feeding blends of fatty acids · 2019. 9. 20. · feeding blends of fatty acids: palmitic &...
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2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
Adam L. LockAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Animal Science
Feeding Blends of Fatty AcidsUPDATE ON PALMITICAND OLEIC ACIDS
The Fatty Acid Forum sponsored by
2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
Use of FA for other purposesEnergy and/or glucose sparingDelivery of n-3 + n-6 FA
Effects on DMI FA digestibility
MilkFat/lactose
BH or UFAShifts in BH pathwaysEffects on microbial populationsEffects on NDF/starchEffects on NDF/starch Kd
Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Impact of Dietary Fatty Acids on Digestion, Metabolism, & Nutrient Use in Lactating Dairy CowsDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University
RUMEN
MAMMARYGLAND
SMALLINTESTINE
Balance of 18-C + de novo FADirect effect of specific FA
MFD intermediates↓ Milk fat synthesis↑ BW/BCS
ADIPOSELIVER
16:0 18:0 18:1 18:2 18:3
2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Recent Focus on Palmitic, Stearic, and Oleic AcidsDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University
ADIPOSE
MAMMARYGLAND
16:0 18:0 18:1
2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
90%
60%
Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Recent Focus on Palmitic, Stearic, and Oleic AcidsDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University
ADIPOSE
MAMMARYGLAND
16:0 18:0 18:1 • C18:0, under typical feeding situations, is the predominant FA available for absorption by the dairy cow (due to BH)• Represent the majority of FA in milk
fat and adipose tissue• Predominant FA in the 3 main
categories of dietary FA supplements
2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
90%
60%
Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Recent Focus on Palmitic, Stearic, and Oleic AcidsDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University
ADIPOSE
MAMMARYGLAND
16:0 18:0 18:1 • All three FA are important for dairy cow metabolism• Is there an “ideal” ratio among C16:0,
C18:0, and C18:1 to optimize their utilization• Interactions with other dietary and
animal factors
2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
Fatty Acid, g/100g Ca-Salt PFAD Mix C16:0-Enriched
Myristic 2.0 2.7 1.6
Palmitic 51.0 32.8 89.7
Stearic 4.0 51.4 1.0
Oleic (n-9) 36.0 5.8 5.9
C18:2 (n-6) 7.0 0.8 1.3
Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic 3 Major Categories of FA Supplements AvailableDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University
16:0
18:0
18:1
18:2
14:0
Saturated Free FA Supplements
2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
• Supplement blends fed at 1.5% DM• Blends of 3 commercially
available FA supplements:• C16:0-enriched free FA
supplement• C16:0 and C18:0 free FA
supplement• Ca-salt palm FA• Blended in different ratios to
alter content of C16:0,C18:0, and C18:1• 24 cows in a 4 x 4 Latin square
with 21 d periods
Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Effect of Altering the FA Profile of Supplemental Fatson Apparent Total Tract NDF DigestibilityDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University
0.9%
-1.3%
0.8%
42
43
44
45
Control 80% C16:0 40% C16:0 +40% C18:0
45% C16:0 +35% C18:1
ND
F d
iges
tib
ility
, %
de Souza, et al., 2018. J. Dairy Sci. 101:172–185
2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
de Souza, et al., 2018. J. Dairy Sci. 101:172–185
All Pvalue for FA treatment = 0.01
85
80
75
70
65
60
Total FA Digestibility %
Control 80% 40% 45% C16:0 C16:0+ C16:0+
40% 35% C18:0 C18:1
-10%
2.0%16-Carbon FA Digestibility %
Control 80% 40% 45% C16:0 C16:0+ C16:0+
40% 35% C18:0 C18:1
-12%
-4%
Control 80% 40% 45% C16:0 C16:0+ C16:0+
40% 35% C18:0 C18:1
-8%
18-Carbon FA Digestibility %
ab
b
c
a
b
c
a a a a
b
Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Effect of Altering the FA Profile of Supplemental Fatson Apparent Total Tract FA DigestibilityDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University
