrilla con patatas
Salmon with boiled potatoes: Salmón con patatas cocidas
Strawberries and cream: Fresas con nata
Tiramisu: Tiramisú
Boiled rice: Arroz cocido o hervido
Roast chicken: Pollo asado
Baked potatoes: Patatas al horno
Grilled sausages: Salchichas a la parrilla
Fried eggs: Huevos fritos
Steamed vegetables: Verduras al vapor
Vegetables: /Vedʒitabl/ Verduras, vegetales
Fruit: Fruta
Meat: Carne
Fish: Pescado
Seafood: Marisco
Jam: Mermelada
Berries: Bayas
Tuna: Atún
Cod: Bacalao
Mustard: Mostaza
Soy Sauce: Salsa de soja
Beetroot: Remolacha
Cabbage: Repollo
Can: Lata
Jar: Jarro, bote
Beef: Vaca
Lamb: Cordero
LESSON 1 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
3
Coffee: Café
Wine: Vino
Thick: Espeso
Stew: Estofado
Pineapple: Piña
Chilli pepper: Guindilla
Haddock: Carne de pescado
Dressing: Aliño
Ranch: Salsa ranchera
Serving pies: Porción, ración de tarta
Carrot: Zanahoria
Olives: Aceitunas
Sardines: Sardinas
Octopus: Pulpo
Grapes: Uvas
Juice: Zumo
Peanuts: Cacahuetes
ACTION AND NON ACTTION VERBS: Los verbos que describen acciones (COOK, MAKE) pueden ser usados tanto en PRESENT SIMPLE como en PRESENT CONTINUOUS.
I´M MAKING THE LUNCH, I USUALLY MAKE THE LUNCH AT THE WEEKEND
WHAT ARE YOU COOKING TONIGHT? I´M MAKING PASTA GREAT! I REALLY LIKE PASTA. Los verbos que describen estados o sentimientos (no acciones) (LIKE, WANT, BE, LOVE, NEED) no son usados normalmente en PRESENT CONTINUOUS, incluso si significan “ahora”. Los verbos más comunes que no describen ACCIONES son: AGREE, BE, BELIEVE, BELONG, DEPEND, FORGET, HATE, HEAR, KNOW, LIKE, LOVE, MATTER, MEAN, NEED, PREFER, REALIZE, RECOGNIZE, REMEMBER, SEEM, SUPPOSE. Existen unos pocos verbos que tienen ACCIÓN Y NO ACCIÓN (HAVE, THINK) en su significado. I HAVE A BIG FLAT = POSSESION (NON ACTION) I CAN´T TALK NOW. I´M HAVING LUNCH = AN ACTIVITY (ACTION) I THINK THIS MUSIC´S GREAT = OPINION (NON ACTION) WHAT ARE YOU THINKING ABOUT? = (AN ACTION)
LESSON 1 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
4
Nuts: Frutos Secos
PRESENT SIMPLE AFIRMATIVO
PRESENT SIMPLE NEGATIVO
PRESENT SIMPLE INTERROGATIVO
ESTRUCTURA: I/ YOU/ WE /THEY + VERB
I usually WORK at home
HE/SHE/IT + VERB +S
Danny knowS me very well
ESTRUCTURA: I/ YOU/ WE /THEY + DO NOT + INFINITIVE VERB
Do not = Don´t
I don´t work
HE/SHE/IT + DOES NOT + VERB
DOES NOT= DOESN´T
He doesn´t work
ESTRUCTURA: AUX +SUBJECT + INFINITIVE
DO + I/YOU/WE /THEY + VERB
DO YOU WORK?
YES, I/YOU/WE/THEY DO
NO, I/YOU/WE/THEY DON´T
DOES HE/SHE /IT +VERB
DOES HE/SHE/IT WORK?
