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4.02 Understand the Functions and Disorders of the Urinary System
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary
system
Essential Questions
What are the functions of the urinary system?
What are some disorders of the urinary system?
How are disorders of the urinary system treated?
How do you relate the body’s hormone control to
the urinary system?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system2
Understand the functions of the urinary system
Functions:
Excretion
Formation of urine
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Elimination of urine
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system3
Understand the functions of the urinary system
Excretion What is excretion?
Why does the body have excretory
functions?
What is the composition of wastes excreted
by the urinary system?
How is it relevant to health?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system4
Understand the functions of the urinary system
Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system5
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
• Blood from renal artery enters glomerulus (more narrow vessels increase pressure)
• High pressure in glomerulus forces fluid into Bowman’s capsule, where it is filtered
Filtration
6
BOWMAN’S CAPSULE
Bowman’s capsule filters out 125cc of fluid/min.
…how many cc’s per hour is this? As the filtrate continues through nephron,
90% of water is reabsorbed—what would happen if reabsorption here failed?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Filtration
7
Reabsorption
What substances are reabsorbed? water, sugar, salts Where do they go? Back into the blood
If blood levels of certain substances are high, the substances will not be reabsorbed.
How does this help maintain homeostasis? Keep blood levels from getting too high
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system8
Secretion
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
What is secretion?
Describe how this process is the opposite of reabsorption….Substances are excreted from blood into peritubular capillaries into the urine 9
What substances are secreted into the collecting tubules? Ammonia, creatinine, drugs
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Secretion
10
Understand the functions of the urinary system
Fluid and electrolyte balanceElectrolytes are selectively secreted to maintain body’s acid-base balance.
• What are electrolytes?• Electrolytes are minerals in your blood and
other body fluids that carry an electric charge
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system11
Understand the functions of the urinary system
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Chemical control• ADH (hypothalamus)• Aldosterone (Adrenal cortex)
Nervous control
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system12
Understand the functions of the urinary system
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Chemical control• ADH – Antidiuretic hormone
• Aldosterone
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system13
Understand the functions of the urinary system
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Chemical control ADH is released by the posterior
pituitary gland What is the function of ADH (antidiuretic
hormone)?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system14
Understand the functions of the urinary system
Fluid and electrolyte balanceChemical control The amount of ADH produced is related
to the level of body hydration What factors regulate the release of
ADH?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system15
Understand the functions of the urinary system
Forming more dilute urine:Define “dilute urine”What are diuretics? Increase urine output What effect do they have on the production of urine? Give examples of substances that have diuretic effects.
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system16
Understand the functions of the urinary system
Fluid and electrolyte balanceChemical controlAldosteroneWhere does it come from? Adrenal glandWhat does it do? Controls urinary secretionAldosterone release is the result of the renin-angiotensin system. What does this mean?Renin is released by the kidneys when there is a decrease in BP stimulates aldosterone production and constricts vesselsProblems with adrenal glands causes imbalance in salt and water balance in body
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system17
Understand the functions of the urinary system
Fluid and electrolyte balance
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
What effect does this cycle have on your blood pressure?
18
Understand the functions of the urinary system
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Nervous controlHow does the nervous system control urinary secretions? Nerve impulses from blood vessels leading to kidneys and glomeruliWhat other systems are involved in the production and excretion of urine?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system19
Understand the functions of the urinary systemThe flow of electrolytes
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Review urine formation, electrolyte exchange, and some factors that effect urine volume.
20
Understand the functions of the urinary system
What do you predict will happen to blood pressure when the blood volume increases?
What if blood volume decreases?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
review
21
Understand the functions of the urinary system
If more water is reabsorbed back into the body---what will happen to urine concentration?
(more or less concentrated?)
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
review
22
Understand the functions of the urinary system
Elimination of urineWhat causes the bladder to empty? Involuntary muscle control contracts when feeling of fullness occursIs this a voluntary or involuntary action? Both What can prevent urination? Nerve damageHow is urinary retention treated?catheter
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system23
Understand the functions of the urinary system
Elimination of urineUrinary output
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Average urinary output = 1500 ml per day *How many ounces is this?
What effects the color of your urine?
24
UrinalysisAn examination of urine
What does normal urine look like? What constitutes an abnormal urinalysis?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system25
Urinalysis
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
What could the
presence of
blood in urine
indicate?
What is the medical term
for this condition?
26
Urinalysis
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Where would excess glucose show up?
What does this mean?
27
Urinalysis
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system28
Disorders of the urinary system
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
29
Disorders of the urinary system
Cystitis
What is cystitis (cyst= medical term for ____ +itis =___ )
Most common cause: E. Coli
What are the major symptoms of cystitis?
Painful urination4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
30
Cystitis More common in females—Why ?? Shorter
urethra
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Rx=
antibiotics
Disorders of the urinary system
31
Glomerulonephritis
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system
Disease which injures the glomerulus.
Affects filtration; allows for passage of protein and blood into urine
What will happen as a result of damaged glomeruli?
32
Glomerulonephritis Two types:
• Acute• Chronic
Define these terms.
How do these terms relate to glomerulonephritis symptoms?
What is the prognosis for each?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system
: occurs in children 1-3 wks bacterial infect : permanent damage to glomeruli
poor for chronic leads to kidney failure
33
Renal calculiAlso known as nephrolithiasis nephro lith iasis
What are renal calculi made of?What are the symptoms?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system
calcium/uric acid
pain flank, burning, N/V, chills, hematuria
34
Renal calculi
What will happen if the ureters are blocked?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system
35
Hydronephrosis: renal pelvis becomes distended due to urine build up from blockage
Renal calculi
How is it treated?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system
36
Push fluids, remove blockage
Renal calculi How does lithotripsy work? Is it a cure?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system
37
Shock waves hit and break up stone so that it can pass
NO
Renal failure Acute
• What causes it?
• What are the symptoms?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system
38
Shock, nephritis, injury, bleeding, heart failure, poisoning
Oliguria: low urine productionAnuria: no urine production
Renal failurechronic May be none in early stages,
urinalysis may reveal proteinuria
Why would protein be present in the urine?
Why is this not normal?4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system
39
Renal Failure Chronic kidney
disease leads to a buildup of fluid and waste products in the body.
How are these systems affected by renal failure?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system
40
Renal Failure
How is it treated?• Peritoneal dialysis
• What is the process involved in this treatment?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system
41
Renal Failure
How is it treated?• Hemodialysis• What is
hemodialysis?• What determines
the patient’s treatment schedule?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system
42
Renal Failure Compare the treatment of acute
and chronic renal failure.
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Disorders of the urinary system
43
Disorders of the urinary system
How does hemodialysis mimic glomerular function?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system44
Disorders of the urinary system
Renal transplant What is involved in this treatment option? When does a patient get a transplant?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system45
Disorders of the urinary system
Renal transplant
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
What is the major complication of renal transplantation?
46
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
Essential Questions
What are the functions of the urinary
system?
What are some disorders of the urinary
system?
How are disorders of the urinary system
treated?
How do you relate the body’s hormone
control to the urinary system?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system47
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