er: extensive reading/effective reading

ER: Extensive

Reading/Effective Reading

© 2014 Marc Helgesen march@mgu.ac.jpMay be used for not-for-profit educational purposes but please acknowledge the source.

Look at the notes for the slides for extra information. This version was modified to use in Indonesia. Some pictures were altered for modesty out of respect for the audience. If anything is not appropriate for your audience, feel free to modify it.

Most artwork from www.clipart.comUsed with permission.

Extensive Reading

Marc Helgesen© 2013

OK to use for non-commercial

purposes

E R

Extensive Reading

Effective Reading

reading a lot of easy, enjoya

ble books.

ER:

All you can…

Which gives pleasure long-term?And which is actually good for you?

Intensive Extensive

Slow FastSkill building Fluency building (skim, scan, study)

Test focus Pleasure focus

Intensive Extensive

Intensive Extensive

Intensive Extensive

Intensive Extensive

Intensive Extensive

Intensive Extensive

Intensive Extensive

Intensive Extens e

Slow FastSkill building Fluency building

Test focus Pleasure focus

Many classes lack

balance

Many classes lack

balance

What is

Extensive

Reading?

reading a lot of easy, enjoya

ble books.

ER:

The benefits of ER

Increasedreading

ability

IncreasedReading

ability

The benefits of ER

+ affect & motivation

IncreasedReading

ability

The benefits of ER

+ vocabulary

• Increased affect/motivation»

Elley ‘91, Cho & Krashen ’94, Rodrigo ‘95

• Improved vocabulary» Rodrigo ‘95, Haifiz & Tudor ’90,

• Improved listening ability IncreasedReading

ability

The benefits of ER

+ listening ability

IncreasedReading

ability + speaking ability

The benefits of ER

IncreasedReading

ability + spelling

The benefits of ER

IncreasedReading

ability

The benefits of ER

facilitates acquisition

The benefits of ER.

Your love life improves. Your skin clears up.You win the lottery.

You find the meaning of life. Or at least you could read about those things.

You lose weight.

reading a lot of easy, enjoya

ble books.

ER:

reading a lot of easy, enjoya

ble books.

ER:

reading Time spent reading.

not answering questionswriting reportstranslating

reading a lot of easy, enjoya

ble books.

ER:

a lot

a lot

reading a lot of easy, enjoya

ble books.

ER:

The macho maxim of reading

No reading pain,no reading gain.No reading pain,no reading gain.

ER

Easy is good

It is just like..

If the books are too difficult, it isn’t extensive reading.

Standing in a garage

does not make you a car.does not make you a car.

Easy is good

Easy is good

EasyComprehensible input (Krashen)

i + 1

Reading fluency level (Day)

i minus 1

Easy

…builds speed…builds fluency

…builds understanding

The need for speed

When

you

read

slowly,

one

word

at

a

time,

as

you

are

doing

now,

it

is

easy

to

understand

the

meaning

of

each

word,

but

it

is

very

difficult

to

understand

the

real

meaning

of

the

text.

When you read slowly, one word at a time,as you are doing now, it is easy to understand the meaning of each word, but it is very difficult to understand the real meaning of the text.

The need for speed

Read slowly

Don’t enjoyreading

Don’tread much

Don’tunderstandmuch

Read faster

Enjoy reading

Readmore

Understandmore

Note to teachers:“The need for speed” isAvailable in these languages atwwwerfoundation.org

EnglishArabicBahasaItalianJapaneseKoreanSpanish

How fast?

Based on the review of literatureon the issue of adequate readingrates, I have set class goals at 200 words per minute. This has proven to be a reasonable goal to

work toward without being too overwhelming to students. - Neil Anderson Brigham Young University Past President, TESOL

Easy is good

reading a lot of easy, enjoya

ble books.

ER:

enjoyable Their interests

Self-selectedLike L1 reading

reading a lot of easy, enjoya

ble books.

ER:

books How do we

bring the booksback to class?

SSRSustained

Silent Reading (You too.)

SSRSit

Still & Read

Instant book reportI read (am reading) a book called ____.It's a(n) _______________ (mystery, science fiction book,

love story, detective story, etc.)

It's about ______________.The main characters are ____________.

(names, jobs, personalities)

In the story, there was a problem. ____.

I liked/didn't like it because _______.

Marc’s note to teachers: if you are going to present this, I suggest you replace the previous slide with one about a book you’ve read recently.

• Thni

Thinktime

Thinktime

Thinktime

Thinktime

What do I want to say?

How will I say it?

Instant book reportI read (am reading) a book called ____.It's a(n) _______________ (mystery, science fiction book,

love story, detective story, etc.)

It's about ______________.The main characters are ____________.

(names, jobs, personalities)

In the story, there was a problem. ____.

I liked/didn't like it because _______.

Show a picture

Explain it.Partners, ask (5)question.

My top five• What are the five best books you read this term/year? Why?

My teacher Romeo

Myself Juliet

Want thesetask sheets?

Dictation

tinyurl.com/MHExRead

What about assessment?

ER is for reading practice.It isn’t always necessary

to assess them.