YES, HE/SHE/IT DOES
NO, HE/SHE/IT DOESN´T
LESSON 1 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
5
ADVERBS AND EXPRESSION OF FRECUENCY
QUESTIONS WITH AND WITHOUT AUXILIARIES
Cuando WHO, WHAT, WHICH, HOW MANY son el sujeto del verbo, en la pre-gunta no usamos el auxiliar (do/does/ did) y el verbo va en tercera persona. WHO WRITES THIER SONGS?
WHAT HAPPENED AFTER THE CONCERT?
WHICH COUNTRY WON EUROVISION SONG CONTEST?
Every day, once a week: van al final de la frase.
Always, usually, often, sometimes, hardy ever: antes del verbo principal y después del verbo be
ESTRCTURA DE LAS QUESTIONS WITH AUXILIAR: QUESTION WORD + AUXILIAR +SUBJECT + INFINITIVE (QUASI) OR AUXILIARY + SUBJECT + INFINITIVE (ASI)
WHO DID YOU SEE?
DO YOU LIKE MUSIC?
WHO DID YOU SEE? I SAW MARY
ESTRUCTURA DE LAS QUESTIONS WITHOUT AUXILIARY: QUESTION WORD + VERB IN PAST
SUJETO DE LA ORACIÓN: WHO, WHAT, WHICH, HOW MANY; WHICH se utiliza para seleccionar personas ó cosas.
WHO SAW YOU? MARY
WHAT HAPPENED? NOTHING
WHAT DID YOU DO? I DIN´T ANYTHING
WHO, WHAT SON EL SUJETO DE LA ORACION SI NO TENEMOS EL AUXILIAR.
HOW MANY PEOPLE COME TO THE PARTY? HOW MANY PEOPLE ES EL SUJETO DE ESTA PREGUNTA
LESSON 1 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
6
GOING TO: SUBJECT +BE + GOING TO + INFINITIVE ( PLANS AND PREDICTIONS) Usamos be going to + infinitive para hablar acerca de planes futuros y predicciones.
I´m going to work in the UK for six month (plan)
I think it´s going to rain this afternoon (prediction)
Cuando usamos going to go to podemos omitir to go
I ´m going to go to university next year ó I´m going to university next year.
GOING TO + INFINITIVE POSITIVE:
I ´m going to work in a restaurant
She´s going to meet me at the airport
GOING TO + INFINITIVE NEGATIVE:
We aren´t going to stay very long
He isn´t going to like the weather there
GOING TO + INFINITIVE INTERROGATIVE:
Are you going to find a job?
When is your brother going to visit you?
PRESENT CONTINUOUS: (FOR FUTURE ARRAGEMENTS) Utilizamos el present continuous para preparativos futuros, los cuales ya estaban planeados ó establecidos en el tiempo y lugar.
No se puede utilizar el present simple para hablar de futuro
El presente continuo (present continuous) es especialmente común utilizarlo con las expresiones: tonight, tomorrow, this weekend.
El present continuous se utiliza con estos verbos: go, come, see, leave y arrive.
AFIRMATIVE: I ´m seeing some friends tonight; We´re having dinner at their house tomorrow
NEGATIVE: She isn´t leaving until Friday; They aren´t coming to the party
INTERROGATIVE: What are you doing this evening? ; Is she meeting us at the cinema?
