:fos.&ls .r .. .,,• ow jr. - giorgio samorini network · 2018. 10. 28. · m. j,..1ro .. ,...

I Jou n-.aloltheAme ricanOrie nta l SOOety,Vol . 30, 1910,pp . 101-131 I

A"olkr Fragm<ni of 1/1< lllana J!.ylh.- By .\:fos.&Ls .r .. .,,• ow jr.

M. J ,..1ro .. , [! ~10.

but fruw th• Mmpari w n or thi s fra,;1t>ent ..-itl, lh fl 1..-ol•e othn., kno•n to u, ~ml a s\ud y M th• nr-io uo «l it.ion• of <he to~I that lhJ n, p.., ..,l, th« oondu oi,m moy he reo.cbed th•I \he oh• ...-.e of our fragm\<ut e,:,vcrcd 111,out 70 liu•, aud the'"'"""" ahnu t ,'\4. 1 T he l<lbl<t whou , .,,. i, ed conw.iu&<l to n,i dna. l.>l~ in.erUIIAlion. 'l'hauk, tn cnrefnl \rc-~U!J•nl a t the Clw111iul. l)qu ,11.mcnt of tho lfnfr,:n itf of l'onn,yl•nnil> (for which I a.w under obliploo ns to my onllcap o f'l-of. ~: I'. !'!mit l, a.ad lu hi• • i>il t.Mt Mr.\V lll ate) nnd tun t l>nrough iwakiog uftb. tab l.t iu • ~ter, nHi.fly line• o, indi~d ua l ch•= ten thAt ,ren, at lint obscured ~ we entil\"ly lc~ible. or ouffieic11U1 oo 111 to c11able 111e to pr&etfoally mak e out oll ofthr, t"hlelth atb as beeup..-ned. UGnje<:lunJ. r0$\or ~tion! on indic&tOOHI the. tniu olitcra tiou and tram lation by bein g placed ,..;Ihm brackets. 'l'hc clay of U,o ta bkt i, of the reddish colur tha t is eba.nc ter iot ie of IO "'""Y of th~ ta blet, of Aslrurhanap al', rollecbon. 'Il oe chae.c te,.. "' " c11tt­

[ull r writl<m hn l olton difficult to N'.a.d espro ia.l\y in t he cro..-dod portionL An intereot ing fea<ure i, the ,mall douh]o wtodge fr, ~u,nll y •pp ear inp; in ,ome oC the lin.,..• indic ating th~t in the oopy from wlU<hoor lllblet .,., copied a line ~ndod ~t the mar k iu qu .. l ion. 'I be bear ing of tb i• (ea.tore on the inter­pr eto.tion-.. ill ho ,Lo «n furth erou. Ao 1.0 lhe ho\ese,idoo tlJ in• "' ""din to thod ,.y b,/ r,nthecharackn,rereino <l'ib. d, ochc.lar, , till n ,·u hehrttn tb~ ..,ppo,<ition lh&t they we"' w,do to prot ect tho t.hl et lrom crAdting in the"°""" ot L~king. or u rocq ,taeles for wnoden peg• on , ,hieh the ulilct ,utcd n·hile th~ ono sido vu b(-;ng inocrihcd . PYob~b\y neither i uppoeit ion is correct . 'l' •hl eui canbeb11rn od •i1 ltout 1ir holu - wiln•U lh• 13.rgt W.w rical d a y eylind •ri nnd the bu,in eu dot umenu- aoJ the alt r.111pt to ,to ady tl ,o u,b kt by mran 1~fp<g>t1I thc pb ..,. indic:,\.oJ h7 tl>eboW.s•onld hardlf pro~• <cry ..tfoeli•c. 'l'ho holes ar c bnth ton cl""' toso\l w and too irr •gulllrlJ di, tri bn led to 111akc tbi o " 'N "' •it ion • p\auoibk un•. f La,·e ,0111ctit11.,. 1.hought that U.oy ,roro in­e<'rt od • • s kind <,fl!" ide 1.0 \h,, scribo in C()pying hi1 u b\d , hut thio t~o, i,, a].., enconulcn ,:,bje.ctioos.

Vol. n , .) .4.nolMI" Prag ... nl af tha Etana Myll,.

That the ~blclbelongo to thoE1an a tnylh follo••frvmthc colophon and ioconfirm«lbyth e eootest. h ill thenfon,a curiooe chaoc~ that two o[ th<, four fr&gm~nt• of \he rvyal h;raryili~t f;:::nd thoir"_•Y to tbi ,cou utr}' ohoo\J form part •

Tbe fragm en\ r<ado""' follow.:•

J. {i!-ti~)Jka - - - - TIO-'a-u-[lujt [h1jil-ba-rMa+,oa-ki.J (UN] pcW1I i-pw-':, ... "'~ {•·~• firi izuA·kar]

5. jli,,..ni-taj'-Ma kai..!la-ti ~IO-M-ti-U]• ii [G.-IL-/aJ• Id iLtni {a-kfo..l:11 •i-kul-...:i]• ..Z..l:a(t)'ni-, a!,··pa-a.,.,,.,. __ _ u~it·m<l-G fr~ti'!' - -i~a ma'J<>r (ii) Sa~ "' t,i-ra-di urn-o,il it-{mtH I]

10. [Ml] i..la..o Joi {ii) Sa..a l [it-li-~u) (il) ~'an,ftl li ... nil ;na ~a-at.,.,._~;-,; {li~!/t'#>'

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20. tfr l< ik-kal i-11i-'i· II iJ;-~11-l11 ""2rl ijWi{f)) ar•mi111bi10,; , ., ;-t,,,,.,...., .[..o:J fl'"ll ik-~·l'i j.,.j..'j -,, iU"l' -l• ,..Jri [<"1(1J] ,a-ap-p,i·ridi-<ia-nitrili-bolr· ra~m a] ,i r11 ik·kul i-Ni-'i-11 ik-ka-ln "'4,·l ijiri('ll

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• R .. to,.d K-<or,HortoU.ootbe rfn 1m•ot ol,,-. O.

VoCin .] .h, otlitr .Fi"agm••I of/J,. Ela,,a Jly t/,.

- - - - - [H·mi-)ia"'·""' ;,...;,,.,....1,,.·[ra (i/J $a .. a<J [i-...,]1:;::;_i;:.na.,..a·!a -ma""'"·nwi-dUii-lak- na/,.f-it

5. {ia-Ja·litrfib«l-li/-a•rni-'11<1 [a·na) ,. . .,;da-,.... ,..1; zi·kir-kal,..,.).t., ••-­(il)Sao,<Upa->" epub "" a-M ,ri i-rak-kar-(~ .. ] /i"' ·" i-fa--kiJ()-la-lihM< ·ri -i• (ii) GA Lia _.., ildni a-lak-k" la-hi

\O.la-,.. a-la-<1-""'laa-1a- an -ni/.a-<a/,"-;a-[ri]' a-lika-»lt-Wli<i a-ilap-pa·rW<-ka~J.kali-i,-[oot J (ii) E.ta·na_,. . .,;.1,;,.,..""';.,..1<1·a!>·&ara(ii) S. 1t1ai" la- l,<1 (ii) SaMail ku./iu lu -'+a i,,;,;,,., .,i i{'or-ti• i-da-a.11

az-ii-[ia] ildni ,..kab-.!li! <-di,.._,.,, ap-kid

tr, . ig-dan,-ra ma.l.,jak-ki-ia (S.IL)EN- ME-Ll (m el )

az-li-iainala-W>-b"-/1i• ildniig-da, n-[r"·) b.,.lu .. iuapi -i-ka/j -~ .,.., . .,..;d.nam-ma"""' "'"a,aa-{la -dol hd-li-man·ni-ma ~""'""'" la a·/a-di ~iUi ,.-,w,.,..,. i""[·""'

luk-na-an -ni ]' (il)Sa,...Jpa-il,.i-pu..,,-maa-Ha(il)E-fo -"ai-rak -[kar -<!<]

20. a-/ik !<r-?/a <-Ii-ii< SOO-a a-•,wr im·Ml-1"-/" "' ~·i-[ri"'1<> bi-riJ• inalib..bi -Mna-dior1l"·kal ·li"'-ka"'"' { "'a .Ua-la-di j a-11a ri-kir (ii) &,,..M ~·u..-a-di (ii) E-la-Ha ii-Iii, [ur-~a Ni-i~

"""' ;.,,.,. ,.,nalw-•il*lumki- rib-Jai/,-riina1W- [bi-~11a- di tlil ]' 1d•la• HU• .. .. . ,,.,.U /.taj.:~a-a.!-[fflj•

, ,- u,;, ~ .. '"' to tbo o,\ddlo of L 21 "' b .. , • do p~eo."' io n"'P"'"~ ,,,i. r,_..,, ~ ,.,. .uoy,-.. n, p . i!,9,4 (ll. 1M1 Ko,.). l.,i...,~1010o f tl, it f,q:.,.o t m,yoo w bo,.o1....i""",,Ho1 tooo ,, , ,. L

>Th<fU<tiof .. nfin,eoiby;...~ [lq; ol! al'J'ff"• f'"C-• 1 L9 . )[ o1a

1botU,..13of .. ,1o.,eo .. M1•oli , .. i , H•rp<r'>l"*lm<D,( ll. 8-9).

