farming system research and advisory services

Farming system Research and Advisory services

CSR ON FARM (ECF) RESEARCH CENTER

IGKV,RMD, COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE & RESEARCH

STATIONAMBIKAPUR, DISTRICT-

SURGUJA (C.G.)

Farming system-Concept

• Farming System is a complex inter related matrix of soil, plants, animals, implements, power, labour capital and other inputs controlled in part by farming families and influenced to varying degrees by political, economic, institutional and social forces that operate at many levels.

• In the farming system, the farm is considered as an entity of inter dependent farming enterprises to be carried out on it (farm). The farm is viewed in a holistic manner. The farmers are subjected to many socio-economic; biophysical, institutional, administrative and technological constraints.

• The farming system conceptually is a set of elements or components that are interrelated and interact among themselves. At the centre of the interaction is the farmer- exercising control and choice regarding the types of results of interaction.

• The income from cropping alone for small and marginal farm is often insufficient to sustain the farmer’s family. But, under Farming system management a judicious mix of one or more of Suitable enterprises viz. Dairy, Fishery, Piggery, horticulture etc. with agronomic crop, has been initiated to complement the farm income and helping in recycling the farm residues/wastes The selection of enterprises was mainly based on the cardinal principles of minimizing the competition and maximizing the complementary behavior between the enterprises.

• The multi disciplinary approach has been under taken for developing the various farming systems models in accordance with the agro-eco systems in Northern hills zone of CG.

Objectives of FSA :• To develop farm- house hold systems for rural

communities on a sustainable basis• To improve efficiency in farm production• To raise farm and family income. • To increase welfare of farm families and satisfy their basic needs.• To create an opportunity for developing diversified models for different type of farmers and different category of farmers. • To bring consequential a complex change through F.S. model developed by On Farm -Research and Extension

Programmes.

• To take the help from Government line department for necessary intervention needed for development of farming systems enterprises.

• To ensure complements component-oriented approach

To ensure active participation of rural communities.

• Emphasizing understanding of farm house hold- community inter linkages. • Review constraints and assesses potentials • To combine improvements desired from better technology.• Timely analysis, planning testing, monitoring and evaluation of programmes for continuous, dynamic and interactive learning process.

• In view of serious limitations on horizontal expansion of land and agriculture, only alternative left is for vertical expansion through various farm enterprises require less space and time but giving high productivity and ensuring periodic income specially for the small and marginal farmers..

• The following farm enterprises could be combined.

• AGRI – LIVESTOCK• AGRI – LIVESTOCK – POULTRY• AGRI – HORT – LIVESTOCK• AGRO – FORESTRY, SILVI – PASTORAL• RICE + FISH• RICE + FISH + MUSHROOM• FLORICULTURE + APIARY (Bee-keeping)• Fishery+ Duckery+ Poultry

• For meaningful execution of integrated farm-enterprises, the following activities have been undertaken by

• a multi-disciplinary team and Extension Professional with farmers participation and involvement at all stages.

Through:

• Thorough understanding of existing farming systems and their components

• Assessment of resource availability in the farm environment and identification of bio-physical, socio-economic, institutional, administrative and technological constraints.

• Developments of economic viable and efficient integrated farming systems suitable for various Farming conditions.

• Diffusion of improved technology and receiving “feed back” for further improvement of the system as a whole.

• Continuous improvement in components technology to fit into a given farming system

• Improvement in quality of farming system.

• Research-Extension linkage through “On farm Adaptive Research”.

Summary

• Due to ever increasing population and decreasing per capita availability of land in India, there is little scope for horizontal expansion of land for food, feed, fuel and fibre production.

• Only vertical expansion is possible by integrating various farm enterprises requiring less space and time and ensuring periodic income to the farmer.

• The farming system approach, therefore, assumes great

importance for sound management of farm resources to enhance farm productivity, reduce the degradation of environmental quality, improve the quality of life of farmers and above all to maintain sustainability in farm production and productivity.

Predominant farming system in the area of operation

S. No.

Crop component

Area (ha) % of farmers

Important constraints (not more than prioritized three) leading to low productivity

1         

Rice 330.2 100% (i) Lack of irrigation

2         

Wheat 41 33.50 (ii) Sub-optimal use of fertilizer

3         

Maize 59 79.31 (iii) Use of less productive local

4         

Mustard 50.2 28.58 seed and varieties

5         

Arhar 26.6 52.70 (iv) Lack of proper plant

6         

Ramtil 43.1 27.10 protection measure (weed, insect, pest and disease).

7         

Urd 17.9 34.98

8         

Groundnut 13.7 13.79  

9         

Vegetable 62 (Kharif+Rabi)

(54 +8)

30.54  

*Total Survey of 208 Farmers were conducted before under taking the FSR Prog.

