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ES 102: Lecture 1
Bireswar Das and Shivakumar Jolad
IIT Gandhinagar, India
August 27, 2013
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 1 / 27
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Course Info
Course Instructors
Prof. Bireswar Das (S4 -218) : bireswar@iitgn.ac.in
Prof. Shivakumar Jolad (S4-207) : shiva.jolad@iitgn.ac.in
Class Timings
Section C1 (Bireswar Das): Mon : 8-10AM, Th :11AM-1PM
Section: C2 (Shivakumar Jolad ) Tue: 3-5PM, Wed:8-10AM
Class room: Shed 3 - Computer lab
Class webpagehttp://piazza.com/iitgn.ac.in/fall2013/es102/home
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 3 / 27
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Academic Honor
Academic Honor PolicyAny student participating in any form of academic dishonesty and malpractice will besubject to sanctions as described in the institute’s policy on academic dishonesty.
Copying in Assignments/Quizzes/Exams will result in 0 points and may face other
disciplinary action.
Adherence to deadlinesDeadlines for assignments are strictly enforced. No extension will be given unless there is
health issue, family emergency or participating in an external academic/sports event
outside IITGN campus. In the last case, permission has to be taken in advance.
Attendance policyAttendance policy: Students who attend class regularly are most likely to succeed in the
course. In addition, portions of the material presented may not be in the textbook.
Attendance will be taken at random but frequent intervals.
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 4 / 27
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Course Credits
Quizzes : 4 quizzes, 12.5% each(Some of the quizzes may be surprise quizzes)
Mid-sem : 20%
End-sem : 30%
Project (optional for extra credit): 5 Marks.Should be done in groups of 5
Passing : Cumulative 40% or more
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 5 / 27
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Course contents
Basics of Computers, Operating System, Languages, Compilers,Interpreter.
A quick introduction to Linux operating system: Terminal, usefulcommands;
Programming Environments: Interactive interpreter, Scripts, IDE;Syntax, identifier, variables, operators.
Control flow: conditional, loops. Data types: Numbers, strings,lists/arrays etc. Functions: Scope of variables.
Recursions; Modular and Object oriented programming for solvingcomputational problems;
Scientific computation: data visualization, curve fitting.
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 6 / 27
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Outline
ComputersI Hardware
F Basic AchitectureF StorageF Input output devices
I SoftwareF ProgrammingF Operating system
ComputationI What is computationI Computation in Real WorldI Computer ScienceI Human Computer Interaction
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 7 / 27
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Computer: Hardware
Microprocessor (CPU, ALU),BUS
Memory: RAM, ROM
Storage memory: Harddrive, Flash drive, CD ROM,DVD etc
Input devices: Keyboard,Mouse, Touch screen
Output devices: Displaymonitor, Audio
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 9 / 27
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Computer Architecture
CPU central processing unit/microprocessor: Fetches and executesinstructions.
I Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU).I Control Unit.I Internal clock- Timing, synchronization
Main memory: Holds instructions and data.I RAM: Random Access Memory. Volatile.I ROM: Read Only Memory.
Input/Output Devices: Keyboard, Monitor, Hard disk, USB.
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 11 / 27
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Memory
Memory (both RAM and ROM) can beview as a sequence of cells.
Each cell has a unique address.
Addresses are consecutive.
Each variable, array gets certainnumber of memory cells to store therespective values.
General Introduction to computingwww.ch.embnet.org/CoursEMBnet/Pages05/slides/IntroCompute.ppt
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 12 / 27
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Memory and Address
1
BUS: Carrier of information
A 32-bit machine uses 32 bits to store the address of a cell. Each cellis 1 byte. How many different cells are possible?
How many cells are required to store a floating point variable?
1General Introduction to computingwww.ch.embnet.org/CoursEMBnet/Pages05/slides/IntroCompute.pptDas and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 13 / 27
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Input and Output devices
Input Devices
Keyboard : ASCII characters
Mouse : position ((x,y)corodinate ), movement(velcity), clicks
Track pad
Audio/Video in, Scanner
Output Devices :
Monitor, Projector screen
Printer,
Audio, HDMI output etc..
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 14 / 27
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Software Layers
General Introduction to computingwww.ch.embnet.org/CoursEMBnet/Pages05/slides/IntroCompute.ppt
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 15 / 27
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Programming Language and Operating System
Programming Language A language to communicate with thecomputer. Instructions are building blocks of a programminglanguage.
Program A set of instruction to perform a job.
Let x = 1000 and y = 729Let z = x + yOutput z
Operating System A bunch of programs that make it easy for us touse the computer.
Windows, Linux (Ubuntu), Mac OS X.
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 16 / 27
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Programming Languages
Low level (processor dependent)Machine code, assembler
High level: structured, proceduralFortran, C, Pascal
High level: object orientedC++, Java, C#, Perl, Objective-C
ScriptingPerl, Python , JavaScript
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 17 / 27
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What is Computation?
Definition
“A technology for information processing.”
Definition
“Any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creatingcomputers.”
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 19 / 27
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Computation in Real World
Data Compression.
Cryptography.
Physics simulations (Particle Physics, Condensed Matter andStatistical Physics).
Computational Biology (Mathematical Biology, System Biology,Bioinformatics).
