family matters family influence in career development robert c. chope, ph.d. san francisco state...
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FAMILY MATTERSFamily Influence in Career
Development
Robert C. Chope, Ph.D.San Francisco State University
rcchope@sfsu.edu
Good Morning Madison!!
The Doyles
Like father like son Father, Judge James Doyle, ran
unsuccessfully for governor in 1954
Purpose of Presentation Provide an argument for exploring in depth
family issues in career development. Create a means to organize information and
ask personal and family related questions as an aid to the career development process.
Show how cultural expectations, class, and ethnicity add to our understanding of family influences.
Illustrate how the family can contribute to career development.
Part I
Provide an argument for exploring in depth family issues in career development
Illustrations
Four examples illustrate the point
Jack London Mother Knows
Best
Zak Unger
Same story100 Years Later
Wendy Wasserstein
Mother’sDisappointment
George Wein Father’sDisapproval
The Data Are In
Family Matters
What do families want? Fame?
Al Franken, Joshua Bell, Vincent Van Gogh Chuck Ross resubmitted Jerry Kosinski’s
Steps which one the 1969 Nat. Book Award Income stability? Happiness? Community involvement? Don’t do what I did!!
Families influence career choices – why not …
Accentuate the positive Understand the negative Let the career choice unfold like a
story And have the client create a
narrative
Don’t Work Alone, Use the Family
Family of origin affects how people choose a career path Background, history, mobility, support,
conflicts, nurturing and exposure to new ideas
Families and significant others can be used in the career development process
Counselors are in the village, on the team
Family Influence Versus Happenstance
John Krumboltz and his career development
Serendipity Theory Describe three events of
happenstance The use of mentors
Name three important mentors
New Models
In and out economy-Actor modelOrganizational matrices reduce
linearityNever ending job search-Dental modelBuffet-Walk on ModelProject driven work-Portfolio career
modelImagination and Creativity are key
Part II
The purpose of Part II: To create a means to organize
information. To ask personal and family related
questions as an aid to the career development process.
Biography, Blogs and Tweets
A nation of biographers Create chronicles and memory books Create web sites reflecting interest
like a family history site Create a blog to discuss anything
from food to politics Keep the personal network tuned in
with face book, twitter, linked in, et al.
E-Portfolios and Journaling
Just write Discover a focus Contribute daily Look at the journey Give the details (like James Boswell
and Samuel Johnson) Let others comment with postings
New Focus on Context
Peers , teachers, coaches, community officials, and others
Families and interaction patterns The need to know yourself and
your context before you know your career
New Contextual Approaches
Creating narratives, contextualizing career development and utilizing constructivism give added meaning to the counseling process
Family Dictates: Family Histories Can Be Filled With Intrigue
Struggle may ensue Two well-known examples
Andre Agassi Rachel Naomi Remen
Andre Agassi
Reinventing success
Portrait of Andre Agassi
His Story “Open” Hated tennis but played to please father Anxiety/pressure/dropped from school Turned pro to a life he hated His drug use shows how counselors must
treat more than the career decision He was able to make his career his own
Rachel Naomi Remen
The Jewish Doctor finds wiggle room
Savickas’ Career Styles Interview
Models-Who do you admire? Why? Books-Favorite book? Why? Magazines? (Web sites?) TV (Games?) Movies-Which on a stranded island Leisure-Free time activities School subjects
Career Styles (cont)
Mottos-Do you have a motto or favorite saying?
Ambitions What do your parents want? (What do your friends want?) What are your ambitions? What do you day dream about?
Career Styles (cont)
Decisions- Describe an important decision you have made and how you were able to make it.Counseling moves from “fit” to belonging, from similarity to uniqueness, from interests to career path, discovering the “hidden reasons” that guide the story.
Systematic Methods for Gathering Information
Genogram Retrospective Questionnaires
Career Genogram
Picture the origin of family career expectations and congruence
Family success and failure Patterns of career choice Contextual influences and genetics
Some Questions With the Genogram
Who do you identify with? Whose aspirations are similar to
yours? What are the dominant values? Are there myths, ghosts, legends? Are there secrets? What are the interactions like? What are the pressures?
Retrospective Questionnaires
Amundson’s Significant Other Questionnaire
Taylor’s Family Work History Family Constellation Questionnaire Chope’s Family Protocol
Chope Protocol
What kind of career related information does the family provide?