Ii,~ ~o~""'"' X, . lllll! l "' f'"bol" ...,,...Ii u ll a,po , '"'°.., (H• p. IIW.

• Cor,....Ha.ptt~rtodioc •«<mfagly. Cf. l V R•WX ,.1 ,i!7u-ho jw---6w.-~ : ::::.~10.:\~.d,plHO,,. L 18.

' -"= Nlio1tol~l •S..tbolioob<Fo-..U.. .. lophooto K - , n .-,....llol<oo ,r

tn\{ ol·Jla---w-. ..... . .... ~1-f•. Co=,cl l! upV • roo,H"tlo !U.O 1;00 ,,, 0,,u.11y. v.,..u.,,,••i• <l>e .. o .. of•~••l1jo«oow,•-• . r· Vi -d . L 'J.•~ ~•-.Sio X, .m. • ;uii ~ W ,.._

N. JUMr""'• [1910.

2~ . ., .,-. ,... .. .fo i-pu -fu"'""'" .,,.,. (il) s .... a~ b.>li -i u [j..~ak-kar] dllji/J!<1l (l·u,. ) ala i-?l uo,(1) -- -(kal ,!l 11r./,a»-<1p<>I .tar [ki.lh t i ""' •"'~t .u ,, , (k•)i • la (il).'rab,.(il)lli J•,,... IN,. ~..,, ,. N -{JHl~-111011 ii'ru~tH" J i-lJ"·""·"" ""oi"<1-1ttir-tui.o[11~ J wp-;,tr-r 11-h]

30. ;; fou ~an dui a-lik ~oat ri-ia ["' ioH,,w )ir-rn i11-a-l11 1a i ./Jll·UNI< )

j11i-- -~~ (il) Nu!,,, Ii-kip ,...,.,,./<IL~lli .. a-la 00-a;<.,.,., ina a~ppllni uJ•/Nr IU-Hi/< 111,-r;..,.,..~ A·na /,:,..,,.,.,..,; , ,:..1,.,U1 .. i-ia A-i-ribekal-iat<-,1,·in]

[Obro-.. . ) 1. [J,.,ln •forrn(<' )Jf ricnd, bip [_voo and l ('J]'

Vcri lr , • frie Dd 1 [to 1h00 will be(fJ ) ['!'ho u gle(! J]' opeued hi• mouth and [to lhe ot,rpent(')

,pokeJ. [An &g,..,..mcnt(?)] offri"" dsh ip[lctu s rn&b(,')]

5. Tbe ..-ickod and mighty(! ) let no c-rush (!) ', [Tho guUN]' of the iod., [the . ..;,,,1:J,.,, let u , do, t ro~l.

: ~'.~,'i:'7i.. ~,,;:~ ~: ~-~-;;\:' ::'~ f;!~ ':""'or"'::: 1'"7~ '""~("'-;, ;,m duot. ,-,. ""' -.,.n , 004 ,qi. . ... p10po1i•r

'Roo,o f..- t"" ,if .. -~.,_ 1bo ••q .. ~ ... to ,-I JD·IJU, (h<u~i, or,o.,.,;,;, -;1,1, ,b.,,i......,.,,.;,..w,..,,; •• ,i.. .. 11o. , •~·• ·" ·it (ui.. ,. ... ,,..i, .... ~; r .... ·-(I). ... u,p, ,....lb<! to """'

() 1..,·M"oU,.UO:,,,-. Did., " '°'"i fi«.,. ;..wet hc -Ou i, 00!0, olly iocJin«!>< i " ''°" kO/;-a"" "'6t.o// H pfrBl.._li- '••i l a.,,d wi<<od •n \!,..,. ~.1 u., ,,. .,..,orioo, ohoud .. Jn ,~. ,... , . Ono •ho• ld <>!'<"l;.M,t,,u\ o \)e UblaW.loflboC r<0WoM<J<y L&. T,; ckuooooo Oo• ., • .,u ood ,. frht ~• "°"Id be • "'""!:< ..., 1,U,otioo. I profor"' .. ktl>o\!t won\o a, d..._.,;p,; ,. , pit!Hu.Tboffltao olobo ... ,. 1;i<b" tb<oombin loi ol.,.,... \o otoldeo/,er kl ,,. ot iolroq ... , io djl'in, bon toxt1( -• - r . lV ll• MXr . l.0 1,,. 4J- mot<1botouoloon<0y lor • '""' P•••d«""'"°"'rf• llr•itk ed• .,. •, lcli<d ly p,;,-,,,roL"

• 'fl ,o, dditi<mo/ldto,\ "..,. po;nt,totloo-.l; o1 g,.ao ""d/ hovo no 0<1i(ot;o, io loionlilpoa- lhio,..; ll,u, e ,,olJ.kowwodft i-bo o of aput ;.,,,t.,,1 .. ,.,,., ,r,,, .-kxb,to bo ..... ""• Nli..,., ideo; ,..phio ~ .. ;~,.. lion i, Te,.La/ (ll,-~ooo-,, ~ r. ;~ ~. , "lw. ·b ;, , loo w.iot, n p tJOH<li""'1Jy6o/.h,. " u,d!lf'i "'"'- l',,o lJ .., •.llmoll, A..,.,., Did. , p . ~!; • :'.;'" /;1"':pooitioowBhtbe Q<o,oa.....U.l,_.-., .., d"" btu t.->tlw,

V&l. ,,..] .uo!Mr frag-1 of U.o El ~n<> .\lifl},

--le l n1 1<.t up- - ­l ,<tu • l•y • h•nontb e oanh--fnth <p,.., .. nce&fl:,!,an,uh, the war rior , lh~ b&,,. th•Y laid.

IO.Wh oc-r<r [lran •g-...Jth<,bo un,lo ofSLau, aoh, May ShamH h ~rie,-oualy th...,..gh lh< dcotro1or < [out off] ! Whoo.-or[ lran-0 1]tbeboand 1 of !:!ham&W, May h• n:mo.-o him and - - -M~y tho MO'fl<IWOring """J>O<I (f•ll l on h;m - -

1r,. ) foytl>o1!in;;:.t l>obuof Sh1m ut , hit hi1o[and oa~!, l,irn]! Wbon1hoyhadl!Udtheb 111[oftihamashJ ont hooo,t h -­They .. top . U1<rasc.,ndeJ ti.. "'°""Wn[ thoy t ...ok \ho

ro•J{?) ) For o"" day they kept !he ebarm•&£ the Qod. A,. o~, a ,. ;Jd oi. " ,.jld ass. ll•• ea,gle co.ught,

20.Tho oetr.., l ate.>dn,wl,atl.th e youog[oftbe.erp, rnl(?)]ato. A rnonnlain gt111\, gaull._.,,, the oel'}>tlnt CMl/!l,t, T l,o,..gleate.dtml'bo cl:.they&o ng[ofth e~le('\ J a\e A 1'ild mounb.in guelle, • o. Jidan1<,• !he eagle C1>Ught, TLo ' "'!':,~ I •le , dne-.. bad , U.., young [of the i!erptnl ('.')]

21>.- - -olt ho grOOlnd• U.e serpeuloaugh l, [Thoe agloalo,drowbo ditb oyouag [ofth e ng le(?)] • le.