2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
55
60
65
70
0 20 40 60
Tota
l tra
ct F
A d
iges
tib
ility
, %
Oleic Acid Infusion, g/d
Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Abomasal Infusion of Oleic Acid Improves Total Tract Fatty Acid DigestibilityDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University
Prom & Lock (ADSA Abstract, 2018)
2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Effect of C16:0 Intake on Fat andEnergy-Corrected Milk YieldsDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University
de Souza & Lock, 2018. J. Dairy Sci. 101:3044-3056
35
40
45
50
55
0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70
EC
M, k
g/d
Day
CON PA
P valuesTreatment <0.01, Time <0.01Treatment x Time= 0.18
y = 0.25x + 1429R² = 0.34P < 0.01
900
1100
1300
1500
1700
1900
0 200 400 600 800 1000
To
tal m
ilk F
A, g
/d
C16:0 intake, g/d
de Souza & Lock, 2018. TSDNC
2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
44
46
47
49
Control 80%C16:0
40%C16:0 +
40%C18:0
45%C16:0 +
35%C18:1
EC
M, k
g/d
Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Effect of Palmitic, Stearic, and Oleic Acidsin Post Peak CowsDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University
de Souza, et al., 2018. J. Dairy Sci. 101:172–185
PvalueFA treatment = 0.01
c
a
b b
2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
44
46
47
49
Control 80%C16:0
40%C16:0 +
40%C18:0
45%C16:0 +
35%C18:1
EC
M, k
g/d
Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Effect of Palmitic, Stearic, and Oleic Acidsin Post Peak CowsDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University
de Souza, et al., 2018. J. Dairy Sci. 101:172–185 de Souza et al. 2019. J. Dairy Sci. in press
2.7kg
Ratio of C16:0 to C18:1 in FA Blend
65
60
55
50
45
40
35Low High
Production Level• 80:10 • 73:17 • 66:24 • 60:30
6.7kgPvalueFA treatment = 0.01
PvaluesTreatment = 0.87, Production <0.01, Treatment x Production = 0.05
c
a
b b
2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
• 80:10 • 60:30
48
49
50
51
52
53
80:10 60:30
EC
M, k
g/d
Treatment
Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Effect of Palmitic to Oleic Ratio and Production Level on ECMDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University
Western, de Souza & Lock (ADSA Abstract 2018)
32 cows in a cross over study with 21 d periodsSupplements fed at 1.5% DM; blends made using combinations ofcommercially available C16:0-enriched and Ca-salts palm oil supplements
Ratio of C16:0 to cis-9 C18:1 in FA blend
28.0
38.0
48.0
58.0
68.0
78.0
28.0 38.0 48.0 58.0 68.0
EC
M, k
g/d
Preliminary milk yield, kg/d
PvaluesTreatment = 0.35, PMY <0.01Treatment x PMY = 0.04
2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
Control 80% C16:0 40% C16:0 +40% C18:0
45% C16:0 +35% C18:1
Pla
sma
Insu
lin
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
Control 80% C16:0 40% C16:0 +40% C18:0
45% C16:0 +35% C18:1
BW
ch
ange
, kg/
dFeeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Effect of Altering the FA Profile ofSupplemental Fats on BW and InsulinDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University
de Souza & Lock, 2018. TSDNC
a
bb
b
All Pvalue for FA treatment = 0.01
a
bb
b
2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
0.00
0.30
0.60
0.90
1.20
BW
ch
ange
, kg/
dFeeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Effect of Palmitic, Stearic, and Oleic Acidsin Post Peak CowsDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University
de Souza et. al. 2019. J. Dairy Sci. in press de Souza & Lock (ADSA Abstract 2017)
• 80:10 • 73:17 • 66:24 • 60:30
Ratio of C16:0 to C18:1 in FA Blend
y = 0.02x - 0.07R² = 0.19
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0In
sulin
, mg/
L
Adipose C18:1
y = 0.06x - 1.97R² = 0.44
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
30 40 50
BW
ch
ange
, kg/
d
Adipose C18:1
2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Abomasal Infusion of Oleic Acid Increases Plasma Insulin in Post Peak CowsDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University
Prom et al. (ADSA Abstract, 2018)