LESSON 1 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
7
Crab:/ Krach/ Cangrejo
Mussels:/ Mʌslz/Mejilones
Prawns: /Prɔ:nz/ Gambas
Salmon: /Saemən/ Salmón
Squid: / Skwid/ Calamar
Tuna: / ´Tju:nɔ/Atún
Beef: /Bi:f/ Carne de vaca
Chicken: /´tʃikin/ Pollo
Duck: /Dʌk/ Pato
Lamb: /Laem/ Cordero
Pork: / Pɔ:k/ Cerdo
Aubergine: /´əʊbeʒi:n/ Berenjena (Inglés Americano: Eggplant)
Beetroot: /´Bi:tru:t/ Remolacha
Cabbage: / ´Kaebidʒ/ Repollo, berza, col
Cherries: /´Tʃeriz/ Cerezas
Courgette: /Kɔ:´ʒet/Calabacín (Inglés Americano: Zucchini)
Cucumber: / ´Kju:kʌmbə/ Pepino
Grapes: /Greips/ Uvas
Green beans: /Gri:n bi:nz/ Judías verdes
Lemon: /Ləman/ Limón
Mango: /Maengəʊ/ Mango
Melon: /Melən/ Melón
Peach: /Pi:tʃ/ Melocotón
Pear: /Peə/Pera
Raspberries: /´Ra:zbəriz/ Frambruesas
Red pepper: /red ´pepə/ Pimiento rojo
Oily: /Ɔili/ Aceitoso, empalagoso, meloso
Head Chef: Chef
Spinach: Espinaca
Bill: Cuenta
Noodle: Fideos, tallarines
Ready- cooked: Comida precocinada
LESSON 1 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
8
Bit down: Desanimado
Low-fat: Bajo en grasa
Steak: /steik/ Filete
Well done: Bien/muy hecho
Medium: No muy hecho, en su punto
Rare: Poco hecho/cocido
Heat up: Calentar
Fat: Grasa
Soup: Sopa
Wholemeal: Integral
Dishes: Platos
Stew: Estofado
Portion: Porción
Strange: /streɪndʒ/ Raro, extraño
Eat out: Comer fuera
Honey: Miel
PAST SIMPLE
PAST SIMPLE NEGATIVE
ESTRUCTURA: VERB + ED
STAY – STAYED
LIKE – LIKED
WORK - WORKED
STOP - STOPPED
ESTRUCTURA: DID NOT OR DIDN´T + VERB INFINITIVE (con I/YOU/ SHE/HE/IT/WE / THEY)
I DIDN´T WORK
LESSON 1 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
9
PAST SIMPLE INTERROGATIVE
PAST CONTINUOUS AFIRMATIVE
PAST CONTINUOUS NEGATIVE�
PAST CONTINUOUS INTERROGATIVE
ESTRUCTURA: DID + SUBJECT + VERB
DID YOU STAY IN A HOTEL?
YES, I DID
NO, I DIDN´T
ESTRUCTURA: WAS + SUBJECT + VERB +ING
I/HE/SHE/IT + WAS+VERB+ ING
I WAS WORKING
YOU/WE/ THEY + WERE + VERB +ING
YOU WERE WORKING
ESTRUCTURA: WASN´T + SUBJECT + VERB +ING
I/HE/SHE/IT + WASN´T +VERB+ ING
I WASN´T WORKING
YOU/WE/ THEY + WERE + VERB +ING
ESTRUCTURA: WAS / WERE + SUBJECT + VERB +ING
WAS HE WORKING?
WERE THEY WORKING?
YES, HE WAS
NO, HE WASN´T
YES, THEY WERE
LESSON 1 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
10
Usamos el PAST CONTINUOUS para describir una acción en PROGRESO en un MOMENTO ESPECÍFICO EN EL PASADO.
AT SIX O´CLOCK LAST NIGHT I WAS DRIVING HOME
ON APRIL 1ST I WAS STAYING SOME FRIENDS IN THE COUNTRY
PAST SIMPLE OR PAST CONTINUOUS? WHEN I TOOK THE PHOTO, THEY WERE WRITING A SONG.
I WAS SITTING AT HOME WHEN I SAW THE NEWS ON TV.
Usamos el PAST SIMPLE para una ACCIÓN COMPLETA en el PASADO
I TOOK THE PHOTO/ I SAW THE NEWS
Usamos el PAST CONTINUOUS para UNA ACCIÓN EN PROGRESO en un MOMENTO ESPECÍFICO EN EL PASADO.
