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European Studbook (ESB)
White spotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari)
(as of 1 September 2010)
Studbook keeper:
Max Janse, Burgers’ Zoo, The Netherlands.
m.janse@burgerszoo.nl
1st edition. September 2010.
2
White spotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari)
1st
Edition
Information on organization of the studbook
European Studbook Keeper: Max Janse
Burgers’ Zoo
Antoon van Hooffplein 1, 6816 SH Arnhem
The Netherlands m.janse@burgerszoo.nl
International Studbook Keeper: None
Studbook keepers in other regions: None
Abstract
This is the first European studbook of white spotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari Hermann, 1793). In
March 2010 the studbook has been started. Eight public aquaria participate within the studbook. The
number of living animals within the studbook is 11,10. In the last 20 years 52 animals have been kept in
Europe, which are registered in the studbook. Possibly more animals have been imported into Europe
within that period. A few aquaria outside of Europe have bred with this species. In Europe only Arnhem
has bred until now, resulting in 6 young from two different mothers animals. All other animals within this
studbook originate from the wild. The historic population show a high mortality (46%) in the 1st
year of
captivity due to overall stress, feeding problems and health problems. Also compatibility problems with
large sharks have been encountered. The species became more popular in Europe from 1998 onwards due
to a drastic increase of large public aquaria, availability, increasing husbandry and transportation
knowledge and due to its charismatic character.
3
Table of contents Abstract .............................................................................................................................................................. 2
Table of contents ............................................................................................................................................... 3
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 3
Species background ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Taxonomy of the species ....................................................................................................................... 4
Distribution of the species ..................................................................................................................... 5
Status of the species in the wild ............................................................................................................ 5
Status and development of the European studbook ..................................................................................... 5
Captive population ......................................................................................................................................... 6
Parasitic problems ................................................................................................................................. 8
Publications .................................................................................................................................................... 8
General action for the year 2011 and later ................................................................................................. 10
Current living population ......................................................................................................................... 11
Historic population .................................................................................................................................. 14
Institutions participating in ESB ............................................................................................................... 22
Acknowledgement ....................................................................................................................................... 24
Studbook Disclaimer .................................................................................................................................... 24
Introduction
Elasmobranches are popular species within aquarium exhibits. During a discussion held at the 1st
International Elasmobranch Husbandry Symposium (October, 3-7th
, 2001 Orlando, USA) an elasmobranch
plan of action was defined (Smith et al., 2004). The development of captive breeding programs of
elasmobranches was one of the major goals within this plan of action. Three different priorities when
choosing a species were defined:
1. is the species listed as endangered or critically endangered on the IUCN Red list?
2. is the species regionally endemic, little studies, or even undescribed, and at risk of losing its
habitat?
3. is the species in demand for public aquariums – e.g. sand tiger sharks, zebra sharks, spotted eagle
ray?
White spotted eagle rays are not common in public aquaria due to the large size of the adults. However the
increase in number of large public aquaria within Europe in the last two decades and the charismatic
appearance make the species becoming more popular. Five European aquaria are known to have Spotted
eagle rays (Valencia, Arnhem, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Montpelier, Plymouth). Only one aquarium (Burgers’ Zoo,
4
Arnhem) is currently breeding the species (Janse et al., 2010), with a total number of six young in 2009 and
2010. Possibly more aquaria have or have had this species. The current living population within the five
aquaria is 11,10 (total 21). It’s known that three aquaria have had this species, but not anymore. It’s not an
easy species to keep, especially in the beginning. Animals died due to husbandry and health problems.
Different parasitic problems have been described within this species (Beverley-Burton and Whittington,
1995; Janse and Borgsteede, 2003; Chisholm and Whittington, 2004; Marie and Justine, 2005).
The number of participants has been rising since the start to 8. A few aquaria outside of Europe have bred
with this species. Beside the captive born animals from Arnhem all other animals originate from the wild.
The most important goal of this studbook is to organize the population, to compile and distribute
husbandry knowledge and to get more breeding within Europe. When captive breeding increases the
number of wild caught imports of this species will decrease and a sustainable captive population can be
build up. Also a breeding program will increase the cooperation between aquaria and can act as an example
of sustainable management of a captive population. This is a well known activity within zoos concerning
mammals, birds and some reptiles, but is quiet new in captive fish populations.
The goals of this breeding program are as follows:
1. to start a breeding program within the European aquarium community
2. to promote breeding programs on aquatic animals to become higher on the agenda of aquaria
3. make an inventory of all spotted eagle rays within Europe
4. manage transfers of offspring within the organized framework of an ESB to avoid problems in the
future (all offspring currently come from one aquarium). The main goal is to create potential
breeding pairs from different genetic origin.
5. understand the husbandry problems of this species, and develop a husbandry manual
6. collaborate with research institutions and universities to learn more about the biology and
husbandry of this species
7. genetic research will be necessary to describe the species or sub-species difference within the
captive population.