What kind of tangible assistance is provided?
What kind of emotional support is provided?
Chope Protocol (cont)
Is your client concerned about the impact of the career choice on the family?
What disruptive events affected your client or other members of the family?
What are the actions of the family members who are asked to help and the actions of those not asked to help?
What Were the Disruptions?
Untimely moves Tragedies Homelessness Incarceration Divorce Military service Non events
How Does the Family Help?
In Summary
Career information possibilities, alternatives, traditions
Emotional support Emotional pressure Available resources Networks
Part III
The purpose of Part III: Show how cultural expectations,
environment, class, and ethnicity add to understanding family influence.
Diversity
Cultural expectations Examples
The Korean one year old The Thai Monk
Considering Multicultural Context
Multiethnic and diversified groups remain worse off than white peers
Diminished employment opportunities are a significant source of stress
Cultural Stressors
Biological stressPhysical stressPsychological stressFamily stressSocial stressCultural stress
Other Considerations
Younger family members access global information
Loss of filial pietyDesire for autonomy, self
expression, and individually oriented achievement
Many witnessed family career reconstruction
Ten Issues for Understanding Family
Influence
1 Cultural Identity
Cultural identity in a multicolored world is complicated
What is the impact of assimilation?Look at the questions asked about
President Obama
2 Acculturation Modes
Acculturation vs. enculturationPride vs. shameInclusion vs. separationAdopting new values vs. holding on
to indigenous values
3 Demographic Environment
What is the nature of the population in the area where the client resides and how representative is it of the client's culture?
4 Diversity within Cultural Groupings
Counselors need to be sensitive to variations within a culture.
A broad categorization like "Latino/a" or "Hispanic" can be South American, Central American, Iberian, Cuban, Caribbean, Mexican and other cultures.
Middle Eastern ethnic groups share many similarities in culture and traditions but have many differences including language (e.g. Arabic, Persian, Farsi, Iraqi, and Armenian) as well as differences in religion.
5 Legal Status
This is likely to be a sensitive topic for many immigrants. The documentation status of a person and the family has important implications on career decision making. Legal services referrals may be appropriate in certain circumstances.
6 Language
Language is an important source of identity for people.
Dialect may represent identity.
Language your client uses at home may not be used at work or in school.
7 Religion
Religious values may play an important role in career choices.
People who follow a non mainstream religion may feel uncomfortable on the job.
8 Attitudes About WorkThe worldview of the family and culture should be addressed. Some families want their children to earn money and be independent. Others want them to achieve. Others want them to refrain from drawing attention to themselves.
9 Rules in the Family System
Families may have different rules about the power and the influence of the extended family. Grandparents, aunts, cousins, and uncles may have a role regarding career selection and education different from other cultures. Confronting or disagreeing with parents can be seen as a sign of disrespect.
10 Gender StereotypesMost cultures have gender stereotypes regarding the roles that men and women play relative to work, educational experiences, and family responsibilities.
Career counselors should be aware of the differential expectations regarding appropriateness of jobs for each gender.
A most interesting question is how a woman’s success affects the family relationship.
Part IV
How the family can contribute to career development?
Alan & Louis
Modeling
Ryan Sadowski
Why is this important?
Group Decision MakingNetworking---Relocating
Linked in, Facebook, My Space, Twitter
Family knows you Reflect on past—photos, letters,
report cards, vacations, events, who you were
Mattering
People need to feel that they matter-it is why we visit loved ones at holidays and in hospitals
Lowers depression and anxiety and increases wellness
Fantasy has power—Cold Mountain Practical advice is given, ideas are
generated
But families can hurt
Destroy creativity Demand that you know what you
are doing before getting started Demand that you not offend Demand that everything is run
through them first Criticize every step of the way
Indecision results
How families can help
Listen more, judge less Support risk taking Forge new connections Prevent career indecision Promote positive career beliefs
Integrating families, teachers and counselors
Work with English teachers to craft assignments about family experiences with work.
Have the stories become a part of the students’ career planning files.
Use technology like Youtube to find varieties of career experience
Conclusion
Exploring family influence allows for a deeper appreciation of the uniqueness of all clients and the cultures they came from and are now part of.
Being aware of differential pressures on people and their responses to them makes a counselor culturally sensitive and effective.
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