THEY WERE WRTING A SONG/ I WAS SITTING AT HOME
Bowl: / Bəʊl/ Bol, tazón
Cut out: Suprimir
Cut down: Reducir, disminuir
Light: Ligero
Carbohydrates: Hidratos de carbono
Entire: Entero, completo
Full: Completo, lleno
Miss: Echar de menos
Trifle: Postre hecho a base de capas de bizcocho, fruta, crema y nata.
Nightmare: Pesadilla
Step: Paso, pisada
Captain: /´Kaeptin/ Capitán
Coach: / Cəʊtʃ/ Entrenador
Fans: Afición, hinchas
Players: Jugadores
Referee: / Refə´ri:/ Árbrito
Spectators: Espectadores
Team: /Ti:m/ Equipo
Stadium: / Steidiəm/ Estadio
LESSON 1 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
11
Sport hall: Polideportivo, gimnasio
Circuit: / ´Sɜ:kit/ Circuito
Court: / Kɔ:t/ Pista
Golf Course: Campo de golf
Pitch: Campo de fútbol
Pool: Piscina
Slope: /Sləʊp/ Descenso
Track: /Traek/ Pista
Ski: /Ski:/ Esquiar
Motorcycling: /´məʊtə saɪklɪŋ/Motociclismo
Tennis: /´Tenis/ Tenis
Basketball: /ˈBɑːskɪtbɔːl/ Baloncesto
Football: /ˈFʊtbɔːl/ Fútbol
Rugby: / Rʌgbi/ Rugby
Hockey: /Hɒki/ Hockey
Swimming: /Swimin/ Natación, nadar
Diving: / ´Daivin/ Buceo
SPORTS VERBS:
Beat: Vencer
Win: Ganar
Lose: Perder
Draw: /Drɔ:/ Empatar
Team Talk: Charla técnica
Warm up: Calentamiento
Kick: Lanzar con el pie, patear
Pass: Pasar
Head: Cabecear
Shoot: Disparar (lanzar a puerta)
YOU WIN A MATCH, COMPETITION, MEDAL OR THROPY.
YOU BEAT ANOTHER TEAM OR PERSON.
LESSON 1 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
12
Score: Anotar, marcar
Miss: Echar fuera
Save: Parar, ahorrar, salvar
Tackle: Entrada, derribar
Foul: Falta
Free Kick: Falta directa
Corner: Córner
Penalty: Penalty
Goal: Portería
Dribble: Regatear
Do: Hacer
Train: Entrenar
Get injured: /´indʒəd/ Lesionarse
Get fit: Mantenerse en forma
Go: Ir
Play: Jugar
Archery: / ´ɑ:tʃeri/ Tiro con arco
Fencing: /fensin/ Esgrima
Cycling: Ciclismo
Golf: Golf
Baseball: Béisbol
Badminton: Badminton
Surfing: Surf
Wrestling: Lucha libre
Skiing: / ´Ski:in/ Esquiar
Shot putting: Lanzamiento de peso
Ice hockey: Hockey sobre hielo
Running: Correr
Show jumping: Salto equestre
Ice Skating: Patinaje sobre hielo
Field: Campo, cancha
Pitch: Campo de fútbol
LESSON 1 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
13
Ring: Cuadrilátero, ring
Rink: Pista de hielo
Table: Mesa
Pool: Piscina
Box: Caja
Circle: Circulo, corro
Bat: Bate
Racket: Raqueta
Net: Red
Puck: Disco
Gloves: Guantes
Stick: Palo
Goggles: Gafas protectoras
Wall: Pared
Shuttlecock: Volante, pluma
Target: Blanco, Diana
Wicket: Palo, aro
Boots: Botas
Club: / Klʌb/ Palo de golf
Tee: Tee
Basket: Canasta
Arrow: / aerəʊ/ Flecha
Gum shield: Protector bucal
Backboard: /ˈbækbɔːd/ Tablero
Skates: Patines
Cheat: /Tʃi:t/ Hacer trampas, tramposo
Goal: Gol
Show: Mostrar
Give: Dar
Partly: En parte
God: Dios
Hand: Mano
LESSON 1 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
14
Waiting: Esperando
Get: Conseguir, obtener
Medal: Medalla
Cheering: Animación, alentador, ovación
Crowd: Multitud
Suddendly: De pronto
Shout: Gritar
Banned: Prohibir, expulsar, inhabilitar
Hitting: Golpear
Against: Contra
Shocking: / ´Sɒkin/ Estremecedor, impactante
Sword:/ Sɔ:d/ Espada
Scoreboard: Tablero
Disgrace: Deshonra
LAS PARTES DEL CUERPO SIEMPRE VAN SEGUIDAS DE UN ADJETIVO POSESIVO
MARADONA SCORED A GOAL WITH HIS HAND
PAST PERFECT: HAD +PAST PARTICIPLE
Usamos el PAST PERFECT cuando hablamos acerca del pasado y quieras hablar de una acción cercana en el pasado.