Species background
Taxonomy of the species
• Phylum: Chordata
• Subphylum: Vertebrata
• Class: Chondrichthyes Cartiliougous fishes
• Order: Rajiformes Rays, sawfish and skates
• Family: Myliobatidae Eagle and Manta rays
• Genus: Aetobatus (Blainville, 1816) Eagle rays
• Name: Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790) White spotted eagle ray
Three other species are described within the genus: A. flagellum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), A. guttatus
(Shaw, 1804) and A. ocellatus (Kuhl, 1823). However there is some discussion of the species A. narinari.
Compagno et al. (2005) reported narrow and wide disc morphs from the Philippines, which they suggest
may represent separate species, with the broad specimens typical of Pacific A. narinari. Based on combined
genealogical concordance and genetic distance criteria, Richards et al. (2009) recommend that the
Western/Central Pacific lineage be recognized as a distinct species from lineages in the Central Atlantic and
Eastern Pacific (which are proposed as subspecies).
5
A second species of the Aetobatus genus Aetobatus guttatus closely resembles A. narinari (Carpenter and
Niem, 1999). There is even discussion on a specimen caught in the Philippines if it’s A. guttatus or A.
narinari (Compagno et al., 2005). This animal is a nice example on the current genetics discussion around A.
narinari. This same discussion needs to held within the European captive population.
Distribution of the species
Western Atlantic: North Carolina (summer) and Florida, USA and Bermuda to southern Brazil. Throughout
Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean, including Antilles. Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania to Angola. Indo-West Pacific:
Red Sea and South Africa to Hawaii, north to Japan, south to Australia. Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to
Puerto Pizarro, Peru and the Galapagos Islands. (Van der Elst, 1993; Lieske and Myers, 1994; Bonfil and
Abdallah, 2004).
Status of the species in the wild
Near threatened and population trend is decreasing (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (IUCN, 2010;
Kyne et al., 2006). The white spotted eagle ray has a Vulnerable listing in Southeast Asia where fishing
pressure is particularly intense and the species is a common component of landings. With further data it
will likely fall into a threatened category in other regions also (IUCN, 2010).
Status and development of the European studbook
Participants Status
1-1-1980
Birth Transfer between
ESB Aquaria
Transfer between
non-ESB aquaria
Death Status
1-9-2010
In Out In Out
Arnhem/NL 0.0 2.4 - 1.2 5.8.1 - 3.4.1 3.6.0
Berlin/D 0.0 - - - 0.1.0 - 0.1.0 0.0.0
Boulogne-sur-Mer/F 0.0 - 1.1 - - - 0.1.0 1.0.0
Lisboa/P 0.0 - - - 0.0.13 - 0.0.13 0.0.0
Monaco/MC 0.0 - - - 0.0.2 - 0.0.2 0.0.0
Montpelier/F 0.0 - - - 2.2.4 - 0.2.4 2.0.0
Plymouth/UK 0.0 - - - 5.4.0 - 3.1.0 2.3.0
Valencia/ES 0.0 - 0.1 - 5.1.1 - 2.1.1 3.1.0
Total 8 participants 0.0 2.4 1.2 1.2 17.16.21 0.0 8.10.21 11.10.0
6
Captive population
Figure 1: Number of living animals of the white spotted eagle ray average per year within the ESB
The current living population within the studbook is 11,10 (Table 1). Figure 1 shows an increase of the
average population per year of this species. All animals within the studbook originate from the wild, except
for 6 captive born animals. The species became more popular in Europe from 1998 due to a drastic increase
of large public aquaria, availability, increasing husbandry and transportation knowledge and due to its
charismatic character.
Figure 2 shows a high mortality rate (n=24 of 52 incoming animals equals 46%) in the first year of captivity.
Of all death registered within the studbook 89 % died in the first year of captivity. Problems were defined
as overall stress, not willing to start eating, feeding problems in later instance and health problems.
Together with Head Aquarist Miranda Verbeek and the aquarist team at Burgers’ Zoo a few guidelines have
been defined which could be taken into consideration when keeping white spotted eagle rays:
1. Keep them in a large quarantine tank without other fish. Maximum two animals together.
Minimum size is a tank of 2.5 m diameter and 70 cm of water.
2. Watch for parasites on skin or gills. It’s advised to treat the animals prophylactic against
monogenetic trematodes at 20 mg praziquantel/L for 60 min (Janse and Borgsteede, 2003) or
better even 2 mg praziquantel/L for 7 days.
3. Feed a wide variety of food types in the first days. Just throw it on the bottom of the tank. Remove
the food after one hour and try it 2 times more per day. Do this 7 days per week. Good food type to
get used are prawn meat, fresh mussel flesh and small pieces of fatty fish.
4. Give them a quiet space in the first two months.
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
2009
Number of animalsUnknown gender
♀♂
7
5. When animals start to feed try to learn them to eat from a feeding stick. This way the animals can
be fed individually in multiple species display tank. Keep active fish away from the feeding area.
6. Feed not too small (the animal will become restless) and not to big food items (other fish make
steel it from the mouth).
7. Take your time with this species. They need a lot of patience and observation. Especially in the
beginning.
8. Try to feed them always individually, also in display
9. Swimming behavior gives a lot of information. They should show quiet fin strokes with regular
glide intervals.
10. Especially stress may cause jumping behavior. Make sure the tanks are covered and no sharp
objects are situated above the water.
