extinguisher type

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Fire fighting

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FIRE IS A CHEMICAL REACTION

TO INITIATE AND MAINTAIN THIS CHEMICAL REACTION, THREE REQUIREMENTS ARE

ESSENTIAL

FUEL - A COMBUSTIBLE SUBSTANCE EITHER SOLID, LIGUID OR GAS

OXYGEN -USUALLY AIR WHICH CONTAINS ,APPROX.21% OXYGEN

HEAT- REQUIRED HEAT. IT VARIES FROM MATERIAL TO MATERIAL.

FUEL, OXYGEN, HEAT

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HEAT

FUEL

OXYGEN

London

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The Combustion ProcessThe Combustion ProcessTHE FIRE TETRAHEDRONTHE FIRE TETRAHEDRON

FUEL

TEMPERATURE

OXYGENCHAIN

REACTION

Room_Flashover_Videos.wmv

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• wood• cloth• paper• rubber• many plastics

• gasoline• oil• grease• tar• oil-based paint• lacquer

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GASES SUCH AS LPG, C2H2, H2 & CH4

METALS SUCH AS Mg, Al, Zn, Na, K, P,Titanium & Zirconium

DCOMBUSTIBLE METALS

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Fire Classes (cont.)Fire Classes (cont.)

K Cooking Media • Recently recognized by NFPA 10.

• Fires involving combustible vegetable or animal non-saturated cooking fats in commercial cooking equipment.

CLASS K FIRESCLASS K FIRES

BUT A BAD

MASTER

O2

Fuel

COOLING

Frog.exe

FIRE PREVENTION IS NOTHING BUT AVOIDING THE COMBINATION OF THREE ELEMENTS .i.e. FUEL, HEAT & OXYGEN

FIRE PREVENTION IS NOTHING BUT AVOIDING THE COMBINATION OF THREE ELEMENTS .i.e. FUEL, HEAT & OXYGEN

FUEL

BLANKETINGHEAT

kitchen fire.wmv

O2 Heat

STARVATION

FIRE PREVENTION IS NOTHING BUT AVOIDING THE COMBINATION OF THREE ELEMENTS .i.e. FUEL, HEAT & OXYGEN

Water type extinguishers have water as extinguishing agent which is released in the form of jet by means of gas pressure.

Water expelling type fire extinguishers are used for class A fire .

To operate remove the Safety clip and strike the plunger. Direct the jet emerging from the nozzle at the base of fire.

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Water expelling type fire extinguishers should not used for electrical fires.Discharge range - 6 Mts ; Duration - 120 seconds

frog

A Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease

C Electrical Equipment

A Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease

C Electrical Equipment

Foam solutions are electrically conductive , therefore are not recommended for use on electrical fire.

Do not direct the jet directly into the burning liquid because it may splash burning liquid on to the surroundings and spread the fire.

Discharge range - 6 Mts

Duration - 60 seconds for 9 litres 14

C Electrical EquipentC Electment

Combustible metals

Electrical

DCP extinguishers are suitable for tackling Petroleum fires, gas fires and fires in electrical equipment.

To operate the extinguishers, remove the safety clip,hold the discharge hose firmly and strike the knob and direct the jet at the base of the fire with side to side sweeping motion.

For fighting class D metal fires special DCP containing mixture of Na, K, and Barium can be used. 15

While operating Dry Chemical Powder type Extinguishers on the open area fires, direct the powder from the opposite side of the wind direction.

This is one time operation can not be stopped intermittently

It is not effective for class A fires, because there is no cooling effect.

Discharge range - 2 metres

Discharge duration - 30 sec.

16sithl

To operate remove the locking pin and unscrew the valve in anti-clockwise direction and direct the gas at the base of the fire.

Co2 is effective as an extinguishing agent because it reduces the oxygen content of air.

CO2 are used to putting out fire in oils, petroleum products, gaseous substances17

Being a gas it can penetrate and spread to all areas affected by fire. CO2 is a non contaminating media, hence very suitable for sophisticated equipment like computer.

CO2 extinguishers are not to be used in fires involving reactive metals like Na, K and Mg.

Hold the discharge horn only in the insulated hand grip area to avoid cold bite.

CO2 is a asphyxiant. So take care while using in confined area

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A Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease

C Electrical Equipment

A Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease

C Electrical Equipment

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TYPE SUITABILITY

WATER TYPE A

FOAM B

DCP B C

B CCO2

SPECIAL DCP D

Stop, drop & roll Immerse the burned area in water

or apply clean wet cloths to areas that can't be immersed. Don't use ice or ice water.