WHEN THEY TURNED ON THE TV, THE MATCH HAD FINISHED
I FELT NERVOUS BECAUSE I HADN´T FLOWN BEFORE
LESSON 1 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
15
Nil: Cero (deportes)
Quit: Parar
USING NARRATIVE TENSES TOGETHER: WHEN JOHN ARRIVED, THEY HAD DINNER (PRIMERO LLEGÓ JOHN, DESPUÉS CENARON) SECUENCIACIÓN
WHEN JOHN ARRIVED, THEY WERE HAVING DINNER (CUANDO LLEGÓ JOHN, ESTABAN CENANDO) ACCIÓN EN PROGRESO
WHEN JOHN ARRIVED, THEY HAD HAD DINNER (HABÍAN CENADO CUANDO JOHN LLEGÓ).
GRAMMATICAL RULES: 1. Para formar el PASADO SIMPLE de los verbos regulares, añadimos la
terminación ED al verbo.
WANT: WANTED, LEARN: LEARNED, STAY: STAYED, WALK: WALKED, SHOW: SHOWED
2. Para los verbos que terminan en E sólo añadimos D. CHANGE: CHANGED, BELIVE: BELIEVED
3. Si el verbo termina en una vocal corta y una consonante (EXCEPTO “Y” O “W”) doblamos la consonante final. STOP: STOPPED, COMMIT: COMMITED
4. Con verbos que terminan en una sola consonante y una “y” cambiamos la “y” por una “i”. STUDY: STUDIED TRY: TRIED
PRONUNCIATION:
Pronunciamos la terminación ED dependiendo de la letra que va al final del infinitivo. En general la E es MUDA
1. Con los infinitivos que terminan en “P”, “F”, “K” o “S” (Consonantes sordas excepto “T” pronunciamos la terminación ED como una “T” (LOOKED, KISSED, SHOPPED, PICKED, WISHED, CRUNCHED)
2. Con los infinitivos que terminan en “B”, “G”, “L”, “M”, “N”, “ V”, “Z” (Consonantes sonoras excepto “D”) o una vocal, pronunciamos la terminación ED como una D ( YELLED, CLEANED, LIVED, CHILLED, ENJOYED, TRIED)
3. Con los infinitivos que terminan en “D” o “ T” pronunciamos la E como una “i” (NEEDED, HATED, DATED, STEATED, ENDED, WAITED)
LESSON 1 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
16
Brush: Limpiarse, cepillarse los dientes
Comb: Peinarse
Iron: Planchar, plancha
Pick up: Recoger
Receipt: Factura
Peak: Cima, cumbre
Facilities: Instalaciones
Career: /Kə´riə/ Carrera
DO YOU LIKE SPORTS? WHAT SPORT (S) DO YOU PLAY?
HAVE YOU EVER WON A CUP OR A THROPY?
HAVE YOU EVER BEEN INJURED DOING SPORT?
DO YOU PREFER DOING SPORT OR BEING A SPECTATOR?
