florence - 23 – 27 june 2013 · 6/27/2013 · . open government data in finland ... • there is...
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Henning Sten Hansen, Line Hvingel, Lise Schrøder and Bent Hulegaard Jensen
FLORENCE - 23 – 27 JUNE 2013
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Presentation overview
• Background and theory
• Methods • Comparative analysis
• Concluding remarks
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The EU Digital Agenda
• The EU Digital Agenda is the first of 7 flagship initiatives of the Europe 2020 Strategy aiming of getting most out of digital technologies
• The Digital Agenda contains 7 pillars regarding the development of the digital society
• Pillar 1 addresses a European ‘Digital Single Market’
• One of the actions (no. 3) hereunder is concerned with ‘opening up public data resources for re-use’
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Implications of the PSI and INSPIRE directives
• The PSI Directive was implemented in July 2005 aiming at regulating and stimulating PSI
• Originally the idea was to make all PSI available for re-use
• Pressures from some member states lowered down the ambitions to just encouraging freeing public sector information
• A key objective of the INSPIRE Directive is to make more and better spatial information available for Community policy-making
• A fundamental principle is that ‘spatial data needed for good governance should be available on conditions that are not restricting its extensive’
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What is government data ?
• Government data comprises data needed for daily servicing the citizens and management of social welfare, health, education etc.
• The core entities are people, enterprises, buildings, parcels, roads, addresses and admin. boundaries
• Regulatory agencies taking care of nature and environment are large collectors for a wide range of data on protected sites, spatial planning, land-use, hydrography and terrain
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Open Government Data
• Project under the Open Knowledge Foundation
• Open for everyone interested in Open Government Data
• Has produced a Handbook on OGD December 2012
• ’Open Data’ means ’data free for anyone to use, re-use, and redistribute
• ’Government data’ refers to ’data and information produced or commissioned by government or government controlled agencies’
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Advantages of OGD
• Transparency and democratic control
• Public participation • Self-empowerment • Improved or new
private products and services
• Innovation
• Improved efficiency and effectiveness of public services
• Impact measurement of policies
• New knowledge from combined data sources and patterns in large data volumes
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OGD Principles
• Data must be complete
• Data must be primary
• Data must be timely
• Data must be accessible
• Data must be machine processable
• Access must be non-discriminatory
• Data formats must be non-proprietary
• Data must be license free
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The Danish e-Government Strategy
• No more printed forms or letters
• New digital welfare • Digital solutions for closer
public sector collaboration • Legislation in support of
digital services • Robust digital infrastructure • Shared core data for all
authorities
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The Stepwise Danish Approach to OGD
• Access to environmental information late nineties • The Building and Dwelling Register (incl. addresses with
geographic locations) became ‘freely’ available in 2002 • Free flow of GI within the public sector from 2010 • Shared production of technical and topographic maps
2012 • Open and free government data from January 2013 – also
for commercial aims – however data source must be mentioned
• The Basic Data concept: Persons (pending), businesses, parcels, addresses, areas, roads, digital maps
• Policy adopted due to economic reasons – increased effectiveness (public sector) and innovation (private sector)
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Digital strategy and SDI in Finland
• Finland adopted the INSPIRE directive in 2007
• The Act on Spatial Data Infrastructure implements INSPIRE in 2009
• Introduction of the National Geoportal (Paikkatietoikkuna) - also 2009
• The Finnish National Spatial Data Strategy: ‘Location – the Unifying Factor’ adopted in 2010
• The National Land Survey of Finland (NLS) makes all its topographic data free of charge in 2012
• The Finnish Action Plan on Open Government in 2013
www.Paikkatietoikkuna.fi
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Open Government data in Finland
• Open Spatial data displayed at Paikkatietoikkuna – The criteria of openness have not yet been firmly defined
• Spatial data sets at the national level free of charge – The National Land Survey (Topographic Database, elevation models,
orthophotos, laser scanning data, admin. boundaries, and the place name register)
– The Cadastral and public registers are not open to the public – Data formats: GML, shape, MIF as well as other formats
• Sectorial spatial data from regulatory agencies: – Geological Survey of Finland (surveys), Statistics Finland (aggregated
statistics) ,The Environmental Administration (water, organisms, environmental stress and land-use)
– Data formats: Various formats
• Some data are freely available from regions and municipalities
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Spatial Data Infrastructure - Iceland
• The Information Society Task Force was established in 1997
• Metadata are structured in a National Metadata Service back in 1999
• LMI mission and strategy policy, ‘Geographical information for the society 2001-2006’
• Law on spatial data infrastructure adopted by the Icelandic Parliament – largely based on the EU INSPIRE-Directive in 2011
• The Icelandic Geoportal was launched by NLSI in 2012
• NLSI map data offered free of charge in 2013
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Open Government data in Iceland
• Open Spatial data from National Land Survey of Iceland - data offered free of charge
• IS 50V is NLSI’s topographic map – Contour lines and height points, structures, boundaries, transportation,
hydrology, coastline, surface and place names as well as elevation model derived from IS 50V contour lines
– Data formats: GDB, SHP, and CAD
• Other national spatial data from NLSI: – Simple maps in PDF format – WMS-service providing vector data in GDB, SHP and DWG formats – Historical data in jpg format – Arial photos in jpg format – Surveying data in various formats (RINEX, ASCII, …)
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The Netherlands SDI development
• Initiation phase 1990 - 1998 • Awareness phase 1998 – 2003 • Space for Geoinformation phase
2003 – 2008 • GIDEON phase (2008 -) aims
giving geoinformation a prominent place in e-services, enhancing re-use, implement INSPIRE etc.
