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2018FALL FINAL STUDY
GUIDE REVIEW
It changes from chemical
energy to thermal energy.
1. WHAT ENERGY CHANGE HAPPENS
WHEN A RAINFOREST IS BURNED TO
CLEAR LAND?
Snails release CO2 (carbon
dioxide) during the process
of cellular respiration.
2. WHAT GAS DO SNAILS RELEASE?
Plants and animals can
both perform cellular
respiration.
3. WHICH ORGANISMS PERFORM
CELLULAR RESPIRATION?
Plants use pigments
primarily to absorb light
energy from the sun.
4. WHAT DO PLANTS USE PIGMENTS
FOR?
Reactants: CO2 (carbon
dioxide) + H20 (water) +
sunlight (energy)
Products: C6H12O6
(glucose) + O2 (oxygen)
5. WHAT ARE THE REACTANTS AND
PRODUCTS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
Reactants: C6H12O6
(glucose) + O2 (oxygen)
Products: CO2 (carbon
dioxide) + H2O (water) +
ATP (energy)
6. WHAT ARE THE REACTANTS AND
PRODUCTS OF CELLULAR
RESPIRATION?
Mitochondria
7. WHICH ORGANELLE PRODUCES
ENERGY FOR MUSCLE CELLS?
Most of the blue and red
light is absorbed by
chlorophyll and most of the
green light is reflected.
8. WHY DO LEAVES OF PLANTS LOOK
GREEN?
Chloroplast
9. WHERE DOES PHOTOSYNTHESIS
OCCUR?
Energy moves from the
bottom of the pyramid to
the top of the pyramid.
10. IN AN ENERGY PYRAMID, WHICH
WAY DOES ENERGY TRANSFER?
Producers
11. WHICH LEVEL OF A FOOD CHAIN
GETS THEIR ENERGY FROM AN
OUTSIDE SOURCE?
Any LIVING thing (plants,
animals, bacteria, etc.)
12. WHAT IS A BIOTIC FACTOR?
Primary consumer
13. IF AN ANIMAL IS AN HERBIVORE,
WHERE WOULD IT BE IN THE FOOD
CHAIN?
10% of energy is passed
from one trophic level to
the next, the other 90% is
lost.
14. HOW MUCH ENERGY IS
TRANSFERRED TO EACH TROPHIC
LEVEL IN A FOOD CHAIN?
The first species in a food
chain.
15. WHICH SPECIES IN A FOOD CHAIN
IS AUTOTROPHIC?
The top consumer
(carnivore)
16. WHICH TROPHIC LEVEL IN A FOOD
CHAIN HAS THE SMALLEST BIOMASS?
Mutualism; the flower
provides the insect with
food, and the insect
pollinates the flower.
17. WHAT TYPE OF SYMBIOTIC
RELATIONSHIP EXISTS BETWEEN A
FLOWER AND AN INSECT?
Secondary succession
begins on soil, and primary
succession begins on newly
exposed surfaces.
18. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
SUCCESSION?
Birthrate higher than the
death rate
19. WHAT FACTORS CAN CAUSE A
POPULATION TO GROW?
A major extinction event of
large animals.
20. WHAT ARE EARLY HUNTERS AND
GATHERERS RESPONSIBLE FOR?
Mutualism: both species benefit. (flower & insect)
Parasitism: one benefits, the other is harmed. (tapeworm & animal)
Commensalism: one benefits, the other is not affected. (shark & remora)
21. WHAT ARE THE SYMBIOTIC
RELATIONSHIPS?
The logistic model
considers the
environment’s carrying
capacity.
22. HOW DO EXPONENTIAL AND
LOGISTIC GROWTHS DIFFER?
Decreased birthrate
Increased death rate
Emigration
23. WHAT FACTORS CAN CAUSE A
POPULATION TO DECREASE?
the variety of life in the
world or in a particular
habitat or ecosystem.
Specie preservation can
HELP biodiversity!