DO YOU PREFER WATCHING INDIVIDUAL OR TEAM SPORT?
DO YOU WATCH A LOCAL SPORT TEAM?
ARE THERE GOOD SPORTS FACILITIES IN YOUR TOWN?
IS THERE ANY SPORT YOU´D LIKE TO LEARN TO PLAY WELL?
HOW MANY HOURS DO YOU SPEND A WEEK WATCHING SPORT ON TV?
WHAT SPORTS DO / DID YOU HAVE TO DO AT SCHOOL?
DO /DID YOU ENJOY IT?
DO YOU DO ANY SPORT IN YOUR FREE TIME?
DO YOU THINK YOU´RE FIT? WOULD YOU LIKE TO GET FITTER?
DO YOUR FAMILY AND FRIENDS LIKE SPORT?
IS THERE ANY SPORT YOU DON´T MIND WATCHING ON TV?
WHAT SPORT DO YOU HATE WATCHING MOST ON TV?
HAVE YOU EVER BEEN TO A BIG SPORTING OCCASION?
DO YOU THINK PHYSICAL EDUCATION SHOULD BE OPTIONAL AT SCHOOL?
LESSON 1 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
17
Crowd: /Kraʊd/ Multitud
Jockey: /´Dʒɒki/ Jokey
Race: / Reis/ Carrera
Ban: /Baen/ Prohibir
Protest: / Prə´test/ Protestar
Retire: / Ri´taiə/ Retirarse
Whistle: Pitido
Peak: /Pi:k/ Cima, cumbre
Loss: Pérdida
Comeback: Regreso, retorno
Failure: / Feiliər/ Fracaso
Fail: Fracasar
Successful: Exitoso
Fulfil: Realizarse
Saddest: Lamentable
Develvop: Desarrollar
Disease: Enfermedad
Shot: Disparar
Sadly: Tristemente, desafortunadamente
Depresssed: Deprimido
Depression: Depresión
Glamorous: Glamuroso
Glamour: Encanto, glamour
Lose: / Lu:z/ Perder
Recognize: Identificar, reconocer
Recognition: Reconocimiento, identificación
Retirement: /Ri´taiəment/ Retiro, jubilación
Couple: Pareja
Partner: /ˈpɑːtnəʳ/ Compañero
Fiancé: Prometido, novio
Fiancée: Prometida, novia
Colleague: Compañero de trabajo
LESSON 1 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
18
Close friend: Amigo íntimo
Classmate: Compañero o amigo del colegio o de la escuela
Meet: Conocerse por primera vez
Get to know: Conocer a alguien
Become friends: Hacerse amigo
Have common: Tener en común
Go out together: Salir juntos
Be together: Estar juntos
Break up: Romper
Lose touch: Perder de vista
Get in touch: Contactar con
Get on: Llevarse bien con
Propose: Proponer
Get married: Casarse
Engaged: Comprometido
Straightaway: Enseguida
Great-grandparents: Bisabuelos
Great-great-grandparents: Tatarabuelos
Cousins: Primos
Couples: Parejas
Stepmother: Madrastra
Half-brothers: Hermanastros, medio hermanos
Single-parent families: Familias monoparentales
In-laws: Familia política
Relatives: Parientes
Extended family: Familia amplia
Siblings: Hermanos y hermanas
Parents: Padres
Spouse: Cónjuge
Child: Hijo/a
Uncle: Tío
Aunt: Tía
LESSON 1 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
19
GOING TO: SUBJECT +BE + GOING TO + INFINITIVE ( PLANS AND PREDICTIONS) Usamos be going to + infinitive para hablar acerca de planes futuros y predicciones.
I´m going to work in the UK for six month (plan)
I think it´s going to rain this afternoon (prediction)
Cuando usamos going to go to podemos omitir to go
I ´m going to go to university next year ó I´m going to university next year.