• An important element in the Dutch SDI are so-called Key registers dealing with interrelated register on persons, enterprises, buildings, addresses, parcels, topography
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The Netherlands – Open data
• The Dutch National SDI (PDOK) is a central facility operated by Dutch Kadaster – All data within the so-called key registers are open – The Cadastral register is not open for the general public
• The National Geo-register as entrance point to
geoinformation in the Netherlands – Contains more than 5000 data sets for downloads (GML or GeoTIFF),
and about 900 data sets are also available as services (WMS and TMS) – Anyone can use the open data and services – but some are restricted
due to privacy laws – The services level is divided into 3 groups: Public sector, Educational,
and ‘Fair Use’
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United Kingdom – OGD
• Freedom of Information Act in 2000 (into full force 2005)
• Implementation of PSI directive (2005)
• UK location strategy for the United Kingdom (2008)
• Location Information Infrastructure (UKLII) (2009)
• Implementation of INSPIRE directive (2009)
• Geo-Portal, by Ordnance Survey • Public data portal (2010), by the
government - http://data.gov.uk
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Open government data in the UK
• The public strategy ‘Place matters: The Location Strategy for the United Kingdom’ speaks about core reference geographies
• The initial core reference geographies should be – Geodetic framework, Topographic mapping, Geographic names, Addresses,
Streets, Land and property ownership, Hydrology / hydrography, Statistical boundary, Administrative boundaries
• Ordnance Survey offers free access to – OS Street View; 1:50.000 Gazetteer; 1:250.000 Colour Raster, OS Locator,
Boundary-Line, Code-Point Open, Meridian 2, Strategy, Mini scale, Land-Form PANORAMA and OS Vector Map District
• Through the public portal data.gov.uk 9537 datasets are available, for instance the business register
• UK lacks of information regarding: social security number, parcels (cadastre) and an authoritative building register (containing all building in the country)
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The Spanish National Geoportal
• The Spanish National SDI was established Nov. 2002
• National Geoportal (IDEE) opened in 2004
• The LISIGE Law of July 2010 transposed INSPIRE into national legislation
• March 2008 IGN established free access to spatial data for non-commercial use
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Open Government data in Spain
• Most open data sets come from the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment
• IGN data (e.g. topographic maps, orthophotos) free available for non-commercial uses – otherwise an agreement is required
• Mentioning origin of data is always required • The Spanish Cadastre provides data on buildings,
addresses, soil, parcels and admin. units free of charge including commercial applications
• Also data from regions and municipalities are available form IDEE
• Data format: WMS or ESRI shapefile (GML later!)
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OGD Principles – comparison
Data must be accessible
Data must be machine processable
Access must be non-discriminatory
Data must be complete
Data must be primary
Data must be timely
Data formats must be non-proprietary
Data must be license free
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Conclusion
• There is a major movement towards open and free government data in Europe
• The approach and extent varies from country to country • A major challenge to compare the extent of the open data
policy – what are the goals and what are the facts? • Generally, the open data are in accordance with our
definition of government data – Exceptions are the cadastral data and public registers – The UK model is in several ways different from the other
countries • For all countries more and more data are becoming open • A paper on the research are currently being prepared for
the ‘Int. J. of SDI Research'
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Henning Sten Hansen Professor, Aalborg University Copenhagen, Denmark E-mail: hsh@land.aau.dk
Slide Number 1Presentation overviewThe EU Digital AgendaImplications of the PSI and INSPIRE directivesWhat is government data ?Open Government DataAdvantages of OGDOGD PrinciplesThe Danish e-Government StrategyThe Stepwise Danish Approach to OGDDigital strategy and SDI in FinlandOpen Government data in FinlandSpatial Data Infrastructure - IcelandOpen Government data in IcelandThe Netherlands�SDI developmentThe Netherlands – Open dataUnited Kingdom – OGD Open government data in the UKThe Spanish National GeoportalOpen Government data in SpainOGD Principles – comparison ConclusionSlide Number 23
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