final review what you need to know for thursday!
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Final Review
What you need to know for Thursday!
Your final will consist of three sections:
A short answer section that will review major course concepts
A section that will address common grammatical mistakes
A short essay section letting you choose between 3 possible prompts based on the writing strategies covered in class (persuasion, cause and effect, problem solving)
Short Answer SectionThis section will cover major
course concepts from our textYou will be expected to answer
the questions in two to three sentences
Partial credit will be given
The Star ApproachSubjectAudiencePurpose Strategy Design
SubjectConsider the message you want
to convey.Select a subject that matches the
guidelines of the assignment.Narrow your subject if necessary.Always consider your audience
and purpose.
AudienceConsider your audience and what they may
or may not already know.Be aware of relevant discourse communities.Consider both your primary and secondary
audience.Always consider your audience and purpose.Determine relevant audience characteristics. If online, use netiquette when addressing
both instructor and classmates.
PurposesWriting to inform
◦ Provide useful information about a subject.◦ Teach your audience how to do something.
Writing to persuade ◦ You may argue a point.◦ You may persuade your audience to do
something.Writing to interpret
◦ Help your audience better understand something.
◦ Your opinion is important.
Purpose continuedWriting to entertain
◦Entertain the audience.◦Many times you address another
purpose.Writing to express feelings
◦You may communicate positive feelings.
◦You may express dissatisfaction about something.
Combined purposes◦You may use more than one purpose.◦The purposes may overlap.
StrategyNarratingDescribingExplaining a processComparing or ContrastingExplaining causes or effectsPersuadingEvaluatingSolving a problem
DesignGenre
◦ The writing style (e.g., essay, story, paper, memo, letter, etc.)
◦ Consider your task.Length
◦ Know the instructor’s requirement.◦ Make sure all points are clearly supported.
Format◦ The structure of your writing (e.g., typed,
hand-written, documentation style, etc.)◦ Follow the instructor’s guidelines closely.
Design continuedAppearance
◦Show similarities or differences between two people, places, or objects.
◦Make a worthwhile point.
Visual aids◦The pictures, charts, or graphs used
to enhance your paper.◦Determine if a point would be more
effective with a visual image.
Seven Steps of the Writing Process
1. Discovering
2. Planning3. Composing4. Getting feedback
•5. Revising•6. Editing•7.Proofreading
1. DiscoveringBrainstorming
ListingFreewritingQuestioning Journaling
SketchingTalkingReadingViewing
2. PlanningNarrowing your focusClusteringCreating a graphic organizerDetermining main pointsOrdering ideasOutlining (informal and formal)
3. ComposingUse your discovery and planning stage ideas to
create a rough draft.Use your cluster or outline as a guide.Focus on the first four points of the rhetorical star.Concentrate on getting your ideas on paper and
not on the presentation.Write the easiest part first to build your
confidence.Don’t expect perfection.Write until you’ve covered all of the main points
you’ve planned to address.Save your rough draft or place it in a safe
location.Take a break.
4. Getting FeedbackConferences
◦Meet with your instructor for feedback.
◦Don’t expect your instructor to correct your paper for you.
◦Learn to revise and edit your own papers.
Peer review◦Provide and accept constructive
criticism.◦Utilize peer review with writing on
the job.
5. RevisingAdding and deleting ideas
◦Determine if all of the main points are covered.
◦Remove points that are unnecessary.◦Watch for unneeded repetition.◦Choose your main points carefully.
5. Revising (contd.)
Developing◦Check to make sure you have enough
details and examples to support your main points.
◦Try additional discovery techniques.◦Make sure you have enough support to
prove your thesis.
5. Revising (contd.)Arranging
◦Determine if the order of your ideas makes sense.
◦Move sentences or paragraphs around to create the best flow.
◦Consider saving different versions of your draft if you’re working on a computer.
6. EditingSentence Structure
◦ Determine if sentences sound awkward.◦ Check for sentences of varying length.◦ Watch for choppy sentences.◦ Clarify long, unclear sentences.
Grammar◦ Check for subject/verb agreement.◦ Look for the proper use of pronouns.◦ Determine if the adjectives selected provide
enough description.◦ Watch for correct adverb usage.
6. Editing (contd.) Punctuation
◦ Check for ending punctuation.◦ Make sure quotation marks are used correctly.◦ Look for semicolon, colon, and comma usage.◦ Determine if special punctuation marks are
appropriate for the writing. Spelling
◦ Use a spelling check tool.◦ Make sure to watch for spelling issues that would
not be caught with the spelling check tool.
Mechanics◦ Check capitalization.◦ Look for abbreviated words.◦ Make sure numbers are spelled out if needed.
7. ProofreadingCheck the smallest details.Read your paper aloud.Consider reading from the last
sentence to the first sentence.Get an additional peer review for
further feedback.Review the paper guidelines provided
by your instructor.
Steps for Writing an Analyzing Causes and Effects EssayBegin by identifying the cause or
effect you are analyzingExplain the cause and effect
relationship convincinglyOrganize the causes and/effects
effectively (three patterns)Use sound logicConclude effectively (don’t over
generalize)
Steps for Writing PersuasivelyIntroduce the issue you are
debating.Make a claim about your subject.Support your claim with evidence
that appeals to your audience.Use your supporting evidence
logically and ethically.Organize your supporting
evidence effectively.End your essay effectively.
Steps for Writing an Evaluative EssayBegin by describing the subject you
are evaluating.Make a claim about the subject you
are evaluating.Choose several criteria for your
evaluation.Make a judgment about each criterion.Support your judgments with specific
evidence.Be fair with your judgments.End with a final claim about your
subject.
Writing a Proposal to Solve a ProblemIdentify a problem and
demonstrate that it exists.Appeal to your audience.State your claim.Propose a solution to the
problem.Organize your solution(s)
effectively.Persuade your audience that your
solution is feasible and worthwhile.
End with a call to action.
VocabularyThesis statements clearly and
concisely state what you will show in your essay
Sentence variety (writing sentences with various lengths and patterns) is more effective
Unity is achieved when all ideas in a paragraph relate to the main idea and all paragraphs relate to the thesis
Topic Sentences make the main idea of a paragraph clearer
Transitions connect ideas, sentences, and paragraphs
Vocabulary continued
Research papers must be carefully researched and documented
Plagiarism occurs anytime a quote, paraphrase, or summary occurs without citation.
Critical reading requires careful reading and analysis of the material
Evaluating sources requires careful analysis of the author and their credibility
Grammar section
This section will cover three sections:
Editing sentences (396-400)Editing Grammar (406-414)Editing punctuation (415-423)
Grammar continuedCommon questions will deal with the following:
fragments and run on sentencesfaulty parallelism pronoun usage dangling and misplaced
modifiers subject verb agreement pronoun usage commas, semicolons and colons
Essay sectionYou will be asked to turn in a
typed response of 300-400 words on one of three possible topics.
The topics will be based upon using your strategies from chapters 9,10, and 12 (pick one)
You will begin this section once you have turned in the completion and grammar sections
Good luck on your Final
To do your best:• Review your writing strategies
and the major steps involved in them
• Review the rhetorical star• Review the writing process• Review the pages mentioned in
the grammar section
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