The maximum captive age in the studbook is 10 year for a group of 6 animals in Arnhem (Figure 2). Within
this breeding group some animals were 1 to 3 years of age at arrival. 2,4 are born in 2009 and 2010. Details
on the experiences of the breeding success in 2009 are described in Janse et al. (2010).
Figure 2 Captive age of all animals both dead and alive at September 2010
26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Number of animals
Ca
pti
ve
ag
e (
y) death alive
8
Figure 3 Number of captive born white spotted eagle rays in Europe
Parasitic problems
In situ A. narinari are susceptible to different species of monogenetic trematodes (Monogenea:
monocotylidae) only found specifically on this species:
• Branchial cavity: Decacotyle elpora (Marie and Justine, 2005), Decacotyle octona Young, 1967
(Chisholm and Whittington, 1998) and Clemacotyle australis Young, 1967 (Beverley-Burton and
Whittington, 1995; Janse and Borgsteede, 2003)
• Nasal cavity: Thaumatocotyle pseudodasybatis Hargis, 1955
• Skin: Clemacotyle australis Young, 1967 (Beverley-Burton and Whittington, 1995; Janse and
Borgsteede, 2003) and Decacotyle torosa n. sp. (Chisholm and Whittington, 2004).
Also in captivity one of the most common husbandry problems are monogenetic trematodes, both on skin
(Janse and Borgsteede, 2003; Chisholm and Whittington, 2004) and in the gill (Janse, pers. observ.).
Effective treatments are 20 mg praziquantel/L for 60 minutes in a bath and transferred to a clean system
(Janse and Borgsteede, 2003) or 2 mg praziquantel/L for 7 days for the whole system (with UV and ozone
out during the treatment).
Publications
Bentley, N 1996. An overview of the exploitation, trade and management of chondrichthyans in Indonesia.. In: Chen, H. K. (ed.), An overview of
shark trade in selected countries of Southeast Asia. TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, Petaling Jaya.
Bentley, N., 1996. An overview of the exploitation, trade and management of Sharks and Rays in Australia.. In: Sant, G. and Hayes, E. (eds.), The
Oceania region’s harvest, trade and management of sharks and other cartilaginous fish: an overview. TRAFFIC Oceania, Sydney. p. 30.
3 2 1 0 1 2 3
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
2009
Number of birth
♀♂
9
Beverley-Burton, M. and I.D. Whittington, 1995. Clematocyle australis (Monogenea: monocotylidae) from the white-spotted eagle ray Aetobatus
narinari (Rajiformes: myliobatidae) on the Great Barrier Reef. J. Parasitol. 81(4):616-625.
Bonfil, R. and M. Abdallah, 2004. Field identification guide to the sharks and rays of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. FAO species identification guide
for fisheries purpose. FAO, Rome 71 p.
Camhi, M., S. Fowler, J. Musick, A. Bräutigam and S. Fordham, 1998. Sharks and their Relatives Ecology and Conservation. IUCN/SSC Shark Specialist
Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. p. 39.
Carpenter, K.E. and Niem, V.H., 1999. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central
Pacific. Volume 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). Rome, FAO. pp. 1397-2068.
Cavanagh, R.D., P.M. Kyne, S.L. Fowler, J.A. Musick and M.B. Bennett, 2003. The Conservation Status of Australasian Chondrichthyans. Report of the
IUCN Shark Specialist Group Australia and Oceania Regional Red List Workshop Queensland, Australia, 7-9 March 2003 p.170.
Chisholm, L.A. and I.D. Whittington, 2004. Two new species of Dendromonocotyle Hargis, 1955 (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) from the skin of
Taeniura meyeni (Dasyatidae) and Aetobatus narinari (Myliobatidae) from aquaria. Systematic Parasitology, 57:221-228.
Compagno, L.J.V., Last, P.R., Stevens, J.D. and Alava, M.N.R. 2005. Checklist of Philippine Chondrichthyes. CSIRO Marine Laboratories Report 243.
IUCN, 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 06 September 2010.
Janse, M. and F.H.M. Borgsteede, 2003. Praziqantel treatment of captive white spotted eagle rays (Aetobatus narianari) infested with monogenan
trematodes. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 23(4):152-156.
Janse, M., M. Verbeek, F. Wennekers, R. Hendriks, T. Te Vruchte, R. Dogger, B. Arentz, A. Rozier and R. Kolkman, 2010. Notes on captive breeding of
white spotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari) with specific emphasis on the parturition. Drum and Croaker 41:3-7.
Kyne, P.M., Ishihara, H, Dudley, S.F.J. & White, W.T. 2006. Aetobatus narinari. In: IUCN 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2.
<www.iucnredlist.org>.
Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994. Collins pocket guide. Coral Reef fishes Caribbean, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. Harper Collins Publishers, London.
400 p.
Marie, A.D. and J.-L. Justine, 2005. Monocotylids (Monogenea: Monopisthocotylea) from Aetobatus cf. narinari off New Caledonia, with a
description of Decacotyle elpora sp.. Systematic parasitology 60:175-185.