Other components Average No. Total farmers having components

Cow 1.92 135

Buffalo 2.32 53

Goat 4.70 108

Sheep - -

Beekeeping - -

Poultry 14.34 46

Fishery 1.12 08

Piggery 11.31 19

Wage 40 man days 128

Sr. No.

Components Area/NO. Av. Income(Rs.)

% age of Total Income

1 CROPS 643 ha crops 7235.00 61.84

2 Cow 1.92 1815.00 10.56

3 Buffalo 2.30 2079.00 2.10

4 Goat 4.70 716.00 3.20

5 Poultry 14.37 1650.00 4.26

6 Piggery 11.3 2708.00 2.22

7 Fishery 1.12 3870.00 1.60

8 Wages & Others Income

40 man-days 2576.00 14.22

II. Farmers are getting income from different

components of farming

Farming System Studies of Small , Medium and large farmers

(A) Most Common farming system:- Crops +Dairy

Major crops: Rice, Wheat, Maize, Toria and Groundnut.

Vegetables: potato, cabbage, onion, cauliflower,

cucurbits etc.

Major animals:- Cows and Buffaloes

Other Enterprises:- goatary , poultry, fisheries &

piggery

Orchards:-Mango & Jackfruits, Litchi etc.

Major Constraints:-

Crops :- (i) Use of local or over years old T.L. seed of crop varieties. (ii) Sub- optimal use of fertilizer (iii) Poor plant protection. Dairy :- (i) Indegenous low yielding local (2-3 Lit.milk /day) breeds of cows. (ii) Fodder with low Nutritive value-i.e., Rice straw, wheat straw, lack of leguminous green fodder, concentrate, Minerals etc.

Fruit cultivation:-

• Jackfruit, mango, guava, custard apple & litchi are major fruit plantation of fruit tree species. Even in improved varieties of Mango, Jackfruit & litchi etc. Proper schedules of manuring and fertilizers, Irrigation and Plant protection for proper fruit setting and prevention of fruit drops, are not followed .

Fishery, piggery, Poultry & goatery:-

• Lack of suitable species/breeds and rearing technique; Low productivity and body weight due to poor feeding and health care.

Farming System’s Model At

Farmer’s Fields Adopted Under CSR Farming

System Research And Advisory Services, IGKV ECF Center Ambikapur .

(C.G.)

• Ten farmers having different farming systems enterprises (components) were selected under CSR farming system research and advisory services, Ambikapur.

• The initial or existing component wise evaluation were made and improvements suggested as intervention were proposed as projected - component wise farming system development programme for each farmers.

. Finally the real progress made by individual farmer in respect of enhancement in income of particular component and over all farming system over existing system were evaluated. • The farming systems advisory committee consisting of

scientists/expert, agronomy, Horticulture, Plant protection, Animal nutrition and Veterinary science was constituted to suggest and monitor the component wise improvement in farming system of adopted farmers. The summarized reports are as given below:

Title: Impact Of Technological Interventions & Advisory

Services On Improvement Of Farming Systems Production And Profitability Of Different

Categories Of Farmers

S.N

o.

Name of the farmers and components

Component wise income

Initial

FC+V O D G P F/Pig Total

1 Sailendra Majumdar (FC+Veg.+Orc.+Fish+D)

37950 7700 25000

2400 4000 6000 83050

2 Sh. Anil Adhikari(FC+Veg.+O.+D)

98000 8000 - - - - 106000

3 Sh. Dwarika Pd. Kushwaha (FV+O+D)

37500 10500 20000

- - - 68000

4 Sh. Radhe Gupta(FC+V+D)

60000 2000 21500

2000 10000

- 95500

5 Sh Indra San Kushwaha(FC+V+D)

52700 - 4000 - - - 56700

6 Sh. Ram Prasad(FC+V+G+Pig)

39500 - - 500 650 13000(pig)

53650

7 Sh. Kamlesh Gupta(FC+V+O+D+P+G+F)

17000 1000 12000

900 1000 - 31900

FC- Field crops, Veg.- Vegetable , Orc.- Orchard, Fish- Fisheries, D- Dairy, P- Poultry, Pig- Piggary, G- Goat\

EFFECT OF FARMING SYSTEM'S STRENGTHENING PROGRAMME ON FARMERS INCOME

EFFECT OF FARMING SYSTEM'S STRENGTHENING PROGRAMME ON FARMERS INCOME

Farmer name &

Achieved after 2 years-Component wise Income Income increased %

Components FC+V O D G P F/Pig. Total

1.S. Majumdar (FC+Veg.+Orc.