>¥0, --.1;_,.m tb _,.,i,. ,. .. u.o.;,;.,. n;...,,,"'"1",o tb<

~:;:r.:1: ';:.~;:,~·:,~;~: ~· :::;:.,1~,29or",::.';'""" >fo ,to><lof,...,ooo;,IQ!ptod io <io• oftbe pn",,di o~ Ii -to

, ., Oi·'"· • , •b•-~ oo..iomi,.; o,, of l!i. i boo"<!du ,.lto 1,,.co,bl>.o"' ~~:i:::::t"f.lo•. Ho_...,, Ni u• '>'""",..,.of ,...,ft,, i, oo

•'l'llo,,.d Wlfit-~"<1 .. •...,.ioo f eoo ... _ ihlch<«•• iliotho •••••••liogl ;..., i.,., ;,,; ..,. <,fiN,o./oi,ibop ,. r.,..,,.1,.,,1,o, 1,u<o ,l.l o/, jott ., i.o ,M Dd - ,. yt b (O~p'°"' XI, l r.(i) ,l .h / !.l,i ·o!-!i "••• ••d ,.••••••J"'•M•b!, ofl'""'i&lpo,.lltl<o .. ,-.,io. cr.M-· A,ooh • .u,~,, lX<f .• ,,.M •. W...,_ al. u,, ood or U1o lloo.., , "' to . .. , .... rn10, ,;... ;,.i ....... . .. q ..... io", 1boo&•<M p, ... 1 - .. 1, . .. , is... ..i .. b;.M,.,reo ili•c • • "' •P~

• Ol.llil 6,td . O. t - q,, Anol.l,e«>tt« lr<odio1of\l,o ,.,,. wito .. , •••••• ,.~·7<1· .... ._ __ _ _ -.1. lkl it&«l, i, i>i,

.d,zy,-i,< ... Tim<oo, "'• l ' Ut,.. dror-i7,.1'1""", b• tl,. la"'"' P' ri '° "

of :;';;.~.:!If: ~7 .. ';!."' ~ ">"""~ poell<" i> ool «:<0plahl-.

19: 0~~ ;~~:: : ll~" ,,';1;:,;';-Jel!"O"i lo .;.. or II R 2' l'it.l «•.

M.Jul.,.,,.r, [1910.

[Whentheeagl eotirredup] lrihul atioo(?), 1lheyoung o{th e eagle r~ioed an uproar . •

[Whenth e youngoftheug le] rai ,ed:on npro u , [Wl1enthoyoungoflheoag leJplannedoTil,

30. [The eagle <lir<!cud Li , hear!) iu e•il Jeoign l1'o eat the youugo fl1 i1fr iend ] he detennined.•

(Rtier,.. .)

- - - - - [the eagle) daily faced Shorn.uh. (In]theho\o l •illdieanJh e..- ho otirn,dup, , hould Mlttle

the , tri{e• ofthy..,r>ant. 5.:Me the eagle let me li,e and

Et ernally, I will glorify thy name Shamaoh opened bio mouth and ,poh to the eagle. The wicked and mighty one did,t thou carry olf. 1'hopo ..-erfolo neoftl 1ego do,th eaiiaklwd idatthouco n-

lO.The...,for e thou , l,ouldot die • and to th e un,..,n(?J• land Go! 1'ho man "hom l , hall """d to thee may he R ize

holdofthee- 1

Etan a daily faced Shamash,•

1Tbo,...<Jiogo.l -h/-/i; ,,.ffH todb1t bo~ llo .. ;..,;,;,., , er . .. 11.i; ..i; i; 11 R ,io ,,,1. 11\ ""J o1 , i.. ,;d. of ,m .. .. o ;.;;~i,.

1- J.,,..,,., R<Hr-&byl,-.A ,. jn". l.p.l!IO o,,u li• nd Jl.p.M oot< ;~ 'l'b< i< •enl .. , .. ;, ""P""'·" •G,o..,I,,.;" a, 1 ... d,rod it :~•!;.,,~0i:r.:-l"J,,, tto, tb,o "\".,-,;, !,too(" (I, p . .f!IO),thoogb dNtra<i; oo

• wo; i. U..u,to,-tl ... , ;, ,_ 1; ... ,,..,i:oaop, rtl1M• jtt ton ~ lb< ii'"•n.leoo\H<h ... ltbi n•. bo<ooorff<lly<>"l[h,,.i,btb< holpof

,11o, f;'!"'.:,"~'.';" ..J~~. ",;7;1, ,;,; 1:':'11o ~i .... .,.,.1,; co.i, ..i. n u, 2C,.....,_ . .,.. . ... ;,r.n .Tli oco• """''•djkjj,.ool,lo .t, n.llybollo.4 o,.

d • :~ ~"'"~"° fo•';;.. "'·:·ld·o.-"'• w""!'' th< lo""' of d-r,i of

pl.:. ":': ~.:.r~:."~ .=;:;.:1-::1,,~ :~::~:.:r.~:=~~: !:r!' ,;•:-:;~:;:,1~0: lG, 4;• ,., ;.,o, u I. ~l o-loe i., •·r-• ,i..,.,

,i,:,;4 .. ~1 iotb•,.•"•f f,m uob;. ,...;..,oc,, ,. ;.u. ,p- i'" qool<db1 Y- ·Arool1,,.uqi, . .Did ., p.8tll '

1 Tb, pb .... impliN •• opptt.l to tb< pi (a, • bo« L8) - m,k;or u,, d;, m,1,«-•tU. ,, E,.,..openo<!hi 1 mo•1bno.,op<rlloon

Vol.n, .] A....tlM,r .Fh,g,o,tNI of IAo El~»a Myth.

Tho,, Ju.otooo, umed,0Shama1h,tbut .. ngtb(!}of my ,botp, inthelfho lo~rth they ouog(?)ofmyla mh 1

Th ogodo l ha•ehooored ,th o,l, ad eo, lh a,erog uded, l~. Tbo pri ""WI""' ha,e J>Ut au ond• lo my offerio gs. •

My !"';~; :"'ugh slaughter• the god, ha•o pnt so

0 lord[ By thJ command m•y 1ome ooo go ou\ and gi,e mo \ho plant of birth!

Sbo .. mo tho planto l birth, tear out th o frui i • aod [grao\ mo) an offspring!

Sbamasb opened hio mouth aod opoh lo Euna. 2().Tak o theroo.d,pu 1 tothe11>0t1ntoio, ,oekout!.h eho lo,

[look]'lf ith in il. Wherein tbe eagloh,..bte n thro,m, I o·il! oho'lf lh N>lho

J>lao\[ofbirth]

•Adlffi< • lt li~ Tbo 1 .. n.l ~i ,m • l<h oz-U1&1ta, .... (lo,l,t ., to .ho I°""' or i,..·.,.__ lo tbo GiJp-i <Jn<. h•°"' \Vi, )\l:3, Hl, 188) wrill<o.,io oor po...,.,oe<or,io «>o...,,;oow ltl,tbo "hon>•"- • • tail" of""' di>i .. b,il, oodtJ.op..,.J .. ... or•, ,,-. ., ,~ .. ~" tl>• roo , .. ,. H o """"Potmy,bttp " oo. Jd beeqoi.,.)eo<1o"•Y"""'~ ,h..,,. • A,• pon,11•1 10 ,;;~ I "'" ;o,ti...t .. , .. , ~M-- .,.i;.;., '° ' """'• 1 thofo,-,,. i1,h.;••"ol" ,p ri• ,'' .l< " •'* lly, 1.hi1io ,o<ttly ol""'«I • • • 00111,0UO• . To tah iol.l•., • ..,i..1r.,., f•o• o\a'• •• •11>,rk"ii, ..... pod., • .,_ sb,.,.,..i..;.1 ..id,..-"""..,""'bo' bo ,o bjo<~ "* ll"le "' i,fi""'4 ••i<b <, fooioi .. . If.,,;"""'"'""'" i, _iol.l .. .,, .. ,.lltl tohlw•o•ldh>,•••c"" ' ""'i&«ll1tl,<J.,... of•.;"""'"'·" h 1.hi1p< •h•1~ •• · ·""'·'1i•• ...... 1 .......... -. tr<m•"•b••r<•""-i•A"1"'•"J"" ' l, •igoro u" oD<101~mH,b"' " · - , ,.,.lltl,.<ir"tJ.oO(,oog .... ., 1,ho °";I"'''°" of ·--"-bylh< ,.i.or,i..otbor•ordto,,,.,,,.oo• tboS...itoo'"'!! .:,L..Jl...,, - Ao,,n .. ,.n,""'1,,....6/N,t< . ., 1.ho "•,.•" • -I

,o ..... , .... ,,b ot •pntti-••,. ;,u,,,1"""'-""'vri<o1o .. H~ - ·-d - l,n..,,be fomi,i .. plonl • .,.i,.•rii-TbooyllaboryVR ,a,.,.<9io,M>OOnlioJ lJ, .. bo,..<O"Nll>,I E•l·Jl<.Li- k -U.h<. h .holntlVRro'llok.7 ... 1,o..,.,.,....., . 1;,,oqoi-otwith , ,oUo.., ., ; •• , , ..... S..J,otrow ,.< &~i••I'orollrlt<lu&,,ryefJI» (Joo....,/o/1lil,I.I.;--.,XXV,p.l"ll ..... !lt - Sli}

•;,,ia., ... Itakoiotbe ... ,.or •d""" Y""' i"ply iogtbor<j«tio• ~¥~=~:~N._l~~J:,~ .. Ni:.;~~~ ·.d~uo,• i, •mploy,d i•

•lill •l lll•u•r<l•,.•«,.""'"""•1 • • toftbop loot- ,...,. ,i..i.r11, or ,<b ild,, Horr,<r-,....i

lll.Jadr<liC, [H!O.

