enzymes a special type of protein. a. enzymes aalmost all enzymes are protein catalysts made by...

ENZYMESA Special Type of Protein

A. Enzymes Almost all enzymes are protein

catalysts made by living organisms (like us!)→Catalysts can change rate or speed of chemical reaction without being consumed or destroyed

+catalaseH2O2Hydrogen peroxide

(liq)

H2OWater (liq)

O2Oxygen

(gas)

(found in human and bacterial cells)

+

→Speeds up favorable reactions by reducing activation energy needed for a chemical reaction to beginoActivation energy: energy needed to start chemical reaction (EA)♦Example: to get boulder rolling down the hill, must first push it = activation energy –Activation energy MUST be supplied for all chemical reactions to occur

Enzymes Create Energy Needed to Run Reaction

+EA

H2O2 H2O O2

→Enzyme acts on chemical called substrate which binds to enzyme, causing chemical reaction to take place ♦ involved in almost all metabolic

or chemical processes

Catalase Example+catalaseH2O2

Hydrogen peroxide

(liq)

H2OWater (liq)

O2Oxygen

(gas)

SUBSTRATE

ENZYME

PRODUCT

Enzyme/Substrate = Lock/Key

Only ONE enzyme attaches to ONE specific substrate to power the reaction – just like a lock, it never gets destroyed.

lock enzyme

keysubstrate

♦ any factor that changes shape of enzyme can affect enzyme activity:1. substrate concentration

B. Enzyme Activity = Speed of Reaction

2. temperature range◦ Each enzyme works best at a specific temperature.

Temperature extremes will denature or destroy an enzyme.

3. pH range>out of range will change enzyme, reducing effectiveness

http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab2/ph.html

The END

HOMEWORK◦p. 42 DATA LAB #1-5◦P. 42 #1-6