Don’t apply oil, Ghee, Ink or lotion Cut away loose clothing around a

burned area, but don't try to remove clothing that is stuck to the burn

For chemical burns, carefully remove contaminated clothing and flush the affected area for 15 minutes

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Fire Spreads in Minutes Smoke Kills in second

The seriousness of the injury caused by a burn depends on the degree of the burn.

First-degree burns are superficial. Only the top layer of skin is affected. First-degree burns usually heal in a few days.

Second-degree burns are more serious. Additional layers of skin are affected.Swelling occurs, and blisters can open and get infected. Second-degree burns are quite painful and can take several weeks to heal completely.

Third-degree burns are very severe injuries. These burns destroy all layers of skin in the affected area as well as muscle and nerve tissue under the skin. Infection is a potential threat that can make the situation even worse and can take long time to heal completely.

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AVVAI

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Systems and case Ion plating departments are provided with fire alarm system.

The fire alarm system consists of two type of detectors viz heat detectors and smoke detectors

The system will automatically detect any fire and alert the concerned by means of alarm.

The Fire hydrant system consists of 57 single hydrant and 4 double hydrants in a ring main system.

4 hose stations with 10 nozzles and 10 hoses of 15 metres length in each station.

19 fire hose cabinets with 2 hoses in each cabinet.

14 Fire hose reels with 30 metres long rubber hoses. 24

The line pressure is maintained between 80 to 100 psi by means of a jockey pump.

The main electrical pump starts at 55 psi and pumps 2240 LPM

DG pump starts at 35 psi and pumps 2240 LPM

There are 2 fire hydrant sumps each having 100 KL capacity at all time.

25Fire Hose.wmv

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EMPLOYEES Dial 555333

EAP

SECURITY

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Fight fire aggressively, but provide for safety first

Initiate all action based on current and expected fire behaviour

Recognize current weather condition and obtain forecast

Ensure instructions are given and understood

Obtain current information on fire status

Remain in communication with crew members, supervisors and other forcesDetermine Safety zones and escape routes

Establish cordoning in potentially hazardous areas

Retain control of yourself and your crew at all times

Stay alert, keep calm, think clearly and act decisively

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Three basic requirement must exist :  Fuel- in the form of gas, vapor or dust  An oxidizer – usually the oxygen in the air  An ignition source

HSE Alert 154 06 - Propane Explosion(2).wmv

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Flashpoint is the lowest temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapors to form an ignitable mixture with the air near the surface of the liquid.

It is the primary measurement used in classifying liquids. This concept divides liquids that will burn into three categories.Liquids with flashpoints below 37.8°C are called “Class I liquids”

37.8°C (100°F) to 60°C (140°F) known as Class II liquids.

Above 60°C are known as Class III liquids

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To form a potentially explosive atmosphere the mixture of fuel and oxidizer must be within a particular concentration range known as an explosive limit.

For example, gasoline vapors mixed with air will propagate flame between 1.4 and 7.6 percent by volume of gasoline at 21°C (70°F) and atmospheric pressure.

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Concentrations below the lower explosive limit (LEL) are too lean to burn, while those above the upper explosive limit (UEL) are too rich. Anything in between might ignite or explode when an ignition source is present.

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Specific gravity & Vapor density Specific gravity is important in fire prevention planning.

Vapor density is another characteristic that must be recognized when establishing standards and procedures for the storage of flammable liquids.

The vapor density of gasoline is 3.4, indicating that these vapors will settle to the floor, seek low pockets and accumulate.

Almost all flammable liquid vapors have a vapor density greater than 1 and behave in a similar way.

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Electrical sparks or arcsFlamesStatic electricityChemical reactionsMechanical frictionCompression Ignition Non intrinsically-safe Pagers,cell phones, electric power tools, portable generators, welding operations and smoking..

Cholamandalam.pps

Gasoli_1.wmv

Shell cell.wmv

Elect.wmv

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Hazard assessment prior to beginning any task

Exercise caution when working outdoors. Shifts in wind direction can introduce gas into areas previously determined to be safe.

Conduct an explosive limit test. Follow hot work permit systems

Explosive atmospheres often exist in confined space follow proper entry procedures . Explosive limits, particularly in confined spaces, can change quickly

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Controlling flammable liquids begins with containment. The safe handling and storage of flammables demands specific practices as well as specially designed equipment.

Flammable liquid storage cabinets & Safety cans – UL and FM

Super heating

Unexpected

Your safety is ultimate

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S POT THE DANGER

A LERT OTHERS

F IND THE CAUSE

E XAMINE THE ALTERNATIVES

T AKE NECESSARY ACTION

Y OU ARE SAFE

Safety Management