On \he order of Shama,h the ,ran-ior ~:tan• look [Uie roo.d pa, .. d to the mountain).

Sought on\ the hole, looked ~·;U,jn i\ , [whoroio \he eagle wao oaot],

(Whero)rece ntlr he h:od~lefitope ri>b.•

Wcphon

ll5.Th oeag\eopon<>dhiomouth 1.ndtoShama,hh i,lo rd [opoke~ 2nJtabletnfll:ie,eri eo n/a; .,; , • .,{'} - - -Pabce of Alurb,Hpal, king [of the uni,e ne , king of

A .. rri a]. WbomN eboandT oimit [havegran t,,d " iJeJ undersl.anding, lsndowed .. ilhcle arris ion[fo r\h eglorioo , an of writing]',

30. Wber .. , omong the king, before me [none had acquired that a rt~

rrho ,.;..iorn of Nebo,the groupiog(i')' of all ••ta n\ col· lection,(?)•.

On ta blet, I wrote, compile d 1.Dd ,..,is«I, to be oeen and to I,., R ad in mr palue l placed.•]

,11,11 -~ ... '•in!cd q;.moti ;, to 1,o w. ..... ..,.po=<1.tono • .. n~., . .,."

aodto bo,.,oooctedd;Ndlywi th. th• p- <•11 .... .,;rl••-Tl>o lottap b.-. ,. m;;b tbouo<lond•doo,i,..;f~~" To ,. pu•to~do,p­to ..... tif..:, m,.batp......i..u ll)· brmoodoo o( ?--.1,XVl,p. 1!1), fotl,owloc l,.Ut, 0<l,,A ..,...11~1 , p.i113, i, 10i.-u,of ..,.o f, l,o,.bololioo.

•li·iv -!or .. bM>bO.l i,-,b~01p\o,.tio• IA"'!""-r1"""'-·•· eJ, -, o;,c<jo~itwhbial modM>,p,,•joio"o till - m,,o bo <he...,, ,. ijo. r.&,y. Cf."1oo H R • 9.:S,.lol,,·.13•odlJJR07,S,.6.0~ .... , li- iic-J", tan - ooHo "joiOM•,.,.,

,......, lh i,-..;olytoboderi.-..;lf ..,.. .. ll!hw; u, ;-ru,,lo , •1 t1>e ,.,.._,,,,..w.;.,v R 01.roJIY,M)•bow,. :lly• •gpnloo r<>r ,., ,d hi , i-d oo ibod><om11Uoo tO>ll be»<011,.. phf0<<bo•Otil iot bo,rig oTi l( Mti .... ,, N,.7"63);oS.A.S • ilb . Knlri,iflt,~lc.4-1-;,..ft. I. p. 112, 10 - V RH ,od .i.ewheN ( ... M••·M,,.ls ,<o,~ , .

JJ;rl.p.787 ')i ol bo pb ,...,,_l,f,. ~o, u;i,,-•,bycolk,ct<4tloopo." • ht.oroo oH4 J._ iWot> otth<ooloplloooootoioe<l-e.-.to4dilk>o ol

li-~ke!VR•M , od \'ROJ . A oolleeuo1, ol oll U.. .. nQ<o «lo 1,hoo, ood o,.,. r, 1 .... ,...io1wl y ofu..n,; ,,. .,,.,.,.bo d" i,.. . .. ,oopp\o. _,.,. o,li ,...b ' ,diO<oaloo ;o ~i, ~ n""°""""•] •p.6- ll ood 1, ,.., hO)o". T1"'"""""• PP·200- ~. s"""'' "'o, ... ,1t1 ,i.. .. ,b,. the,o,io .. d uMOo f,.,labaddiot io<ti .. cclo1•bonS..J .. <ro•. :i!~' 7i'.':.:! ;=--II, p. ,m ..,,. 1 lo, .he ro..,

The genen. l chacacter or t he content, oftbe fragment i• dear. The obverse e•ident11 open,,.itl , a' """" beU•e•n the .., rpent andth eea gle,inlb eoo uroeo[whichthet•·oagr, e to form a friend,hi1,inordertoc arr1out oome plan o[a\\aek together. That p!,.n in,01 .. , the captu re •nd deotroction of demon, and.a1>parentl1 aloo.ofplacing\heent.ireurlh under a bu. The'!ler1,. n1 and .. gle ,-.-oar a powerful and binding o,,tb in the name of Sha.mash -.-ho io here •i•••d in hi,

u,u~h:61: e:~ j:::. ·~!J,""~~~: o:h~~:,:~indow~::h:~· \he .., rp<nt and eagle have gone. During the one day that \hey kept the agreement, they ,u..,.,. dedinc apturing a number of animab and oharing them together. Then th e ca\a1\ro1>he occur... Promp ted apparently by a ouopicion of the oer:pent'o 1\delity,tb eeag lepbnoan a tt..cku1,on\l, ey oungofth e aerpenL At lhio point, unfortunatel1,th e ob•eneo fthe frag­ment hreab off, and when tbel bre,odofthenarrativ e ioaga in taken up on the re,ene, we fio,d 11,• eai lo tloro&'U into a bole and in a •tale ofuttc, de,pa.ir appealingtoSh amu h to help him out of bi, predica.menl. T ho onn-god reproach .. him for .. b,tlteh .. done.bu\ accediogtoth <ea gle'o prayertolet

~: ~:;/:: ~ n:;.:iu: :. -~ =·Dt!/ = w~o ~~• n~:e·~~:~ than Elana. H• i• a oh•pherd• wbo•• ffocb ha,·ee ridentlJ , uffe.red thro ugh tho ban that hu 1-n laid upon the earth. TheJ ba'" /ailed to bring forth Joun.gnd Et ano, accordingl1, app,ea.l.1 toSham ..,,hto oho•himth e plu, tofbirU.. Shamu hin replJ tell, Et.a.na to go to the mountain to the bole wherein the eagleh a,b< ent.b.ro,rnan dtlier o bew i\l o .. thepl>ntof birth. Th e fourth 11eene tu:"" n• back lo the mountain bot