Muraco, H.S. and M.A. Stamper, . Training spotted eagle rays (Aetobatus narinari ( Euphrasen)) to decrease aggressive behaviors towards divers. J.
Aquariculture and Aquatic Sciences 8(4):88-98.
Pratt, H.L. Jr.a & J. C. Carrierb, 2001. A review of elasmobranch reproductive behavior with a case study on the nurse shark, Ginglymostoma
cirratum. Environmental Biology of Fish 60:157-188.
Richards, V.P., M. Henning, W. Witzell and M.S. Shivji, 2009. Species delineation and evolutionary history of the globally distributed spotted eagle
ray (Aetobatus narinari). J. Heredity 100(3):273-283.
Sherman, RL; Gilliam, DS, 1996. Hepato-somatic indices and lifestyles in some batoid elasmobranchs. Florida Scientist 4:275-278.
Smith, M.D., D. Warmolts, D. Thoney and R. Hueter, 2004. The Elasmobranch Husbandry Manual: Captive Care of Sharks, Rays and their Relatives.
Special Publication of the Ohio Biological Survey. 589 p.
Van der Elst, R., 1993. A guide to the common sea fishes of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town. 398 p.
Yamaguchia, A., I. Kawaharab and S. Ito, 2005. Occurrence, growth and food of longheaded eagle ray, Aetobatus flagellum, in Ariake Sound, Kyushu,
Japan. Environmental Biology of Fishes 74:229-238.
Yokota, L. and R.P. Lessa, 2006. A nursery area for sharks and rays in Northeastern Brazil. Environmental Biology of Fishes 75:349-360.
Those that are interested in a copy of the above papers please contact the studbook holder.
10
General action for the year 2011 and later In the year 2011 the following actions will take place:
• compile more information on the husbandry problems of captive white spotted eagle rays
• Increase number of participants
• Increase knowledge on captive breeding
• Collaborate with in-site research
• Increase the knowledge on the importance of breeding programs in fish
• Learn further from each other
Future activities within the studbook will be:
• understanding the genetic basis of the species Aetobatus narinari
• Genetic research on the parenthood of the offspring
• Write a husbandry manual
11
Current living population
(per institution)
ESB White spotted eagle ray
(Aetobatus narinari)
(as of 1 September 2010)
12
Stud # | Sex | Hatch Date | Sire | Dam | Location | Date | Local ID | Event |
Location: ARNHEM
1005 M ~Jun 1999±6m WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Nov 2000 NONE Capture
WATERW ~ 5 Dec 2000 NONE Transfer
ARNHEM 11 Dec 2000 600034 Transfer
1006 F ~Jun 2000±6m WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Dec 2000 NONE Capture
WATERW ~25 Dec 2000 NONE Transfer
ARNHEM 2 Jan 2001 600035 Transfer
1007 F ~Sep 2000±6m WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Jan 2001 NONE Capture
WATERW ~10 Feb 2001 NONE Transfer
ARNHEM 15 Feb 2001 600040 Transfer
1008 M ~Jul 2000±6m WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Dec 2000 NONE Capture
WATERW ~25 Dec 2000 NONE Transfer
ARNHEM 2 Jan 2001 600039 Transfer
1009 F ~ Feb 2000 WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Feb 2000 NONE Capture
WATERW ~10 Mar 2001 NONE Transfer
ARNHEM 16 Mar 2001 600042 Transfer
1010 F ~Jul 2000±6m WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Dec 2000 NONE Capture
WATERW ~25 Dec 2000 NONE Transfer
ARNHEM 2 Jan 2001 600038 Transfer
1012 F 25 May 2009 MULTI1 1010 ARNHEM 25 May 2009 615230 Birth
1024 F 2 Nov 2009 MULTI1 1006 ARNHEM 2 Nov 2009 615583 Birth
OCEAN VAL 9 Jun 2010 NONE Loan to
1025 M 2 Nov 2009 MULTI1 1006 ARNHEM 2 Nov 2009 615584 Birth
BOULOGNE 16 Mar 2010 NONE Loan to
1027 M 18 Feb 2010 MULTI1 1010 ARNHEM 18 Feb 2010 615631 Birth
1044 F 29 Jun 2010 MULTI1 1006 ARNHEM 29 Jun 2010 615904 Birth
Totals: 4.7.0 (11)
Locations: BOULOGNE
1025 M 2 Nov 2009 MULTI1 1006 ARNHEM 2 Nov 2009 615584 Birth
BOULOGNE 16 Mar 2010 NONE Loan to
Totals: 1.0.0 (1)
13