GOING TO + INFINITIVE POSITIVE:
I ´m going to work in a restaurant
She´s going to meet me at the airport
GOING TO + INFINITIVE NEGATIVE:
We aren´t going to stay very long
He isn´t going to like the weather there
GOING TO + INFINITIVE INTERROGATIVE:
Are you going to find a job?
When is your brother going to visit you?
PRESENT CONTINUOUS: (FOR FUTURE ARRAGEMENTS) Utilizamos el present continuous para preparativos futuros, los cuales ya estaban planeados o establecidos en el tiempo y lugar.
No se puede utilizar el present simple para hablar de futuro
El presente continuo (present continuous) es especialmente común utilizarlo con las expresiones: tonight, tomorrow, this weekend.
El present continuous se utiliza con estos verbos: go, come, see, leave y arrive.
AFIRMATIVE: I ´m seeing some friends tonight; We´re having dinner at their house tomorrow
NEGATIVE: She isn´t leaving until Friday; They aren´t coming to the party
INTERROGATIVE: What are you doing this evening? ; Is she meeting us at the cinema?
LESSON 1 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
20
WILL /WON´T + INFINITIVE (PREDICCIONES) AFIRMATIVE:
I/ YOU/HE/SHE/ IT/ WE/ THEY + WILL BE+ WORD
I´LL BE LATE
NEGATIVE:
I/ YOU/HE/SHE/ IT/ WE / THEY + WON´T BE+ WORD
I WON´T BE LATE
Usamos WILL/WON´T + INFINITIVE para predicciones en el futuro. Pero también podemos utilizar going to.
CONTRACCIONES: I´LL = I WILL; WON´T= WILL NOT
El futuro de there is/are es there will be
El future de I can es I´ll be able to
INTERROGATIVE:
WILL I/YOU/HE/SHE/IT/WE/THEY BE LATE?
YES, I/YOU/HE/SHE/IT/WE/THEY WILL
NO, /YOU/HE/SHE/IT/WE/THEY WON´T
WILL/ WON´T + INFINITIVE: PREDICTIONS:
We will live on the moon in the future
It will rain at Christmas
It will be very cold this winter
Will it rain this winter?
It won´t rain (will not)
PROMISES:
(I promise) I´ll do it
OFFERS:
I´ll carry it for you
I´ll do it for you
I´ll help you
INSTANT DECISION (AT THE MOMENT OF SPEAKING): Tomar la decisión en ese momento
I´ll have roast beef
I´ll clean the car
LESSON 1 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
21
SHALL: Usamos SHALL …? OR SHALL WE…? Cuando el ofrecimiento es una pre-gunta. Shall I pay?
Shall we call you tonight at 7.00?
PRESENT SIMPLE: �Lo usamos con cosas que ocurren siempre o normalmente
I live in the city centre
She doesn´t smoke
PRESENT CONTINUOUS: Lo usamos para cosas que están ocurriendo ahora o en un futuro cercano
He´s looking for a new job
I´m leaving tomorrow
�PAST SIMPLE: Lo usamos con acciones acabadas en el pasado
We saw a good film last night
We didn´t do anything yesterday
PAST CONTINUOUS: Lo usamos con acciones que están en progreso en un tiempo pasado
He was working in Paris
What were you doing at 7.00?
