enlightenment
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Enlightenment
Lesson 1: Philosophy in the Age of Reason
Chapter 5.1
Describe how scientific progress promoted
trust in human reason. Explain how the social contract and separation
of powers affected views on government Outline how new ideas affected society and
the economy
Objectives
Enlightenment thinkers tried to apply the law
as of nature to human society. Their political ideas included the concepts of natural rights, separation of powers, checks and balances, and Freedom of thought. Their economic ideas included the policies of laissez faire and a free market.
Big Idea
Please complete the “Do Now” activity on your
daily notes sheet.
Warm up
What is the role of government in
our life?
How did government change throughout modern history?
Focus Questions
Government during
the Middle Ages Absolutism The “divine right of rule” The feudal system
Progress and Reason
Scientific Revolution 1500s & 1600s
Advancements in the 1700s Joseph Priestley Antoine Lavoisier Edward Jenner-
small pox
Natural Laws Enlightenment
Think-Pair-Share
How did the achievements of the Scientific Revolution contribute to the Enlightenment?
Social Contract
Hobbes Leviathan
People are naturally cruel, greedy and selfish
Social contract Gave up state of
nature for an organized society
Locke People are basically
reasonable & moral Natural Rights
Life, liberty, property
Two Treatises of Government Govt to protect natural
rights People have the right
to overthrow the govt
Think-Pair-Share
Who do you agree with more- Locke or Hobbes? Why.
Separation of Powers
Montesquieu 1700s Studied Euro govts
Spirit of Laws 3 branches-
Legislative, Executive, Judicial Checks and
balances
Philosophes (“lovers of
Wisdom”) Voltaire
Francois-Marie Arouet Targeted corrupt
officials and idle aristocrats
Battled inequality, injustice and superstition
Freedom of speech Exiled
Denis Diderot 28-volume Encyclopedia
Govt, philosophy, religion Articles by leading thinkers Denounced slavery, praised
freedom of expression, urged edu
Critics Govt- attack on public
morals Catholic Church
Philosophes
Rousseau Poor upbringing People in their natural
state are basically good
The Social Contract Some controls
needed, but minimal freely elected govts
Community above individual
Women
Salon Activity Women and Enlightenment Limited rights Excluded from Social
Contract Germaine de Stael Catharine
Macaulay Mary
Wollstonecraft A Vindication of the
Rights of Women
New Economic
Thinking Physiocrats- focus on
economic reports, looking at rational laws to define economic system
Laissez-Faire Business operates
w/little to no govt
Adam Smith British economist The Wealth of Nations
Manufacturing, trade, wages, profits, and econ growth linked to supply and demand
Govt duty to protect society, administer justice, provide public works
Activity
Think of ways to remember the other philosophes. The cornier the better!!!
Closure
How did the new economic thinking reflect Enlightenment?
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