Stud # | Sex | Hatch Date | Sire | Dam | Location | Date | Local ID | Event |
Location: MARENOSTR
1036 M ~Mar 2007±6m WILD WILD SE ASIA ~ Aug 2007 NONE Capture
MARENOSTR 26 Sep 2007 NONE Transfer
1039 M ~ 2007 WILD WILD SE ASIA ~ Aug 2007 NONE Capture
MARENOSTR 3 Oct 2007 NONE Transfer
Totals: 2.0.0 (2)
Location: OCEAN VAL
1016 M ~Jun 2005±6m WILD WILD WILD ~Oct 2005±1m NONE Capture
WATERW ~ 1 Nov 2005 NONE Transfer
OCEAN VAL 4 Nov 2005 NONE Transfer
1018 M ~Mar 2008±1m WILD WILD WILD ~Mar 2008±1m NONE Capture
DE JONG ~20 Mar 2008 NONE Transfer
OCEAN VAL 27 Mar 2008 NONE Transfer
1019 M ~May 2008±1m WILD WILD WILD ~May 2008±1m NONE Capture
DE JONG ~20 Jun 2008 NONE Transfer
OCEAN VAL 25 Jun 2008 NONE Transfer
1024 F 2 Nov 2009 MULTI1 1006 ARNHEM 2 Nov 2009 615583 Birth
OCEAN VAL 9 Jun 2010 NONE Loan to
Totals: 3.1.0 (4)
Location: PLYMO NMA
1032 M ~Dec 2009±4m WILD WILD INDONESIA ~14 Jan 2010 NONE Capture
DE JONG ~14 Apr 2010 NONE Transfer
PLYMO NMA 28 Apr 2010 5 (Teon) Transfer
1033 F ~Dec 2009±4m WILD WILD INDONESIA ~14 Jan 2010 NONE Capture
DE JONG ~14 Apr 2010 NONE Transfer
PLYMO NMA 28 Apr 2010 6 (Tambo) Transfer
1034 F ~Dec 2009±4m WILD WILD INDONESIA ~14 Jan 2010 NONE Capture
DE JONG ~14 Apr 2010 NONE Transfer
PLYMO NMA 28 Apr 2010 7 (Lya) Transfer
1057 M ~ 2009 WILD WILD INDONESIA 15 Apr 2010 NONE Capture
DE JONG ~15 May 2010 NONE Transfer
PLYMO NMA 30 Jun 2010 8 (Jambi) Transfer
1058 F ~ 2009 WILD WILD INDONESIA 15 Apr 2010 NONE Capture
DE JONG ~15 May 2010 NONE Transfer
PLYMO NMA 30 Jun 2010 9 (Nila) Transfer
Totals: 2.3.0 (5)
15
Stud # | Sex | Hatch Date | Sire | Dam | Location | Date | Local ID | Event |
Locations: ARNHEM
1001 F ~Jan 2000±6m WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Dec 2000 NONE Capture
WATERW ~25 Dec 2000 NONE Transfer
ARNHEM 2 Jan 2001 600037 Transfer
~ Mar 2001 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
1002 F ~Jul 2000±6m WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Jan 2001 NONE Capture
WATERW ~ 8 Feb 2001 NONE Transfer
ARNHEM 15 Feb 2001 600041 Transfer
4 Dec 2002 Death
[Death by: Self-inflicted injuries; Generalized; Bacterial]
1004 ? ~Feb 1999±6m WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Jan 2000 NONE Capture
WATERW ~ Feb 2000 NONE Transfer
ARNHEM 19 Feb 2000 610470 Transfer
29 Mar 2000 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
1005 M ~Jun 1999±6m WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Nov 2000 NONE Capture
WATERW ~ 5 Dec 2000 NONE Transfer
ARNHEM 11 Dec 2000 600034 Transfer
1006 F ~Jun 2000±6m WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Dec 2000 NONE Capture
WATERW ~25 Dec 2000 NONE Transfer
ARNHEM 2 Jan 2001 600035 Transfer
1007 F ~Sep 2000±6m WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Jan 2001 NONE Capture
WATERW ~10 Feb 2001 NONE Transfer
ARNHEM 15 Feb 2001 600040 Transfer
1008 M ~Jul 2000±6m WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Dec 2000 NONE Capture
WATERW ~25 Dec 2000 NONE Transfer
ARNHEM 2 Jan 2001 600039 Transfer
1009 F ~ Feb 2000 WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Feb 2000 NONE Capture
WATERW ~10 Mar 2001 NONE Transfer
ARNHEM 16 Mar 2001 600042 Transfer
1010 F ~Jul 2000±6m WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Dec 2000 NONE Capture
WATERW ~25 Dec 2000 NONE Transfer
ARNHEM 2 Jan 2001 600038 Transfer
1011 M ~Jun 2000±6m WILD WILD MALDIVES ~ Dec 2000 NONE Capture
WATERW ~25 Dec 2000 NONE Transfer
ARNHEM 2 Jan 2001 600036 Transfer
~ 7 Oct 2001 Death
[Death by: Stranded]
1012 F 5 May 2009 MULTI1 1010 ARNHEM 25 May 2009 615230 Birth
16
Stud # | Sex | Hatch Date | Sire | Dam | Location | Date | Local ID | Event |
1020 F ~Jan 1999±6m WILD WILD WILD ~Jun 1999±1m NONE Capture
WATERW ~23 Jun 1999 NONE Transfer
ARNHEM 28 Jun 1999 615635 Transfer
18 Sep 1999 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