Engineering (Mechanical, Signal processing, Fluid Dynamics ,Structures, Process Engineering ....)
Finance and Economics.
Learning and Pattern recognition.
Weather Forecasting.
Cognitive Science.
....
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 20 / 27
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Spot The Difference
The first image size 344 kb, second image size 13 kb.
The computational process: Data Compression.
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 21 / 27
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Spot The Difference
The first image size 344 kb, second image size 13 kb.
The computational process: Data Compression.
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 21 / 27
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Spot The Difference
The first image size 344 kb, second image size 13 kb.
The computational process: Data Compression.
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 21 / 27
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Alice and Bob
Message
Cryptography: Science of encryption and decryption.
Applications: Banking, Internet, Authentication.
Computation: Algebraic and Number theoretic algorithms.
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 22 / 27
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Alice and Bob
Cryptography: Science of encryption and decryption.
Applications: Banking, Internet, Authentication.
Computation: Algebraic and Number theoretic algorithms.
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 22 / 27
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Alice and Bob
Cryptography: Science of encryption and decryption.
Applications: Banking, Internet, Authentication.
Computation: Algebraic and Number theoretic algorithms.
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 22 / 27
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Alice and Bob
Cryptography: Science of encryption and decryption.
Applications: Banking, Internet, Authentication.
Computation: Algebraic and Number theoretic algorithms.
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 22 / 27
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Alice and Bob
Cryptography: Science of encryption and decryption.
Applications: Banking, Internet, Authentication.
Computation: Algebraic and Number theoretic algorithms.
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 22 / 27
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Physics
Particle Accelators data
LHC-Analyze billions of particle collsion tracks
Higgs Boson!!
Simulation of Quantum many body systems, band structure, polymers
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 23 / 27
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Physics
Particle Accelators data
LHC-Analyze billions of particle collsion tracks
Higgs Boson!!
Simulation of Quantum many body systems, band structure, polymers
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 23 / 27
logo
Physics
Particle Accelators data
LHC-Analyze billions of particle collsion tracks
Higgs Boson!!
Simulation of Quantum many body systems, band structure, polymers
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 23 / 27
logo
Physics
Particle Accelators data
LHC-Analyze billions of particle collsion tracks
Higgs Boson!!
Simulation of Quantum many body systems, band structure, polymers
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 23 / 27
logo
Physics
Particle Accelators data
LHC-Analyze billions of particle collsion tracks
Higgs Boson!!
Simulation of Quantum many body systems, band structure, polymers
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 23 / 27
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Computational Biology
Sequence of amino acids. A, T, G, C. ...AATAGCTAGGAC...
Computations involve: String algorithms, Genetic Algorithms
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 24 / 27
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Computational Biology
Sequence of amino acids. A, T, G, C. ...AATAGCTAGGAC...
Computations involve: String algorithms, Genetic Algorithms
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 24 / 27
logo
Computational Biology
Sequence of amino acids. A, T, G, C. ...AATAGCTAGGAC...
Computations involve: String algorithms, Genetic Algorithms
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 24 / 27
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Finance and Economics
Predicting a future stocks value.
Computations involve: Statistical algorithms.
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 25 / 27
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Finance and Economics
Predicting a future stocks value.
Computations involve: Statistical algorithms.
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 25 / 27
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Finance and Economics
Predicting a future stocks value.
Computations involve: Statistical algorithms.
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 25 / 27
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Movie Recommendations
Computational process: Learning algorithm.
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 26 / 27
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Movie Recommendations
Computational process: Learning algorithm.
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 26 / 27
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Movie Recommendations
Computational process: Learning algorithm.
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 26 / 27
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Human-Computer Communication
A language that computers can understand.
Programming language.
The language should be very precise and without ambiguity.
Amit is happy that he visited Lothal.
I want good marks. He kickedthe bucket. Sar par aasman gir gaya!
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 27 / 27
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Human-Computer Communication
Computer Human
Communication
Language
A language that computers can understand.
Programming language.
The language should be very precise and without ambiguity.
Amit is happy that he visited Lothal. I want good marks.
He kickedthe bucket. Sar par aasman gir gaya!
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 27 / 27
logo
Human-Computer Communication
Computer Human
Communication
Language
A language that computers can understand.
Programming language.
The language should be very precise and without ambiguity.
Amit is happy that he visited Lothal. I want good marks. He kickedthe bucket.
Sar par aasman gir gaya!
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 27 / 27
logo
Human-Computer Communication
Computer Human
Communication
Language
A language that computers can understand.
Programming language.
The language should be very precise and without ambiguity.
Amit is happy that he visited Lothal. I want good marks. He kickedthe bucket. Sar par aasman gir gaya!
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 27 / 27
logo
Human-Computer Communication
Computer Human
Communication
Language
A language that computers can understand.
Programming language.
The language should be very precise and without ambiguity.
Amit is happy that he visited Lothal. I want good marks. He kickedthe bucket. Sar par aasman gir gaya!
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 27 / 27
logo
Human-Computer Communication
Computer Human
Communication
Language
A language that computers can understand.
Programming language.
The language should be very precise and without ambiguity.
Amit is happy that he visited Lothal. I want good marks. He kickedthe bucket. Sar par aasman gir gaya!
Das and Jolad (IIT Gandhinagar) Lecture 1 August 27, 2013 27 / 27
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