filipino architecture in the american commonwealth period ... · broken-bed segmental pediment - a...
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Filipino Architecturein the
American Commonwealth Period(1898-1946)
Primary sourced in the book “Diksyonaryong Biswal ng Arkitekturang Filipino”
by Ar. Rino Fernandez
HISTARC 4 1st TERM S.Y. 2016-17
Word of the Lourd: Putim
WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT
Taft avenue
La Islas Filipinas
Philippine-American War
THE PHILIPPINES
“Political Construct” made by US
Word of the Lourd: Patayin in the ‘Pilipinas’
American Period (Various Typologies)
• Italianate
• Victorian
• Mission Revival
• Neoclassic
• Neo-Gothic
• Neo-Renaissance
• Art Deco
• Streamlined Deco
• Bauhaus
American Period (Various Typologies)
• Italianate
• Victorian
• Mission Revival
• Neoclassic
• Neo-Gothic
• Neo-Renaissance
• Art Deco
• Streamlined Deco
• Bauhaus
I. Italianate
Italianate
A style which originated in Western Europe in circa 1840-1885 reviving the elements of the Italian Renaissance Architecture of the 16th Century with
- square cupolas or towers
- elaborate classical detailings
- wide overhanging eaves with closely-spaced decorative brackets; - tall and narrow square or arched windows
- L-shaped plans
- arcaded porches with balustrades
- low-pitched or flat roof
Villa Lizares (now Angelicum School) in Iloilo
Bullseye
Low-pitched roof
Accouplement
“Bintanang nakaungos sa pader”
Rustic Wall
“AXIS”
Best example of “Italianate” style?
MALACAÑAN PALACE
Square cupolas
“Elaborate” classical detailings
Arcaded porches or balustrates
Broken-bed segmental pediment- A type of segmental pediment with a basehaving an opening at the center; usually applied to a wallabove a door or window.
“Eskudo”, coat-of-arms
Aedicule – a canopied nicheOr opening flanked by pilasters Or colonnettes.
Salomonica columns- A type of column with a Shaft carved into twistedOr spiral form.
II. VICTORIAN
Victorian
A style in Europe during the reign of Queen Victoria in Great Britain (1837-1901) reviving and/ or combining the elements of Gothic and Italianate styles such as;
- steep gabled roof and dormers
- cone-shaped turrets or square tower with mansard roof
- intricate or richly ornamented paneling, trusses, and braces
- paneled exterior walling with either horizontal, vertical, or diagonal design
- and wide overhanging eaves with exposed rafters ends
Best example of Victorian style in PH?
#TitasofMNL “style”
Siliman University “Hall” (Dumaguete, Negros Oriental)
“Eastern Stick Style” of American Architecture in the PH
“Eastern Stick Style” of American Architecture in the PH
cast iron columns and ornate metal pan ceiling salvaged from the debris of a theater in New York.
III. Mission Revival
Mission Revival
An architecture movement which originated in the US at the end of the 19th
Century reviving and/ or employing the elements of Spanish Colonial Revival Style.
This had been widely used in California characterized by;
- Use of low-pitched roof
- Stucco finish exterior walls
- Wide eaves with closely spaced exposed rafter end
- Frontispiece with exposed gable wall
- Imposing square towers with pyramidal roof
Philippine Normal University (PNU) Campus
PNU Normal Hall
PNU Normal Hall
BALCONETTE
QUATREFOIL WINDOW
MISSION DORMER
BRACKETED CORNICE
IV. NEOCLASSICAL
Neoclassical
A style which orginated in Europe and in the US from 1885-1925 reviving and combining the Greek and Roman Classical Architecture with the ideas of Renaissance Architecture.
Also known as Classical Revival or Beaux Arts Classicism, this style incorporates;- grandiose symmetrical compositions and façade, - Colonnaded portico with grand stair and imposing columns- Balustraded balconies- Pronounced cornices and entablatures,- Triangular pediment
Manila Post Office
ENTABLATURE
COLUMN
BASE BLOCK
V. NEOGOTHIC
NEOGOTHIC
A style which originated in Europe and used in the PH in the later part of the 19th Century reviving the architecture vocabulary of Gothic architecture. In includes;
- Lofty facades
- Pointed arches
- Soaring spires
- Ribbed vaulting
- Flying buttress
- Rich ornamentation and tracery
INC locale churches
San Sebastian Church, Manila
INC Central Temple
• Designed by Ar. Carlos Santos-Viola (he is Catholic btw)
INC Central TempleNEEDLE SPIRE
Umbrella Dome with multiple ribs
OCTAGONAL LANTERN
STEEP GABLE WALL
VI. NEORENAISSANCE
Neo-Renaissance
A style which originated in Italy during the period of architectural style revival in the 19th Century which has been characterized by;
- Hip type tiled roof with low-pitched or inclination
- Eaves with supporting decorative brackets
- Employment of details such as columns, pilasters, pediments, quoins, and arches
- And often symmetrically balanced
Quoins?
Quoin
Quoin
Ayuntamiento de Manila
Gota de Leche
Gota de Leche
SPANDREL
ROUNDREL
Afterword
Excerpts from the book, “Edifice Complex” by Ar. Gerald Lico
Afterword
Imag(in)ing the Tropical Empire and the Architectures of BenevolentCreation
THE DEMISE of the Spanish empire at the end of the 19th Centurysignaled the emergence of monumental neoclassicism in thePhilippines and signified the advent of American colonialism and itscultural dominance.
Afterword
This style in a way gave continuity to a form of government that shiftedfrom Spanish to American colonial rule. A military government wassoon established to conduct various modes of pacification in theregion.
The American troops pledged freedom and a more civilized way of life.The Filipinos, with the exception of those who rebelled, respondedwith great optimism.
Afterword
To actualize this civilizing scheme, however, Americans had to supplantthe existing cultural system through the establishment of newsociopolitical criteria under the persuasive theme of “benevolentassimilation”.
The constructed social environment in the first half of the 20th Century under the American colonial regime saw the process of Americanization accomplished through architecture and urban planning, Hollywood cinematic technology, and public education (“Thomasites”).
Afterword
The uncultured were thus converted into the cultured.
The ideological exposure exerted a tremendous impact on the Filipinopsyche, to a point where local architectural and artistic productiongenerated artifacts that faithfully replicated American culturalparadigms and icons.
How will you generate a “Filipinized” discipline of Architecture with zero influence
of US (or in general, Western traditions?)
Thankz
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