1021 M ~Jan 1999±6m WILD WILD WILD ~Jun 1999±1m NONE Capture
WATERW ~23 Jun 1999 NONE Transfer
ARNHEM 28 Jun 1999 615636 Transfer
7 Jul 1999 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
1022 F ~Jan 1999±6m WILD WILD WILD ~Jun 1999±1m NONE Capture
WATERW ~23 Jun 1999 NONE Transfer
ARNHEM 28 Jun 1999 615637 Transfer
9 Jul 1999 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
1023 M ~Jan 1999±6m WILD WILD WILD ~Jun 1999±1m NONE Capture
WATERW ~23 Jun 1999 NONE Transfer
ARNHEM 28 Jun 1999 615638 Transfer
17 Jul 1999 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
1024 F 2 Nov 2009 MULTI1 1006 ARNHEM 2 Nov 2009 615583 Birth
OCEAN VAL 9 Jun 2010 NONE Loan to
1025 M 2 Nov 2009 MULTI1 1006 ARNHEM 2 Nov 2009 615584 Birth
BOULOGNE 16 Mar 2010 NONE Loan to
1026 F 18 Feb 2010 MULTI1 1010 ARNHEM 18 Feb 2010 615630 Birth
BOULOGNE 30 Mar 2010 NONE Loan to
25 Apr 2010 Death
[Death by: Mongenetic trematodes in gill]
1027 M 18 Feb 2010 MULTI1 1010 ARNHEM 18 Feb 2010 615631 Birth
1044 F 29 Jun 2010 MULTI1 1006 ARNHEM 29 Jun 2010 615904 Birth
Totals: 7.12.1 (20)
Location: BERLIN AQ
1035 F ~ 1989 WILD WILD FLORIDA ~Jan 1989±6m NONE Capture
DYNASTY ~Feb 1989±6m NONE Transfer
BERLIN AQ ~Mar 1989±6m NONE Transfer
1 Sep 1989 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
Totals: 0.1.0 (1)
17
Stud # | Sex | Hatch Date | Sire | Dam | Location | Date | Local ID | Event |
Location: BOULOGNE
1025 M 2 Nov 2009 MULTI1 1006 ARNHEM 2 Nov 2009 615584 Birth
BOULOGNE 16 Mar 2010 NONE Loan to
1026 F 18 Feb 2010 MULTI1 1010 ARNHEM 18 Feb 2010 615630 Birth
BOULOGNE 30 Mar 2010 NONE Loan to
25 Apr 2010 Death
[Death by: Mongenetic trematodes in the gill]
Totals: 1.1.0 (2)
Location: LISBOA AQ
1003 ? ~ 1994 WILD WILD FLORIDA ~ 1994 NONE Capture
DYNASTY ~ Aug 1999 NONE Transfer
LISBOA AQ 19 Aug 1999 IND098 Transfer
31 Aug 2001 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
1045 ? ~ 1995 WILD WILD AUSTRALIA ~Apr 1998±1m NONE Capture
CAIRNSMAR ~20 Apr 1998 NONE Transfer
LISBOA AQ 6 May 1998 NONE Transfer
13 May 1998 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
1046 ? ~ 1995 WILD WILD AUSTRALIA ~Apr 1998±1m NONE Capture
CAIRNSMAR ~20 Apr 1998 NONE Transfer
LISBOA AQ 6 May 1998 NONE Transfer
17 Jul 1998 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
1047 ? ~ 1995 WILD WILD AUSTRALIA ~Apr 1998±1m NONE Capture
CAIRNSMAR ~20 Apr 1998 NONE Transfer
LISBOA AQ 6 May 1998 NONE Transfer
26 Jul 1998 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
1048 ? ~ 1995 WILD WILD AUSTRALIA ~Apr 1998±1m NONE Capture
CAIRNSMAR ~20 Apr 1998 NONE Transfer
LISBOA AQ 6 May 1998 NONE Transfer
27 Jul 1998 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
1049 ? ~ 1995 WILD WILD AUSTRALIA ~Apr 1998±1m NONE Capture
CAIRNSMAR ~20 Apr 1998 NONE Transfer
LISBOA AQ 6 May 1998 NONE Transfer
21 Aug 1998 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
18
Stud # | Sex | Hatch Date | Sire | Dam | Location | Date | Local ID | Event |
1050 ? ~ 1995 WILD WILD AUSTRALIA ~Apr 1998±1m NONE Capture
CAIRNSMAR ~20 Apr 1998 NONE Transfer
LISBOA AQ 6 May 1998 NONE Transfer
19 Aug 1998 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
1051 ? ~ 1995 WILD WILD AUSTRALIA ~Apr 1998±1m NONE Capture
CAIRNSMAR ~20 Apr 1998 NONE Transfer
LISBOA AQ 6 May 1998 NONE Transfer
8 Nov 1999 Death
[Death by: Mongenetic trematodes in the gill]
1052 ? ~ 1995 WILD WILD AUSTRALIA ~Apr 1998±1m NONE Capture
CAIRNSMAR ~20 Apr 1998 NONE Transfer
LISBOA AQ 6 May 1998 NONE Transfer
3 Dec 1999 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
1053 ? ~ 1997 WILD WILD FLORIDA ~Jul 1999±1m NONE Capture
DYNASTY ~ 9 Aug 1999 NONE Transfer
LISBOA AQ 19 Aug 1999 SP0003 Transfer
20 Aug 1999 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
1054 ? ~ 1997 WILD WILD FLORIDA ~Jul 1999±1m NONE Capture
DYNASTY ~ 9 Aug 1999 NONE Transfer