- Rob Waring

Mental Rehearsal

Practice:speak silently or softly

Barrett’s TaxonomyLevels of comprehension

1 Literal (lowest)

2 Reorganization 3 Inference 4 Evaluation 5 Appreciation

A few questions about questions:

What arewe testing,

really?

Reading Comprehension Check:

The glorfs drebbled quarfly.

Reading Comprehension Check:

The glorfs drebbled quarfly.

Q1a. (grammar analysis)Which word is the subject?

A: glorfs

Reading Comprehension Check:

The glorfs drebbled quarfly.

Q1b. (grammar analysis)Which is the verb?

A: drebbled

Reading Comprehension Check:

The glorfs drebbled quarfly.

Q1c. (grammar analysis)What is the tense?

A: past (simple)

Reading Comprehension Check:

The glorfs drebbled quarfly.

Q1d. (grammar analysis)What part of speech is

“quarfly”?

A: adverb

Reading Comprehension Check:

The glorfs drebbled quarfly.

Q2. (meaning-based)What did the glorfs do?

A: They drebbled.

Reading Comprehension Check:

The glorfs drebbled quarfly.

Q3. (meaning-based)How did they do it?

A: Quarfly.

Congratulations

You correctly answeredquestions about a sentencethat has NO meaning.

Mental Rehearsal

Practice:speak silently or softly

Barrett’s TaxonomyLevels of comprehension

1 Literal (lowest)

2 Reorganization 3 Inference 4 Evaluation 5 Appreciation

Reading notebooksMy Reading

Reading for pleasureReaction Report - Basic

Include: • what the book was about • what you thought of it)

Write quickly.10 minutes or less.

What happened?------------------Your opinion:

Good Average Poor Good Average Poor

Reading for pleasureReaction Report – Draw a picture

1. Draw a picture of a scene from the story. Don’t copy a picture. Draw one from your imagination.

------------------2. Explain your picture. What is happening? What happened before this picture? What happened next?

3. Your opinion. What did you think of the book? Good Average Poor

A few questions about questions:

When do students see

the questions?

YOU THINK YOU’RE PRETTY SHARP. DON’T YOU

You may not be as sharp as you think

How many points were

on the badge?

FourEight SixWhat’s the point?

How many points were

on the badge?

Six

The answer:

Who is taller?

The purple clay figureThe white clay figure The yellow clay figureYour boss

Who is taller?

The white clay figure

The answer:

Who nods first?

The white clay figureThe yellow clay figure Neither They both nod at the

same time

Who nods first?

They both nod at the same time

The answer:

Was the time on the watch

accurate? Yes There was no watchWe have no

way of knowingYes, but only on

the west coast

Was the timeon the watch

accurate?

There was no watch

The answer:

A question about questions:

When do students see

the questions?

Before they read

Reaction Report - Your own questions

Before you read. Look through the book. Find 3 pictures. Write a different question about each. Write 3 questions.)• page Q1:

• page Q2:

------------------Your opinion:

Good Average Poor

After you read, answer your questions Reaction Report: What was the book about?

What happened?

Reaction Report - The story and you

Think about the story. What happened?What was the same as your life? Your character? Your dreams? What is different?. The story. My life.

------------------Your opinion:

Good Average Poor

Reaction Report - The story and you

Think about the story. What happened?What was the same as your life? Your character? Your dreams? What is different?. The story. My life.

------------------Your opinion:

Good Average Poor

How did you learn to read?

Extensive Reading & Listening

Use theCD/Mp3

Extensive Reading & Listening

Dramatic reading

Extensive Reading & Listening

Marc’s noteto teachers: For the next slide, I do a

dramatic reading as an example.

The next side is for Hitchcock’s Psycho.

Extensive Reading & Listening

Dramatic reading

Extensive Reading & Listening

Use theCD/Mp3

Extensive Reading & Listening

DVDsEnglish with

English subtitles

Extensive Reading & Listening

Extensive Reading & Listeningon the web

Music videos Youtube: lyrics

Music:videos & Google: “song title” lyrics

Internet resouceser-central.comvoanews.com

bbc.co.uk

3 Rules for ER

1. No dictionaries.2. If you don’t know a word, ignore

it.3. If it’s boring, stop reading.

Sakai KunihiroDenki Tsushin Univ., Tokyo

1. No dictionariesThey cause frustration.They don’t help you remember.

Choose books you can enjoy without a dictionary!

The baseball rule

Strike #1. Don’t worry.

Just skip it.

The baseball rule

Strike #2. Guess.

The baseball rule

Strike #3. Look it up in

your dictionary.

2. If you don’t know a word, ignore it!

Concentrate on what you DO know.Read faster, and read more.

Choose books you can enjoy skipping through!

3. If it’s boring, stop readingDon’t try too hard.There are many other books.Stop reading. Chose a different book.

www.erfoundation.org

Free. Available in

several languages.

DIY – Do it yourself. • Think of the ideas from today’s workshop.

• How will you use them in a class next week?

Comedian Groucho Marx:

- Groucho Marx

Outside of a dog, a book is man’s best friend.

a person’s

Inside a dog, It’s too dark to read

Why ER?Research is clear.

Statistics are convincing.Methodology is valid.

Research is clear. Statistics are convincing.Methodology is valid.

But most of us don’t teach research, statistics or methodology

We teach people.

Thank you.