+Fish+D

97010 18950 72960 2500 11000 15000 217420 161

2 . Anil Adhikari(FC+Veg.+O.+D)

145738 26800 15000 - - - 172238 62

3. Dwarika Pd. Kushwaha

(FV+O+D)

154570 14200 66000 - - - 234770 245

4. Radhe Gupta(FC+V+D)

193280 7000 49500 4500 32000 - 286280 199

5 Indra San Kushwaha

(FC+V+D)

121825 - 16000 - - - 137825 143

6. Ram Prasad(FC+V+G+Pig)

110440 - - 2300 4600 18500(pig)

135840 153

7. Kamlesh Gupta(FC+V+O+D+P+

G+F)

61800 1000 842000 4500 43000 64000 1015300 3082

S.N

o.

Name of the farmers and component

Income (Rupees) Cropping Intensity(%)

Initial Achieved

Increse(%)

Initial Achieved

Increse

(%)

1 Sailendra Majumdar (FC+Veg.+Orc.+Fish+D)

83050 217420 161 118 207 75

2 Sh. Anil Adhikari(FC+Veg.+O.+D)

106000 172238 62 207 259 25

3 Sh. Dwarika Pd. Kushwaha (FV+O+D)

68000 234770 245 200 256 28

4 Sh. Radhe Gupta(FC+V+D)

95500 286280 199 130 161 24

5 Sh Indra San Kushwaha(FC+V+D)

56700 137825 143 262 275 5

6 Sh. Ram Prasad(FC+V+G+Pig)

53650 135840 153 138 190 29

7 Sh. Kamlesh Gupta(FC+V+O+D+P+G+F)

31900 1015300 3082 107 172 60

EFFECT OF FARMING SYSTEM'S STRENGTHENING PROGRAMME ON FARMERS INCOME & CROPPING INTENSITY

PACKAGE FOR NUTRITION & HEALTH CARE FOR ANIMAL COMPONENTS

S.No Animal

Components

Animal Components Nutrition & health care package

Before After

1. Cow-Buffalos

Productivity

Growth/development

Concievement/dry period

Average milk 6.8Lit./per day

Average bodyweight

irregular & poor

Average 9.5 Liter milk per day (increased 25%)

Sound growth & body weight

proper & regular 2. Calf Mortality % Higher (50 -

60%) Minimum (10 to 15%)

3. Poultry Mortality % Body wt. in one month

30 to 40%

0.5 to 0.6 kg

5 to 10%

0.9 to 1.2 kg

4. Goat Mortality %

Growth

Productivity

Higher 30%

Poor

01 each

Low 5-10%

Healthy (25% higher body weight)

02

5. Piggery Mortality % Growth Productivity

Higher 30%

Poor

02 at a time

Less 5 to 10%

Healthy fast growth (40% higher)

3-5 at a time

PACKAGE FOR NUTRITION & HEALTH CARE FOR ANIMAL COMPONENTS

S/No Animal

component

No Package/Nutritional supplement

1. Cow 26 Nutrition : Syrp. Ostovate + Vimerol (100+60ml)/day/ animal Min.Mix. Chelated Agriminefort 30gm/animal/day

Buffalos 09 Dewarming : Tab. Panacar 1.5gm x 2 each animal

Total 35 Feeds & Fodders : Chari, Barseem Oat, Maize grain, Oil cakes

2. Calf 16 Nutrition : Syrp. Ostovate + Vimerol (20ml/day)

. Dewarming : Albomar 10ml each/day

3 Poultry 200 Syrp. Vimerol 5ml per liter water

Oxitetra cycline 5gm per liter water

4 Goat 15 Syrp. Ostovate + Vimerol (20ml/day)

Albomar 10ml per goat once

5. Piggary 10 Chilated Agrimineforte 20gm/day/animal

Albomar 20ml/pig./day

Cropping sys.

Maize Cabbage Potato Onion

Sowing/TP

April 10th June 20th Sept. 20th January 5th

Variety Pro-agro 4212

Laurel/Bahar

Early Jawahar Royal Selection-1

Spacing (cm)

50x25 50x30 50x20 15x10

Fertilizer NPK kg/ha

80:50:30 120:80:50 120:80:50 120:80:50

Micronutrients - Zinc sulphate 25kg + Multiplex - 50kg/ha.

FYM ton/ha

10-15 ton/ha

Yield q/ha

160 (GC) 250 150 200

Aprox Cost System Rs. 80000ha.

Net Income Rs. - 150000ha.

Suitable Cropping systems for Remunerative production

Cropping sys.

Chilli Green pea

Wheat Maize

Sowing/TP

10 March 15 Sept.

20 Dece. 15 April

Variety Tejashwani/ CM-Hot/ Godawari

Golden /Aric

le

Vidisha 4212 (GC)

Spacing (cm)

80x50 30x10 20cm 50x20

NPK kg/ha

120:100:80 30:60:20

100:60:40

80:50:30

Micronutrients - Zinc sulphate 30kg + Multiplex - 100kg

FYM ton/ha

20 ton/ha

Yield q/ha 200 125 35 150 (GC)Aprox Cost System Rs. - 80000.00

Net Income Rs. - 120000.00

Cropping sys.