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
0 20 40 60
Pla
sma
Insu
lin, µ
g/d
L
Oleic Acid Infusion, g/d
2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
50
55
60
65
70
75
CON 80:10 70:20 60:30
Treatment
Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Effect of Altering the Palmitic to Oleic Acid Ratioof Supplemental Fats to Fresh CowsDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University
de Souza, Prom, & Lock (ADSA 2019)
CON: Control diet (no supplemental fat)FA supplement blends fed at 1.5% DMSupplemental fat blends fed from calving for first 3 wk of lactation
Dry Matter Digestibility % Fatty Acid Digestibility % Digestible Energy Intake, Mcal/d
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
CON 80:10 70:20 60:30
Treatment
67
68
69
70
71
72
CON 80:10 70:20 60:30
Treatment
PvaluesCON vs. FAT <0.01, Linear <0.01
PvaluesCON vs. FAT <0.01, Linear <0.01
PvaluesCON vs. FAT <0.01, Linear <0.01
2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
730
1 2 3
BW
, kg
Week Postpartum
CON 80:10
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
1 2 3
EC
M, k
g
Week Postpartum
CON 80:10
16
18
20
22
24
1 2 3
DM
I, kg
Week Postpartum
CON 80:10
Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Effect of Altering the Palmitic to Oleic Acid Ratioof Supplemental Fats to Fresh CowsDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University
de Souza, Prom, & Lock (ADSA 2018)
CON: Control diet (no supplemental fat)FA supplement blends fed at 1.5% DMSupplemental fat blends fed from calving for first 3 wk of lactation
PvaluesCON vs. FAT = 0.19Linear = 0.14Quadratic = 0.94
PvaluesCON vs. FAT = 0.01Linear = 0.41Quadratic = 0.71
PvaluesCON vs. FAT = 0.71Linear = 0.10Quadratic = 0.69
2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
730
1 2 3
BW
, kg
Week Postpartum
CON 80:10
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
1 2 3
EC
M, k
g
Week Postpartum
CON 80:10
16
18
20
22
24
1 2 3
DM
I, kg
Week Postpartum
CON 80:10 70:20 60:30
Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Effect of Altering the Palmitic to Oleic Acid Ratioof Supplemental Fats to Fresh CowsDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University
de Souza, Prom, & Lock (ADSA 2018)
CON: Control diet (no supplemental fat)FA supplement blends fed at 1.5% DMSupplemental fat blends fed from calving for first 3 wk of lactation
PvaluesCON vs. FAT = 0.19Linear = 0.14Quadratic = 0.94
PvaluesCON vs. FAT = 0.01Linear = 0.41Quadratic = 0.71
PvaluesCON vs. FAT = 0.71Linear = 0.10Quadratic = 0.69
2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
730
1 2 3
BW
, kg
Week Postpartum
CON 80:10
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
1 2 3
EC
M, k
g
Week Postpartum
CON 80:10 70:20 60:30
16
18
20
22
24
1 2 3
DM
I, kg
Week Postpartum
CON 80:10 70:20 60:30
Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Effect of Altering the Palmitic to Oleic Acid Ratioof Supplemental Fats to Fresh CowsDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University
de Souza, Prom, & Lock (ADSA 2018)
CON: Control diet (no supplemental fat)FA supplement blends fed at 1.5% DMSupplemental fat blends fed from calving for first 3 wk of lactation
PvaluesCON vs. FAT = 0.19Linear = 0.14Quadratic = 0.94
PvaluesCON vs. FAT = 0.01Linear = 0.41Quadratic = 0.71
PvaluesCON vs. FAT = 0.71Linear = 0.10Quadratic = 0.69
2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
730
1 2 3
BW
, kg
Week Postpartum
CON 80:10 70:20 60:30
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
1 2 3
EC
M, k
g
Week Postpartum
CON 80:10 70:20 60:30
16
18
20
22
24
1 2 3
DM
I, kg
Week Postpartum
CON 80:10 70:20 60:30
Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Effect of Altering the Palmitic to Oleic Acid Ratioof Supplemental Fats to Fresh CowsDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University
de Souza, Prom, & Lock (ADSA 2018)
CON: Control diet (no supplemental fat)FA supplement blends fed at 1.5% DMSupplemental fat blends fed from calving for first 3 wk of lactation
PvaluesCON vs. FAT = 0.19Linear = 0.14Quadratic = 0.94
PvaluesCON vs. FAT = 0.01Linear = 0.41Quadratic = 0.71
