essentials of sociology sixth edition chapter two: culture this multimedia product and its contents...

Essentials of SociologyEssentials of SociologySixth EditionSixth Edition

Essentials of SociologyEssentials of SociologySixth EditionSixth Edition

Chapter Two: Culture

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Culture

Chapter Overview

What is Culture?Components of

Symbolic CultureMany Cultural

Worlds: Subcultures

and Countercultures

Values in U.S.

Society Technology in the

Global Village Cultural Lag,

Diffusion, and

Labeling

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Culture

Language, Beliefs, Values, Norms, Behavior

Passed from One Generation to the Next

Material vs. Nonmaterial Cultures

What is Culture?

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Culture

What is Normal, Natural, or Usual?

The Culture Within Us

Culture as Lens

Culture Shock

Ethnocentrism

Culture and Taken-for-Granted Orientations

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Culture

Understanding Cultures

on Their Own Terms

“Sick Cultures”

Confronting Contrasting

Views of Reality

Practicing Cultural RelativismPracticing Cultural RelativismM

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Culture

Symbol is Something to Which People

Attach Meaning

Gestures

Language

Components of Components of Symbolic CultureSymbolic Culture

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Culture

Allows Human Experience to Be Cumulative

Provides a Social or Shared Past

Provides a Social or Shared Future

Allows Shared Perspectives

Allows Complex, Shared, Goal-Directed

Behavior

Language and CultureLanguage and Culture

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Culture

Language Has Embedded Within It Ways of

Looking at the World

Sapir-Whorf Reverses Common Sense

Language and Perception: Language and Perception: Sapir-Whorf Sapir-Whorf

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Culture

Values - What is Desirable in Life

Norms - Expectations or Rules for Behavior

Sanctions - Reaction to Following or

Breaking Norms

Positive Sanctions

Negative Sanctions

Values,Norms,and SanctionsValues,Norms,and Sanctions

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Culture

Folkways - Norms not Strictly Enforced

Mores - Core Values. We Insist on

Conformity

Folkways and MoresFolkways and Mores

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Culture

Subculture - A World Within the

Dominant Culture

Countercultures - Groups With Norms and

Values at Odds with the Dominant Culture

Subcultures & Subcultures & CounterculturesCountercultures

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Culture

Values in U.S. SocietyValues in U.S. Society

Romantic LoveDemocracyScience and Technology

ReligiosityFreedomEfficiency and

Practicality

EducationHumanitarianismActivity and

Work

Racism and Group

SuperiorityMaterial ComfortIndividualism

EqualityProgressAchievement and

Success

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Culture

Achievement and Success

Individualism

Activity and Work

Efficiency and Practicality

Science and Technology

Values in U.S. SocietyValues in U.S. Society

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Culture

Progress

Material Comfort

Humanitarianism

Freedom

Democracy

Values in U.S. SocietyValues in U.S. Society

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Culture

Equality

Racism and Group

Superiority

Education

Religiosity

Romantic Love

Values in U.S. SocietyValues in U.S. Society

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Culture

Value Clusters - Series of

Interrelated Values

Values Contradictions - Values

that Contradict One Another

Value Clusters and Value Clusters and ContradictionsContradictions

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Culture

Value Contradictions Value Contradictions and Social Changeand Social Change

“It is precisely at the point of value

contradictions, then, that one can see a

major force for social change in a

society”

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Culture

Leisure

Self-fulfillment

Physical Fitness

Youthfulness

Concern for the

Environment

Emerging ValuesEmerging ValuesM

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Culture

Culture Wars: When Values Clash

Value as Blinders

“Ideal” vs. “Real” Culture

Values and CultureValues and Culture

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Culture

The New Technology - New Tools

Cultural Lag and Cultural Change

Technology and Cultural Leveling

Technology in the Technology in the Global VillageGlobal Village