Maize Toria Wheat Maize

Sowing/TP

10 June 15 Sept. 20 Dece. 15 April

Variety Pro-agro 4212

JT-1 Vidisha Pro-agro-4212

Spacing (cm)

50x25 30R-R 20R-R 50x20

Fertilizer NPK kg/ha

80:50:30

80:50:30 100:60:40 80:50:30

FYM ton/ha

10-15 - - -

Yield q/ha 150 10 35 150

Aprox Cost System Rs. - 50000.00

Net Income Rs. - 80000.00

Agronomic Management practices for increased production of sugarcane.

Objective : To increase the yield by addressing the most important (Limiting) factor no.-1 responsible for low yield i.e., improved variety and constraint No.2 ie. use of recommended dose of fertilizer for sugarcane.

T1 Farmers practice (local variety and less fertilizer 80:48:24 NPK kg/ha)

T2 T1(Farmers practice )+ use of improved variety –Co 8201.

T3 T1(Farmers practice) + recommended dose of fertilizer-200:80:100 NPK kg/ha.

T4 All the recommended package of practices , i.e. improve variety + recommended fertilizer + Integrated nutrients (Zinc Sulphate @25kg/ha) and weed management (Atrazine 1.5Kg a.i./ha) etc.

.

TreatmentsT1-FP T2-FP+IV T3-

FP+RF

ARP

Yield (T/ha) 48.20 69.62 98.50 143.80

Income(Rs./ha) 53020 75900 108350 157180

Cost (Rs./ha) 28400 33300 34700 44300

Net Income(Rs./ha)

24620 42600 73650 112880

B/C Ratio 0.87 1.27 2.12 2.55

Additional Net income overFP

- 17980 49030 88260

FP-Farmers Practice, IV-Improved Variety, RF-Recommended Fertilizer,ARF-All Recommended Packages & Practices Price cane-Rs. 1000/ton

Economical analysis of sugarcane production under different treatments

.

TreatmentsT1-FP T2-FP+IV T3-

FP+RF

ARP

Yield (T/ha) 48.20 69.62 98.50 143.80

Tillers/hill 4.10 5.6 6.90 8.80

Weight/Can (kg) 1.25 1.57 1.70 2.36

NetIncome (Rs/ha) 24620 42600 73650 112880

B/C Ratio 0.87 1.27 2.12 2.55

Additional Net income overFP

- 17980 49030 88260FP-Farmers Practice, IV-Improved Variety, RF-Recommended Fertilizer,ARF-All Recommended Packages & Practices Price cane-Rs. 1000/ton

Economical Analysis and Yield Attributes of Sugarcane under different treatments

Other profitable systems ( Intensive)

• 1. Cabbage-Potato-Onion-Maize + Cowpea • 2. Maize-Cabbage-Potato-Onion-Cowpea• 3. Chilli -Table pea –Onion -Maize +Cowpea• 4. Cabbage-Cauliflower-Onion-Maize+Cowpea • 5. Colocasia -Cabbage-Onion-Cucurbits• 6. Maize-Brinjal • 7. Maize-Potato-Tomato-Onion+Cowpea • 8. Rice-Tomato-Onion-Maize+Cowpea • 9. Ginger-Onion-Maize. • Common Systems:• 1. Rice-Wheat-Moong• 2. Maize-Toria-Wheat• 3. Maize-Tablepea-Maize• 4. Maize-Wheat-Cucurbits • 5. Rice-Cabbage/Cauliflower• 6. Groundnut-Wheat-Maize

Maize Based Cropping Systems

Maize-Tomato at adopted (FS)Farmers Field

Rice Based Cropping Systems

A View Of Field Day

Maize Based Cropping Systems

PERFORMANCE OF HYB. RICE PRO-6201 UNDER RICE BASED CROPPING SEQUENCE

RESPONSE OF MAJOR NUTRIENTS IN RICE-WHEAT SEQUENCE

MAIZE BASED CROPPING SEQUENCE

MAIZE-WHEAT SYSTEM

A VIEW OF OILSEED CROPS

TABLE PEA-AJAD PEA-1

Agronomical Management In Groundnut-Wheat System

Maize based Cropping System

VISIT OF Dr.M.S. GILL TO FARMERS UNDER F.S.R.

AMBIKAPUR(ECF)

VISIT OF Dr.M.S. GILL ,DIRECTOR-PDCSR

TO FARMERS UNDER F.S.R.AMBIKAPUR(ECF)

Visit Of Hon' able Vice Chancellor Dr. C.R. Hazra

Visit Of Hon' able Vice Chancellor Dr. C.R. Hazra