PvaluesCON vs. FAT = 0.71Linear = 0.10Quadratic = 0.69
2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
Carryover Period(Common Diet)
Carryover Period(Common Diet)
630
650
670
690
710
730
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
BW
, kg
Week Postpartum
CON 80:10 70:20 60:30
45
50
55
60
65
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
EC
M, k
g
Week Postpartum
CON 80:10 70:20 60:30
Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Effect of Altering the Palmitic to Oleic Acid Ratioof Supplemental Fats to Fresh CowsDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University
de Souza, Prom, & Lock (ADSA 2018)
CON: Control diet (no supplemental fat)FA supplement blends fed at 1.5% DMSupplemental fat blends fed from calving for first 3 wk of lactation
PvaluesCON vs. FAT = 0.02Linear = 0.42Quadratic = 0.61
PvaluesCON vs. FAT = 0.76Linear = 0.15Quadratic = 0.80
2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Abomasal Infusion of Oleic Acid in Fresh CowsDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University
• Oleic acid (60 g/d) abomasallyinfused 4x/d• Infusions from
1 to 15 DIM• Adipose tissue
(flank) sampledd –14, 6, and 12• Glucose tolerance
test d 15
2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
14 days prepartum 6 days postpartum 12 days postpartum
Insu
lin in
hib
ited
gly
cero
l re
leas
e (%
)
Control Oleic acid
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
14 days prepartum 6 days postpartum 12 days postpartum
ISO
sti
mu
late
d g
lyce
rol r
elea
se (%
)
Control Oleic acid
Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic Effect of Altering the Palmitic to Oleic Acid Ratioof Supplemental Fats to Fresh CowsDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University
Laguna et al. (ADSA 2019)
Results suggest that oleic acid supplementation immediately postpartum may reduce lipolytic responses and improves insulin sensitivity of adipose tissue in early lactation dairy cows
2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic SummaryDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University
• Our understanding of FA digestion and metabolism in dairy cows has advanced significantly in the last few decades• Presented research focusing on specific FA and how dairy cows respond
differently to combinations of FA• Important to consider possible effects of FA in the rumen
(BH/MFD/NDFd), in the small intestine (DMI/digestibility), in the mammary gland (increased incorporation/substitution), and energy partitioning between tissues• Digestibility appears to be a good indicator of inclusion or not of a FA in a
supplement, assuming that this source of FA does not markedly affect DMI• Use of supplemental FA in the fresh period should be considered; new
research suggests that FA supplementation increases performance in fresh cows
2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic SummaryDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University
• Profile of supplemental FA key in determining production responses and energy partitioning1. C16:0 drives increases in milk fat yield and ECM partially due to a decrease in BW2.C16:0 and C18:1 drives increases in milk yield and ECM without changing BW loss
compared to non-supplemental diet3.Feeding FA supplements in the fresh period has carryover effects on early
lactation• Opportunity and challenge will be to continue to improve our
understanding of how and which FA affect nutrient digestion, energy partitioning, and milk synthesis in lactating dairy cows, applying this knowledge in the feeding and management of todays high producing dairy cows• Recommendation: consider use of FA supplements containing C16:0 and
C18:1
2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic AcknowledgmentsDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University
2019 © Board of Trustees of Michigan State University
Feeding Blends of Fatty Acids: Palmitic & Oleic ContactDr. Adam Lock, Michigan State University
Adam L. Lockallock@msu.edu
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