:!~nlh:f ::e'!~ e,~o :::.:• and tho ""g le, our Ublet - tlie

, s.. K ~ob, . 6.-1+- · li ·M(llorpor. Britriig,nH"~IOV,-,,11. p.3M) lt UOin1 .... tinr to"°"'tb" ""<>l in""'"' P,_•ti>.g .!lU .. ", fli1l,~o,l,epi..rdw\lhhi, flocbio p;e1u,...; ulook inJ• ttb oNCIO i-riortu .. 01or1. A=rdio r <oP-.. W. H. won1•, p1 .. ,i 1>\o,.plau.ti .... t1,o....,.p0,,;.,.,i,u,o....,,o , oeyliD<l.,.,to od;o , dm<:i..,. noclw o •ilhlhe - i•'"l' ._,, , .. ; .. , ,, ,.h<>tWor Olberep ioooo•lhat~ nii<• iL htb\ ,...., U,ot1tfo..,lheohophff<lwoaldboE ... , leodiorbUOllo<b

fo ordornow to OllJema od the purport of \he , o four oceoo1 iti,n'"'e .... rytopaH\oacon, iderat ionofthoo\hor frag ment , ofthi , m1lh.th Lt &ro kno ... otou ,. Jt i1 tbe merit or Dr, E. J. H>rper• to h"'e added to the thr"" fragm,n ta dea ling with a , tory of th e eagle, '"I"'"' and E u .na fouod by Oeo rgo Smith' among lh.o tabl ets or A ,hurbaaapal' , libnry, ,e .. notheninon e .iayo rth o otberoonnoct ed• ·it bthot ..-o, Anol o•eotbfr agmont- aloofrornthi • l;b,o.ry•·a, publiobed by me ,.. iodiuted~bo,·e•anda t~·olfth-inth eol dtrHaby lonian ocript-by $<boil.•

furp<r di• iJeJ bi, ten fragm eoll into th ru group , ao followo,--{ J) cootaininga otoryofth e., , peotandthee•g le together wilh. ,. bat ho call, -o rroneously howo, er- a prayoroi Etana.forhi ,ooo ,• (2) thoOloryoiEtso a ',ri do onthobackoi tbeoaglo,(3)ana,wmb lyoft.hogodo. lomypub\icationoftho lltlt fra gment, l auao,.tod ', 1<1mewha\ different order but Jeo,.,n' • Ji ,c u, oion of tb o fng mento' together ., itb the ,tudy of the 13th fragment, hero,..ith publi , h•d, ha, led me to a modification <>f ""J , ie.,,. T he"••· fragme "t ,how, t.hat Jen sen ns right in his ,rugg .. tion th at the IHh frogmen\ lh.ougb ending •· ith the con,ii;nment of th o e"l!le toahol o in "hichheiotodiedocouotno« .. arilyinso lve thodea thof the eag le. My oooteution, ther do re, th at the episode of1ho eo.slo Yith }:t~oa must be 1,laoed k/o" tbo di,comfiture oi th e oaglo ..-a, errone ouo. I oo~· acce pt Harp< r', ,;.,. "hich isado pted b1 Jeo .,.n lhat~ol-Oryo{t he,erpe nt andt be eag le comes ~or• that oi the eagle ,uid E taoa. T here io now a!w oo roaoon forq uo. tiooiog ' the connection of KSG78 -..ithRm19,7 -8, ~3 ao pro i-,i by Harper, but on tb<othtt hand th e """ fragment while confirming my ouggo.tioo that the lir, 1 lino of K 8518 obv. is to bo completed in accord. ~•°' with tbo colOJ)bon to K 2606 re,., r>.iao, the question ,.bother K 8~18 ropr.,.n\.O th e 4 th tablet of the •er ieo~

' Di,; ~-Ion, L,g,,,,., • ..,. Et.,,.., i<•, A ... po , M T)i/,b,,...,._ (B<iHg,••cANJ,T,.11,vv.:191-408 0

: ~!:!i"':,lj;.:::!'.',:'.ii. p:/~:<. ' S.. ,oo,-, V· IOI, ,_ 2

• H ;, "" •• ,...1.1 1,;, ... "'"" •••-pi • &W,. ,., ""1"'·· lll . ~· 37[

KriU,...,.fflftlkl,<BiM.,<l d,,\' l,l, p. lOOo olO~

.,,:.!; .. •-;;-~~1.'i.'; :~.&i""1• ""' Af<J", ll, p.l ,o. S..J<•'"•~

Vol. nz. J h olhn F~I of~ Eu,g Mytk

Al\en tionll&o&\r<:Mly ~ noalledtothe{~t •t ba t lbeoolo>­phoo of onr ftagmut 000L1in1 .. t.bo opening line o/ the follo•int; t~\llot the • me word • .. io \he colO]lhOn to K 2606 l'<l•. Mo.,,<,.<• . the Jut lii>e of K 2606 re,'. W<lald appo•T to be identical wich t be IH t line or ow frag..,ent. Jn tho ea,~ of uu• f~me nt, howe, er. the colophon 11.1.w tbot thi • tablet is the 1nd of 1he oerin. wbcru , K 2606 ;, enu-1'<'<1 a11h•3nlt1.bl e1 oftbe oeriu.• lt followoth•tweha •o bere twu dit!eren\e di1ionoof 1bc1 eict•n dth,twhatco•ero<l Ot,1J two tablets in the ooe copyco•ered th ree t~blolt in theot he, . 'f l>e tua.rkJonlh e -•roeot'on r l.U>lt t indic~l.ing the eod, of lines in the «>p1 from ..-bich our {ra~u,,ot ,·11 copied,h ow"- •• • maUcr or f:.cl, that \he 12fr agmem., frur.o A1hurbanapal" o libruy npreoe otdilf<ttot copies. Siu..., KZ«l':i repres~O on lhe ob•ena tbe &<:COWltoftbe o.,<eroblyof the !IOO• - Harp er'~ third epi-ie--..-e would hue lo a.<snme in ordtttbat K ~,...,.&ndonrfnglllMlt,bould repreoent dnpliea ~ ofono another. !hat tbe bmkenoffportio n oi the ob, . andtho .. , .o f K 2GOOconu.inedcon•idcn,blymo rothnth e epiS<>d<"Swbicbi nourfragm en< <•»e•tboob<e...,an dm•er <t!, A. con, idoral.iou o(lhi • lh<"Si••illsho• thn it i• improhb le The ne,rfra gmenl, H •illpr eknl.l!hesho«nbo\oog< toalablet mncblong<rtbano.n yof lhoo Cbu-, andto a,..ume tbat K21;()6 abonld np._n, pan of a tabl ~ agair, h 'ioe o., loog (at J..,.t) •• the newonni , certainlJhighlyimprobo.ble. Mo..,.,,·er. if K 2606 befong• to a tablet.., mncb larger than tii• <)M of wbicb the nea· fmgment form• a p.ort. wo would ~-.,rt.Aini)· not •~J><el- •inc e th• tableu of .... , .,.ii,i<>n or "" scri~, • .., or the u.rue1i.., - tbal what co<e~ tW<I t&blOU iu tile edition of which tho ncwfragmut i, • part1houldre 11nire thr<:~ tabl•UI in the oth er ~dit io»i butrMbtrtbe ro•enoe. ,\ , impkr0<1lut ion will be 1ngg .. i..d iu 1becourwof1bi1d iotuui or,,

IV. '.l'ho an•l1o i, 3i,en or the ..,.., fragment ,bow, \b i ;i

\lelouga tofu,p.-r' t6'51 group. 'fhe ,u,>t point to J,., 1aado clur i• itt relal;cm'lbip lo \be oit,cr fragm•ntt of (~i• g,oop

•S...•l>o•op. l l»,oolo!l. ,4,.._......; _tio.0 !1.bo(-ot~adl 1....d4 01 Mr.L.W

li:i•Booo6""'fl•'l""''ffW 'r('& '"od,-).

J/ . Jaalrou:, (JQJO

Ta kiug up K 15-11 Urn, .-., uote li,M ll,e "'r~r,e i , a duvlic~te of the ' "''"'""' of thu """ frago,e"t 1'hich wo will Je, igna\o hercaft<r"' thn 13th.-lL5-~ of the formtt - 11. l0 -20' of thn lalt Br . i. e. JG Jiu•~ ag:oinst 111/> liaC11, indk a<ing \ba l w~ ha•n t,ro dilf n., nt ~-Opito Lefore uo. ''he indicnt.ion• ia 11.16, 17, !Su d 19 of d1< eud;; of lii,ef in the loII from whieh 1h~ 13th fragment ..-~, cqvi«I ibo..­tb•t tbe t cribe h"' I au ori~inol 1,ora.., him ia • l,iol, tho liuos agr€cd wi1h t ht kn ~th of thott in J.:: 11>47, The ob, .,.,... of the bll or ,h O'Oo ou t>Uiule of a@re<-rncnt ..-itlt the ~b.,,, oe et the """ fr"t11Ue1tt Lui. oorn,<P<"'d• with Che N• . M K 2:,~1,-11. 23- ·12 ot K 1527- 11. 1-2- 1 <Jt uL•. uf K JM7. ;>;o,,., the ohnt« nf K l [>4i" ""«i•• 1<i1h t h<, app eal oftho servent lo Shama.•h for nrM>gc np,m the eagl e •ho ha, •~t= tbe 1nung or the aorpenl. 'l"ho lo..-cr odKnof the ob,-erse c,(K ~&n io pr .. ervoil so lbM. .-e ba •e on 1l1e re.-.,r,c, a, on the obverse of K 15-ii'. lhe oooli,iuM.ion o<U, e sWry- the ad.-ioe oftlie •tw-god lo the .. ,veutlo eu~ r tl,e ,,.....,.,, .. ofa wild