LISBOA AQ 19 Aug 1999 SP0003 Transfer
10 Oct 1999 Death
[Death by: Mongenetic trematodes in the gill]
1055 ? ~ 1997 WILD WILD FLORIDA ~Jul 1999±1m NONE Capture
DYNASTY ~ 9 Aug 1999 NONE Transfer
LISBOA AQ 19 Aug 1999 SP0003 Transfer
26 Jan 2000 Death
[Death by: Mongenetic trematodes in the gill]
1056 ? ~ 1997 WILD WILD FLORIDA ~Jul 1999±1m NONE Capture
DYNASTY ~ 9 Aug 1999 NONE Transfer
LISBOA AQ 19 Aug 1999 SP0003 Transfer
25 Mar 2000 Death
[Death by: Mongenetic trematodes in the gill]
Totals: 0.0.13 (13)
Location: MARENOSTR
1036 M ~Mar 2007±6m WILD WILD SE ASIA ~ Aug 2007 NONE Capture
MARENOSTR 26 Sep 2007 NONE Transfer
1037 ? ~Mar 2007±6m WILD WILD SE ASIA ~ Aug 2007 NONE Capture
MARENOSTR 26 Sep 2007 NONE Transfer
25 Jun 2008 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
19
Stud # | Sex | Hatch Date | Sire | Dam | Location | Date | Local ID | Event |
1038 ? ~Mar 2007±6m WILD WILD SE ASIA ~ Aug 2007 NONE Capture
MARENOSTR 26 Sep 2007 NONE Transfer
15 Apr 2009 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
1039 M ~ 2007 WILD WILD SE ASIA ~ Aug 2007 NONE Capture
MARENOSTR 3 Oct 2007 NONE Transfer
1040 ? ~Mar 2007±6m WILD WILD SE ASIA ~ Aug 2007 NONE Capture
MARENOSTR 17 Oct 2007 NONE Transfer
28 Aug 2008 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
1041 ? ~Mar 2007±6m WILD WILD SE ASIA ~ Aug 2007 NONE Capture
MARENOSTR 17 Oct 2007 NONE Transfer
27 Apr 2008 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
1042 F ~Mar 2007±6m WILD WILD SE ASIA ~ Aug 2007 NONE Capture
MARENOSTR 5 Dec 2007 NONE Transfer
27 Feb 2008 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
1043 F ~Mar 2007±6m WILD WILD SE ASIA ~ Aug 2007 NONE Capture
MARENOSTR 5 Dec 2007 NONE Transfer
1 Mar 2008 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
Totals: 2.2.4 (8)
Location: OCEAN VAL
1013 M ~May 2005±6m WILD WILD WILD ~Oct 2005±1m NONE Capture
WATERW ~ 1 Nov 2005 NONE Transfer
OCEAN VAL 4 Nov 2005 NONE Transfer
6 Nov 2005 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
1014 ? ~Jun 2005±6m WILD WILD WILD ~Oct 2005±1m NONE Capture
WATERW ~ 1 Nov 2005 NONE Transfer
OCEAN VAL 4 Nov 2005 NONE Transfer
19 Dec 2005 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
1015 F ~Jun 2005±6m WILD WILD WILD ~Oct 2005±1m NONE Capture
WATERW ~ 1 Nov 2005 NONE Transfer
OCEAN VAL 4 Nov 2005 NONE Transfer
4 Jan 2006 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
1016 M ~Jun 2005±6m WILD WILD WILD ~Oct 2005±1m NONE Capture
WATERW ~ 1 Nov 2005 NONE Transfer
OCEAN VAL 4 Nov 2005 NONE Transfer
20
Stud # | Sex | Hatch Date | Sire | Dam | Location | Date | Local ID | Event |
1017 M ~Oct 2007±6m WILD WILD WILD ~Mar 2008±1m NONE Capture
DE JONG ~20 Mar 2008 NONE Transfer
OCEAN VAL 27 Mar 2008 NONE Transfer
28 Mar 2008 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
1018 M ~Mar 2008±1m WILD WILD WILD ~Mar 2008±1m NONE Capture
DE JONG ~20 Mar 2008 NONE Transfer
OCEAN VAL 27 Mar 2008 NONE Transfer
1019 M ~May 2008±1m WILD WILD WILD ~May 2008±1m NONE Capture
DE JONG ~20 Jun 2008 NONE Transfer
OCEAN VAL 25 Jun 2008 NONE Transfer
1024 F 2 Nov 2009 MULTI1 1006 ARNHEM 2 Nov 2009 615583 Birth
OCEAN VAL 9 Jun 2010 NONE Loan to
Totals: 5.2.1 (8)
Locations: PLYMO NMA
1028 F ~ 2004 WILD WILD BARBADOS ~ 2004 NONE Capture
PLYMO NMA 21 Sep 2009 1 Transfer
22 Sep 2009 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
1029 M ~ 2004 WILD WILD BARBADOS ~ 2004 NONE Capture
PLYMO NMA 21 Sep 2009 2 Transfer
25 Sep 2009 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
1030 M 1 Jan 2004 WILD WILD BARBADOS ~ 2004 NONE Capture
PLYMO NMA 21 Sep 2009 3 Transfer
27 Sep 2009 Death
[Death by: Unknown means]
1031 M ~Dec 2009±4m WILD WILD INDONESIA ~14 Jan 2010 NONE Capture
DE JONG ~14 Apr 2010 NONE Transfer
PLYMO NMA 28 Apr 2010 4 Transfer
18 Jul 2010 Death
[Death by: Stopped feeding]