GOING TO + INFITIVE: Lo usamos para planes futuros y predicciones
I´m going to see Tom tonight;
It ´s going to rain
WILL/WON´T + INFINITIVE: Lo usamos para predicciones, decisiones tomadas en ese momento, ofrecimientos y promesas
You´ll love New York, I´ll phone her later, I´ll help you, I´ll pay you back tomorrow
LESSON 1 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
22
Grandfather: Abuelo
Grandmother: Abuela
Nephew: Sobrino
Niece: Sobrina
Grandson: Nieto
Granddaughter: Nieta
Half-sister: Hermanastra, medio hermana
Step-father: Padrastro
Sister in law: Cuñada
Brother in law: Cuñado
Ex-husband: Exmarido
Ex-wife: Exmujer
Step-son: Hijastro
Step-daughter: Hijastra
About: Acerca, sobre
Board: Tablón
Frighten: Asustar
Hear: Oír
Playground: Juegos, parque infantil
Rude: Grosero
Rules: Norma, decreto, ley
Said: Decir
See: Ver
Spend: Gastar, pasar el tiempo
Suburb: Barrrio residencial, periférico, suburbio
Told: Contar
Towards: Hacia
Under: Debajo
Waste: Derrochar, despilfarrar, malgastar, perder
Bring up: Criar
Cool: Guay, tranquila, de moda
LESSON 1 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
23
Spiky: Con puntas, puntiagudo
Kids: Niños/as
Age gap: Diferencia de edad
Make it up: Inventar
Poor: Pobre, humilde
Pinch: Pellizcar, pellizco
Criticized: Criticar
Very close: Muy íntimo, cercano
Blame: Culpar, culpa
Jealous: / Dʒeləs/ Celoso
Ambitious: Ambicioso
Generous: Generoso
Sociable: / ´Səʊʃəbl/ Sociable
Reliable: Responsable, fiable
Responsible: Responsable
Sensible: Sensato
Competitive: Competitivo
Talkative: Hablador
Aggressive: Agresivo
Sensitive: Sensible
Unfriendly: Antipático
Insecure: Inseguro
Impatient: Impaciente
Selfish: Egoista
Quiet: Tranquilo
Introvert: Introvertido
Charming: Encantador
Spoilt: Consentido
Self-confident: Seguro
Independent: Independiente
Affectionate: /ə´fekʃənət/ Cariñoso, afectuoso
Bossy: Mandón, autoritario
LESSON 1 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
24
Manipulative: Manipulador
Moody: Malhumorado
Extrovert: Extrovertido
Hard-working: Trabajador
Mean: Tacaño, mezquino
Stupid: Estúpido, soso
Clever: Listo, inteligente
Lazy: Perezoso
Shy: Tímido
Honest: /´ɒnist/ Honesto
Imaginative: Imaginativo, creativo
Kind: Amable
Organized: Organizado, eficiente, ordenado
Patient: / ´Peiʃnt/ Paciente
Tidy: / ´ Taidi/ Ordenado
You´re kidding: Me tomas el pelo
I don´t believe it: No lo creo
Really?: ¿De verdad?
That´s great news: Buenas noticias
How fantastic!: Genial
What a great idea: Estupenda idea
Oh, no!: Oh, no
What a pity: Qué pena/lástima
Never mind: No importa
HOW + ADJETIVE, WHAT + NOUN:
Solemos usar a menudo How + adjetive or What + noun para responder a lo que la gente dice.
HOW INTERESTING!, HOW AWFUL!, HOW AMAZING!
WHAT A PITY!, WHAT A GREAT IDEA!, WHAT TERRIBLE NEWS!
LESSON 1 ENGLISH INTERMEDIATE
25
Amazing: Sorprendente
Mom: Mamá (inglés Americano)
Mum: Mamá (Inglés Británico)
Apartment: Piso, apartamento (Inglés Americano)
Flat: Piso (Inglés Británico)
Finds Out: Encontrar, obtener información
Nutritionist: Nutricionista, dietista
Jam: Mermelada
Hardly: Apenas
Rejects: Rechazar, marginar, cosa defectuosa
Slice: Rebana, rodaja, tajada
Refuse: Negarse, rechazar
Solid: Solido
Cake: Tarta
Skimmed: Desnatada
Spread: Extender
Crave: Anhelar, ansíar
Choking: Ahogarse, atragantarse
In advance: De antemano
Check: Asegurarse
Bring: Traer
Protein: Proteinas
YOU KNOW, I MEAN: Son frases que te dan tiempo para pensar en lo que dirás después.
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