:u:~:~~.b~!~~u~/"~.'.:::.i;_"' ~.·:~::i:~ •c::'Ji'.u!~=~ ofthi,epi ....Jei,furnish e<lhy lhe n,, er.,eo ithe llth frag­ment. E,ident ly th e fin~•enn linco• co r re,;1.,ad to K 2521 rn . :JS-4'! and to K l -:i47 ob v. 17- N. 'J'ho pradicA I Agr<>O· ment in regArd W Jin., (1 u again •t 8) , huw, that theso tlm,e fragwo nt.. befong to ub!ebl ofnLout the ,a,n< ,i re

The otr~t<sr ,ucc .. d.,, th e• ai l• i• ca ught. , lripp,,d ofhi , featheril and i;ltogetbe r Ladlyhalterffl i1 ll,ro~ -n into~ holoan,I 1here le/i todi o.Th is holei • e-.idcntlJin thc "'oun t.a.in, foriti1 Wilii1holo to which£1.:tu a i,...,. t bJS ba,.uh , 1'hetwo\aL lot• O,erefon,- K 2527 and tbc lllh frng,.on t-clo .<ed with thii epieodo.wh iletl,e,.,.crse ofK lo47ttr ~n to lhe oontin i,~tion Thoob•• ,.,.. <oftbc l lt h fni.grnentGQtotoi "~ tht iM i,lent oi\l,. \r.~c b.ryu tth«ugleo.nJjoi nso o toth e e,,dof th~ nhso,i,cor the l JU, frag'""'" ll ~- 5 or the l l th fr&J(fflont - 11. i~-J I o! tl,~ lHh fr-ag,. cnt, 11,nugb the l,:,ngtht or U,e li.,o, d~ not corrdpo ud. 1'h<, DO"lf fragment thu s iuroi,h .. a piec., uf the narrat i , <lha l \.al<c• proc edeoce to o,ho.\UIC<Jllt:,j oedon\h 8 o\herthr oc- namely,\beollia"""'bet • ""• thee~ e o:nd the

>So me ofmr rn dh,i; , '"""' ho ml"T«l<d • • J .., 0<o (E. n .vr,1. v, 106...,.) ,...,p,~lypo,ioled o. ~

Vol. ,n.J .h<>l~tT l' f'11gmml of Oio Etan11 My!h.

•"'J"'ni.. and their adttotnr<: • " nlil lb~ point of tn, .,chery. Aguiu, !ho obverse oi K 2Jn re~rcoCJJl-5 the ep~ode after l.h,• ,lootl'\lotion of th• yoong ot" the iwrp<!•l lty th • .,..810, nam•ly tho ap~~l of the ff rl""ol w Sham,.. h, bot ~-., h ,e no mu m of "ccuratcly dctt rminiag \ho: ,i, ,.o f th e gap 1:>et.,~en where the obHntul the ll thfragmontb rtab,,ll" o.n,lwhcr o tho ob,·tr~e or K 2~27 \llk, .. up the l hr<:ad. but it was pruh bly no,t hr go. At the t-Op or &he oh••'*' of th e 11th fragm eat oo!J u fow Liuts ur• n,i,.i11g. fnr t he end of 11,e re ,~..., repro"'lnt , in al l proba \iti,'1 th e lu tlin c ofth e ubl<!t, follow.,Jbytt..Jcol~phon. As. umioK thM K 2W7 ""d tho 111.b frag llleot '"l"''""" t 1•~ruJ1.,1 IC'JII, bo\hmuilli~<"h eguo,it thepo in t reptt ie utf<ib J l.2 7o f th • ob,c ru of lh e 13 11, fra~ u t. .. hich m .. k,., new pliase in \be ua<rati,e - lhcbeg inningofU.. e t...,acherr , "'etho, ohta in for lhc , c two lllblels (a} <>im,.,.e-20 li,..., <>f tho 111.h frai;, m"1l\ plu , 20 lin~, <>f K 2,-:n - 40, I.O .. hich ,..e mn~ a.dd ""' a maximum a gap of soJ to line1- 50 ]iot, .. a.ul (b) re,.,n;e - 21 line• o! K 2027 rhu1 11 addition al Jin .. of the 11th fragrnont - 38 line. ..-hich with 3 or 4 lirn,,ofth e colophon would hring the t-Otal lo about ·12 line._ The bre ak: of circ!L 30 line• at lhe end of thenb, e,.,., oF tho 11th fragme nt and thebegiMin gofth ,e ,erSe(20of..-h ich aroftllcdnpbyth e obre ne o! K2 J27J must of cour<e he didrilmt ed bot..-<cn \he t wo , ide .. Wetbu&obt a.in for lhe t,,ta.\ !engchofeac h afth e t,.ofra gment. belw.,.,n90 and 100\i net, both covering thcfollo •i ngepi~odee: (l)tn, 11-eberynfth e ugl e and ,l.,.tr uclion of the youog of th e oorpenl, {f.l) a.ppul of the oor~nt to Sh~masb. (3) ad, ·ict of Shamu l,, and (4) •ucceu of th e .tr ~\Og)" nd th o di1wmtit ure of the ugl6. Tiu, ue,.· fn,g went co•cn t hi1 ~ntir e 6dd and, in addition, st ar t& at a point furlhor bi ck- lL• 1turJofth o allinn e<i o.ndofthoo.dT<:nt\1ro 1 of1ho oaglt Md H rp&nt in lhe 1110,muiin. ha\..:, conti~ues the otoryo.ft er th e diseo1111\t1tro of 1.bouglc. fur,,ishing three new cpi.stMl •o:( l)l\i c ar,pealofth c eogl"loSh111no,l 1 f-0rr,,1oue, (ll) l.b~ ~ppeal -Of Elan o. for the plant of birtb , (3) ll,e COllliug of EtaM t-0 the place of th e eQgle in the mountain. T h, \.,.,glh uf th i, bl>lel . mnst th~"l'C""' hu e h...,n eomidorably i r<>at.•r, umo ly, ll7lin"" till 1.be ob,er,6 of the l l thfra gmont plu, 00 to IOOlioco, • nd , ince •l the l<>pnf thoob , eno only a fe..- linea are mi"8Ulg,-inasmuc h ao ... e hu o th e clooe of t lio re<erse prow"cd - "6 may e,;timat,c the length of the

J/ . J<l#lrow, [ LHO

u.bletto.,,hicbthe13thfragDlcnt\>elong•._t ab ont l30lio e,, ~perhap , only !N line• di,ided between the \"o sid"" . Theep il(ldeof thealliaoc e and or the adwnture s of the eagle and ..,,pent with ..-bich the obverse of th e 13th fragment begin• -,a7 fron, 33 to a mu imum of J6 lineo- ool l>eing ,nllicient to e<>•er an entire tablet, ... e Me justified in a"uming that in the editions to .-hich K 2527 and the llth fragDlen\ be­longed, \h <, tablet thatprec ededbeganatapointforth erbioc k thantheaccounto[thea\l i._nceandtheadvcntu=.•hich could have been narraud on the ,..,,er, e. In other 1'"0rds th e relation of the edition of K2527 and the llth fragment, •bich..iemaycaUeJition.A,10theeditionof thel3 thfrag· menL which we may callB, is about the"'"'" as the edition of K 1547-the obverse of .,·hich - reveno of K 2527. and which"'" may ""IIC, is to A; i. e.

(•) obTer,;e of A in tablet no" of the Mries - re,. of B, '"'J

(b) obYerse o( C in t~blet no" of the oerie• - ,·e,. of th~ preceding tablet in A.

whicb mean , that the tablet • of &d.itioo B cootaio much mo1'l thao edition A. and the tab lets of edition C n1uch i .. , titan A. W hat therefore ~-ou!J be the 2rod tab let in B "ould be the 3rd tablet in A. while a part of it in C would c•en run oTcr i'nto the 4th tab let . Th e point is of iDlport.ance fo,· the relationship of the t11·0 l'<'maiuiug joined fragmcn\• of Harper' • fin\ group K 8578 and Rm 19, 1- 8, 43.