24. WHAT IS BIODIVERSITY?
Density dependent only affects when a population reaches a certain size. (Ex: competition, disease)
Density independent can affect any population, regardless of size. (Ex: natural disasters, climate change)
25. WHAT ARE DENSITY DEPENDENT
AND DENSITY INDEPENDENT
FACTORS?
Death rate may rise.
26. WHAT HAPPENS IF A POPULATION
GROWS LARGER THAN ITS CARRYING
CAPACITY?
The role or function of an
organism in an ecosystem.
No two organisms can
share the same niche.
27. WHAT IS A NICHE?
Nonliving component of
an ecosystem (Ex: soil,
rainfall, sunlight,
temperature)
28. WHAT IS AN ABIOTIC FACTOR?
An organism that eats
other organisms (Ex:
consumer – herbivore,
omnivore, carnivore)
29. WHAT IS A HETEROTROPH?
provide energy for plants
by the process of decay
(Ex: fungi, bacteria)
30. WHY ARE DECOMPOSERS
NECESSARY IN AN ECOSYSTEM?
Substance that captures
heat in the atmosphere.
31. WHAT IS A GREENHOUSE GAS?
Series of processes by
which carbon compounds
are converted in the
environment.
32. DEFINE THE CARBON CYCLE.
The amount of CO2 each
person is responsible for
producing.
33. DEFINE CARBON FOOTPRINT.
Carbon is absorbed by the
flower/plant through
photosynthesis.
34. HOW DOES CARBON TRAVEL
FROM THE ATMOSPHERE TO A
FLOWER?
By consuming organisms
on a previous level OR
thorugh photosynthesis/
chemosynthesis
35. HOW DO ORGANISMS IN AN
ENERGY PYRAMID OBTAIN THEIR
ENERGY?
The producers (base).
36. WHICH LEVEL IN AN ENERGY
PYRAMID HAS THE MOST ENERGY?
Yes – they have
mitochondria .
37.DO PLANTS PERFORM CELLULAR
RESPIRATION?
Alcoholic (yeast) and
lactic acid (some bacteria,
muscles).
38. WHAT ARE THE 2 TYPES OF
FERMENTATION?
ATP.
39. WHICH COMPOUND IS
PRODUCED BY RESPIRATION DIRECTLY
PROVIDES US WITH ENERGY?
Light energy to chemical
energy
40. WHAT ENERGY CHANGE HAPPENS
WHEN A PLANT ABSORBS SUNLIGHT?
The maximum number of
organisms that can live in
an area based on limiting
factors.
41. EXPLAIN THE CONCEPT OF
CARRYING CAPACITY.
If population goes over
individuals will die, if under
more births can occur
42. HOW DOES CARRYING CAPACITY
DETERMINE POPULATION SIZE?
Energy flows through food
chains and food webs (10%
rule – 90% used by
organism)
43. EXPLAIN HOW ENERGY FLOWS
THROUGH ECOSYSTEMS.
44. DIAGRAM THE FLOW OF ENERGY
USING A 4 STEP FOOD CHAIN.
Competition: organisms compete for
the same limiting factor
Symbiosis: organisms work together
to obtain their needs
Predation: organism
captures and eats another
45. DESCRIBE EXAMPLES OF
COMPETITION, SYMBIOSIS, AND
PREDATION
46. DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN LOGISTIC AND
EXPONENTIAL GROWTH?
Turn off the TV/Xbox/Lights
when you are not using
them, turn off the water
when you brush your teeth,
etc.
47. WHAT ARE SOME WAYS YOU
COULD REDUCE YOUR CARBON
FOOTPRINT?
Tundra
48. WHICH BIOME HAS COLD
TEMPERATURES AND VERY LITTLE
PRECIPITATION?
Temperate grassland
49. WHICH BIOME HAS WARM
TEMPERATURES AND MEDIUM
RAINFALL?
Glucose
50. WHAT IS AN ENERGY-RICH
ORGANIC COMPOUND NEEDED BY
ALL ORGANISMS?
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