1032 M ~Dec 2009±4m WILD WILD INDONESIA ~14 Jan 2010 NONE Capture
DE JONG ~14 Apr 2010 NONE Transfer
PLYMO NMA 28 Apr 2010 5 (Teon) Transfer
1033 F ~Dec 2009±4m WILD WILD INDONESIA ~14 Jan 2010 NONE Capture
DE JONG ~14 Apr 2010 NONE Transfer
PLYMO NMA 28 Apr 2010 6 (Tambo) Transfer
21
Stud # | Sex | Hatch Date | Sire | Dam | Location | Date | Local ID | Event |
1034 F ~Dec 2009±4m WILD WILD INDONESIA ~14 Jan 2010 NONE Capture
DE JONG ~14 Apr 2010 NONE Transfer
PLYMO NMA 28 Apr 2010 7 (Lya) Transfer
1057 M ~ 2009 WILD WILD INDONESIA 15 Apr 2010 NONE Capture
DE JONG ~15 May 2010 NONE Transfer
PLYMO NMA 30 Jun 2010 8 (Jambi) Transfer
1058 F ~ 2009 WILD WILD INDONESIA 15 Apr 2010 NONE Capture
DE JONG ~15 May 2010 NONE Transfer
PLYMO NMA 30 Jun 2010 9 (Nila) Transfer
Totals: 5.4.0 (9)
23
ARNHEM Burgers’ Zoo Arnhem Netherlands Max Janse m.janse@burgerszoo.nl
BERLINZOO Zoologischer Garten
Berlin
Berlin Germany Rainer Kaiser r.kaiser@zoo-berlin.de
BOULOGNE Nausicaa Ventre
National de la Mer
Boulogne-sur-
Mer
France Stephane Henard aquariology@nausicaa.fr
LISBOA AQ Oceanario de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal Nuria Baylina nbaylina@oceanario.pt
MARENOSTR Aquarium Mare
Nostrum
Montpelier France Nicolas Hirel nicolas.hirel@aquariummarenostrum.fr
MONACO Aquarium du Musée
Océanographique
de Monaco
Monaco Monaco Pierre Gilles p.gilles@oceano.mc
OCEAN VAL L‘Oceanografic Valencia Spain Alfredo Terrón Mari±o aterron@oceanografic.org
PLYMO NMA National Marine
Aquarium
Plymouth England James Wright
Rob Wick
james.wright@national-aquarium.co.uk
rob.wick@national-aquarium.co.uk
Other abbreviations used in Studbook:
AUSTRALIA Australian region.
BARBADOS Central America, American Region
CAIRNS ML Cairns Marine Life, North-Cairns, Queensland, Australia, lyle.jnr@cairnsmarine.com
DE JONG De Jong Marine Life Wholesale, Spijk, The Netherlands, info@dejong.nl
INDONESIA Malay Archipelago, Asian Region
MALDIVES South Central Asia, Asian Region
TMC Tropical Marine Center, UK
UNKNOWN Unknown location
WATERW Waterweelde Wholesale,Oude Haagweg 30, 2552 EP Den Haag, Netherlands
ph. + 31 70 4041783 waterw@wxs.nl Robin Winkels
WILD Obtained From Wild
24
Acknowledgement The studbook keeper with to thank all participants for their information.
Studbook Disclaimer
Copyright (2010) by Burgers’ Zoo. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced in hard copy, machine-readable
or other forms without advance written permission from Burgers’ Zoo. Members of the European
Association of Zoos and Aquariums
(EAZA) may copy this information for their own use as needed. The information contained in this
studbook has been obtained from numerous sources believed to be reliable. EAZA and Burgers’
Zoo make a diligent effort to provide a complete and accurate representation of the data in its
reports, publications, and services. However, EAZA and Burgers’ Zoo do not guarantee the
accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information. EAZA and Burgers’ Zoo make no
warranties or representations of any kind, express or implied including but not limited to warranties
of merchantability of fitness for particular purpose. EAZA and Burgers’ Zoo disclaim all liability
for errors or omissions that may exist and shall not be liable for any incidental, consequential, or
other damages (whether resulting from negligence or otherwise) including, without limitation,
exemplary damages or lost profits arising out of or in connection with the use of this publication.
Because the technical information provided in the studbook can easily be misread or misinterpreted
unless properly analyzed, EAZA and Burgers’ Zoo strongly recommend that users of this
information consult with the Studbook Keeper in all matters related to data analysis and
interpretation.
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