Hefo1'l \.a.king these up. attention must be c&lled to tho relation ,h ipofKJU7\oth c l 3thfragmont. Justasli:2527anJ thellthfragcn ent erodwiththesameepi •ode-th e di,comfitureof tb eeag J.,,_....ol{JM1andthel3thfrai;men\er,dwilhlhocoming o[Etanatotheea.gle.bnt•hilethefastpairreprOientparallel texu . thisi,no1th e ea, e11·ilhth c lat\crpair,forthcob•erHof the 13th fragmentb<,ginsMa pointcon,idcrablyfortherbad than the obver 1e of K!M7 which (,~faraspNlserveJ),tarta with the ad•iceofShama,h totlte •erJ>Cnt. Sinco al the mo•t •ix lines on the bottom of \he NlTene ""' onisoing to bring it tothepointwhcreth e l 3thfras<nentc!o,es.tberene(makins allowancaforacolophononthere, ·erse)attb arn ostlOlinei missing at th e t.op of ll,e u,eru. A , a matter or fact, counting 8 lin"" back on h:2 527. line22( - topofob.en e ofKl541 ) would hrins u, to th~ hegioning of Sham&ah's answer to the

\'ol . u>.] A,,oU,tf'.E\,,~ nlojlh.P.t4"a Myth

•pp oa\o f the,er penl and withwhieh h'.1M7 inall prob&hilitio• hega.n. T ho to tal length of KIM 7-.oold th u, he 8 +24 + 17 (additiona l lin .. on tha l lt hfragman t)u p t<>the discun,C.turo ofth oc o; lo- • 9l inet. Thea the U1in .,. of th(, rovc•3Cot the 13 th fr·..<gmou\ J•las" fow line, miu log •I tJ,o t Op would m•h th,, toll\ length ofth i• ta hle nhoa t BO lines. 'l"he thrn ed it ion, would thu. ho made ur or t.ablei. a, follo" "

&dition ,\ - T• blei. of90 to 100 lin"" t:.,litioo n - T• bleu of JU to I SO lin"" Ed i1inn c - ·ra blei. of 1.i.o..1 80 linOI.

The ca lculation is Mtuffiil )' <>nl)' •rp ro~im1.1<1 for th e lC11~th of th o 1;!'.l(l1 dif!"~,..g 500>&-.luot also in the lb,...... &<lit ion, but it i, oloso oooogL for our p•rp<ll(ll . T be resuU r&a<:hod a.bn•~ i1\ hu1c unfinncdl ha t wbal eo,-..,.pao do tot he 'lndt&blct of th e oer ieo in H woold ruc h into tho 3rd tab let iu A and pet ht.po ioto lhe -ithta blct inC.

Coming now to theh:oj<>ined [rag menUF, they ••ide ntJJC OO· t.l.incd th ""'o nd •dd re!II ofth,..,,.glc\o the, un-gcxlpro• mi, iug to do all t.ba\ " "" ,.,,ko,d of him. • and \be dia!ogu" tha\ ensued bclwecn t he..,gl • u d &ta n"" ol"' n th~ coming of Et ana. \o the LoJe,,berein the eagle b y. Et ana ,., k,t.be eagle to ,how him t he plant of birth ' but here. unfortu.natd y. the fca.gr,:,enl hre. h off. The colophon to the 13\ h fi» gmMt, how••er, ,how. that Lhe 3rd tablet of edition R hegao 1'ith an addr • •• of •h• eagle to Shamuh and oinC<! K 8578 •tc. be5ino..- i1h tn0pi -i~.J en"n""ct Pt.1 my~ t.iu1>,ruade a\ the time of th• publ ica tion of th~ \ I th fn,g 111ont. that thi • 1;n9 i1 tu be rOltond ..,co rd ing I.O the colopltQn of K 260~ ,.1,;ch talli• • with t l,n of the U llo fragmen ~ Throu gh t.he eonte ni.of1L i1 frag111eottJ , .. cooject uN1it1 1rengthene,.!, i{ not indMddefin;te )y ,.,.nAr-m~. t iD«, "ll "ehue toen it co"\Jlin•a n epi3Cde to which K s~,s~ otunlllJ joins on. w, m•y thcre­rore ,rit h ~ee1 oafe1.y auume 1lia1 K 8M8 repreoentt ei1.bor

• IL 6-6" • bl .. e,-bew!Q .. JIO'" •(l,< i!ldoi" 1,"''" "l "';11 R ! \o • 1,. [lot • ;,.. do~ S.. J o ..... Ja! Vi, ·I . p. lLO. Too t<fot<ae< ;, ,o t: .. oo. J.. r • o<eordi .. toll,e ooon ... ..io r u.. .. . ,no, Sh,mu h. \ t:,.,,.,ooltlt>O eoodi""'sio,,....~ orEt .. , ·, ..,..;,a tu lb.• "*flt,,.... mpaniod, , pi-11J. 1>)"• 1• - -loto,bowhi o, tho.,,.J .

1i. o, 1g....,_ . • , ..i..u 1 ..,,., ,. ;,. i,.,aneonv .17 '"'1. • I U.. !a u. r .. K· -•1 - 11,e ,. ,. . •vi-> OOoi "'""' l>)" E.._ ror 111< 1,1oo, or birt O, ~" ' t.bioti .,. od~.....i., •oU..-1, .

J/. Jallrow,

the begion ingortJ,e3rdtabletofed it ion il orth e ,tt!t(orruoto prob a bly tlio ~tJ,Jo£ edit ion C. To which of tho..,twoedi tioDI il actu a!lyb elong, . i t is ofco une imJ><!""il,!e t,,,ay . D i•id ing the content. of all tl ,e fragmont• of the fin t group no,r known to u, (KK I5 H , 2~'17, Hf.1~ etc.) and tho 11tb ~nd 13t hfr agment. into opi"°do,we obt.ain thofollow ing •un o)":

(1) Tl ,ea lliancc between tJ,e e:,.g]~ and ,u pent and ilia "'1-

::~;'; ;:_;~ ." 1-..0 recounted on th e obv. ofth o l3tl, frag-

(2) Tb o tr6""d1ery of the eagle pt<>J-'O"d &nd carried out de,pi te th o warning of a •, ·or, ,..;,~" young e•g lo rooounted (• ) on the remainin g ponion of !be 13tl , fr&gmen~ lL ~7>eq. ud(b)onth e 11thfragnt ent ob .. rse.

(3) Th e opp<.:! or tho 0<rpont to Sh~inaoh for re •engc on th e eagle,recount edon K 2527.1 1.1- 14.

(4) Advice or S!oama,h to tbo co.~lc recount ed (._) K 2b21 obT. 15-~8 (ineludi ng 6 ,niHing lino,), (b) K H,H obT. J -9 (circa 8\in e, ,nis•ing).

(~) Th e carrying out of the •trat , gy propoud by Sh m• •h and ending with the di, comfilure of the e._glo recounted (a.) on tho rorcn,e of the 11 th fr•~ment (end of tablet) (b) r e• 30 -i :l of K n21 (eir c .. 17 linM 1ni .. ins to •nd of ,~blot) (c) K 1!".47 ob1·. ll. J0 - 24 (circa 17 liuN mi .. iog of epi,ode ).

(fi) Tito app .., J oflh o eagle to Slrama,h for rc,cuo and tho lo.tter' , di;ei,ion<O , endE tanatohelpthcu gloo utofhi• plight. recounted (a)on the n,e,..., of tl.e Uthfragrnen t lL l - 11 and (b) on the re,. or K 154.7 11. 1-6 (circ a 6 line, mi!'ing )

(7) El ana' • lament a nd nq ne,t for the plant of birth rec<>unted (a)o n the re•ero o ofth o Jl thfrag,nenl il.12 - 18 and (h)o nth o reTene of K 1(,!7 )l.7- lti.

(8) Addre,. or Sba,oa ,h to Et&na and tl1e orde r to th e I.otter to go to tlte hole in theru nunta io into which tlle e• gl" ha , beenca,t,recount ed(a)o nth e,..,,·erooo[ th , 13(hfrag­ment II. 19--2 ~ (~nd or llnd tablet of edition B. ) o.nd (b) K lM7 re•. 17-~0 (circa 6 lines rn;,,ing to end or tablet).

(9) Socond add,.... of the eagle toSham uh, the coming of Etana andth e dialoguebe\ ween thee agle andE!i<narooount.d on h: 8iJ78 + Rw 79, 7-8, ,13 (3rd tab let of edition n or 5tlt (?) tablet of edition C).

Letu, now tah UJ• the frasm ent K2606,rhich cocto.ino intb.,coloph on tho indi<-ationl h3ti1i o thothirdtablotof

tbo •ori .. u/a ;~ "h n left tho cit;~. Schei! d,.,,. not ~ppear to have llOl i<M lha t the rrag-meoi publiohOO by l,im, •hie!, L designate a, th o li lh, run, parallel lo a. couUder Lblo nte ut with K 26011,' .., that in par\ t~ l.\u er can be , .,.w ,ed thmugheom1 1ari!,(ln« i\hth o rorin f r.• Md •il'<l• en a 1K>mo ro ad, ingoofS< hoi! u n ~«>rr ocle<I. Rut on tJi, otho r h nd t ho 1-..o rra.;wcn\s are notduplitat a .Xotonlydo tbey di,·cr; o from" cert .. iu )>l.'iut,• but $cbeil'• f,..gn,eot i., • lr.rge 1&blet dath>g irow t!,o Hamn,ornbi pt li <>dwith t,on column• to; e .. cl, oirlo.<1 .'he t-.roaeeonn uia r pe,u-to stanrl intho rclat;ni,t,; cach olber o!t!, eWg inningt.i ,d end or aoe piwdo. Jn b<>tb R ~l&to or,.nare h1ie do.c , iboo, dHa pJ>11,TOOtl11oth~hootility 01· tbe l gigi.• Tbo Ind is witlwul "" raler. Aulhority i• lacking,h.bit atiorua nd,anct u rico u eno tbuilt,Mldthoc it;• i,b ,.•iogodbrthe Jgigi,bul -,,hilethed e, cciptio11or,het.er, ·ur

u,: ,i;~~!;.,;:,LI. ~ '"""'l""'d m II. I - ~ oF tH ! , tool . ub• . " r

'1" K ll,!06 l ~. w< mu.t. .. ilcoli J n,ad [n,·~ ·'""' ll. i - )l ''° ..., .. ..,...,l-O>"Nl....m!io ~ IOR I-S o(th< l\ 11, f"cl-L Tnl.,oft bo 1~1h 1 .. ..,. ... 1 . ....... ._i........i;,.. '"" !li!IJB.12.t.,!;.,;. .. ..;,. i-ji -,- . 1"m U., l, tt<r w•"*••ll<I.\!IJMlho~phio, foun. 1"1 . ~of tbo ll tbfr q-m .,,,...d .... i.,.fi.l,o_'ll,et "°"' of • nMldilH>oslUoa1«,mto h.,., bo, nomi" Nb1 1J.,,..,i.,,...,,,.1 ; ... 1~a odl3. Sclotil", ,~o ;,1 for ,h, bo{:;uninr~ r1 . ,,,.nh>nt1 1 ho<O<TOd,wbi>oif,. , ,. 1,ot.i,.,,;..,.__,; "" -•o (lik< K IIW!IJ. U )"" Jt<' ' "'""'- ~ o<o,o. 1rt L. iofl h< ftop aot "' '" "' "'dla M·- ·•l-/t.ni ·li•l· il ,....-..-O-h liko l. 10o f).W'.1lll. l.8 or \ho frap.., , u ;d~ tlJ""""; •• tho rb oootio,.,.; ti,~d .• ;..,.,..,10,u. , ;o._ , pbZ., lli•( - ,,b.., ,11,.r;; • .,. , .• J(,. I L1"~iul.l~olJ(il'JOO. !1f. S<h.,;l, J/~1 , .,1",....,n . .. m.tJ•ho•to• fiJa. ••i • oo" '"'" ' ""'·"j °"ed ,u, 1,.o i- '1« odi• K- J.11ho-olL IQor ,i.. 1~u. 1 .. r«• ' "' "'"" , ,; ~'" ' 11....i .. i.,r,, .a4.,.; ., _ fl• M«f ·• lll, l8of K i\l(l(I~ ~l th;,po1 ,,, 1ut, ML<•"dMOo . 1, ..... , ldbooowdlb >t <.lllt l~tl!t ~ a, ot..o• · i"<l,e .l.1'iorpoo1Mo11,on l '<>llettionlo:>"•• r ork (- Jollo1,~"'1-•/t.tf C•li« /i,,,, p. :n)l , ... oolJb*dl1 rr, ,.,.«lb o<• 0<rdi ffloo1'00,-! , 10 thoi •i lho" • J••n l~I , .. , ooo , .. ~, mi>......to ""''"" ,iK•• ·

• Soo,loHo/pre«,diotoote. • Apf,rl! rwnp•-f"pbknlloot.,1 boto blotl.osoho ,bt <V " <rh

oft ~, 11, .,,. . ,..1,;)'<'iodio tl!ehpo.od.Npl,,oD<'tie•rHl • 1•Hh""' ·•i· •·•"' , ., .... i.., ,;.;.,.,;.,., ,. Tbo oi<t<tmiootikfotoki ty i,o., i\W t,,,foro Etoao-oi,o .i .. ,,.c1.,;,i;. of 1,1,, 1-1 .. ,,. . mn "''""' · n. \obl" i,, ,·•loolae i«lk>1'oo o!1bo"ll • •ftbo Etooa , to., ·

•So•••; • • ...,i.., . l:L L lJ" of K i!l,OJfl (ii) ,i -&if~ •"' ,.;u, l. Iii (, • .i1111,i..; ~r,1, ;. r....,6 +~ -

• 1. ,~.,.,pp .... 1- ~ .. "'I .. I· T ... <itrio o, l&ootl r l.U""' "'fon<dto Joll>,open;. 1 fi•• of lbo, orin"1<, i -!", ond.• ·~u, ,,.bj,,;!.!" """' ' ' oJ

JI. Jutrow, [l ll!O.

inr cgnl'<itowh ichthe.Aon unal.iLo\ d coon,o lj ,cont inued in th ~ 12\h fragment , io K 2606 the godde .. hln ar • i• "'P'" "'nt.od ._. int<ntning. Sbo loi,b al,out foe• Icing al\d placee himin e<>ntr<ll,•bilo F.n,lil looQ out foe the ..... ctuui eo of thegod1(?J .• l twould bll in accord<rir.h.th , cha.act.or of th o BabJlonian 1ty\e ,1( poetic ccmp"4iliou w "')'flt at lhoclo u ofuepi eode rho dcnrip tiooo fthncondi tiOl>1u i1\. iug at the ~g inu iu,g. wi\ n""* the (requcul do11eriptione oC pri11><1cr ~l cba1>11int he BabJlooi ~ucrua lion >nyO... Unfo,1una1.tly, the re,orse of K i606;. not presen$d,oi\h the uoe ption of tL~ d e.sing liu• ~11d • p&rt of th<o Ian lille. Tho oolophon foeni1hc11s the openingor 1ht:i• lhab lct,,1li nothatagre<1• • itLU ,eoMg i .... inU,e !Jlhr"'J!.lllen t for 1Le Jnlu.J,let,and 1iocet.he pr<Hntdpo , ti011oftMclooin gli uu inK260 6agr10e, with the d.,.io g boo of 1he lhhf""!1D Cnt,>i t .. oold botoo otrn ge" coincidence if th e t ..-o uLblcu did uot dose with th e oame incident-th e comlllg of Rt:ma to the place where the eagle lie!.

Ontheotherhllnd, if 'O'bal.eun,n:d threelabl et, in one copy

:.:,°"t::~• i:;.~wo0;a:l• :~! ~i::"':!:\'.,~ ::1:n::'.,\th~1!::~~: .. ,um e \hat ftoru U,e poirlt 'Obere the obre ... e of K 2606 hr eahoff tothecnd of the re••,.... the re ,hoWd ha, ·ebo cn included all tbo eight epi>Odrs conring ab<H>t 125 liurs em· brac ed in the131Lfragm cnt. Wo,.,.. tbo•confrouted"i th "'probl em for ,.hi cb no defin;ti• e oolut ion <.>.o I.., u!ferred until more frc.R,. Ml>< of the nan3ti .. come W lig!,t, hut th e """' ' , e....,aable eot1jectur e it to .. ,.nm e W~t n rioU> ,c .. ion, of the u. lc ui1ttd, ,li/Fcrring oongiderably from one a oother &ud in ,.bicb eri ooJe1 •ere iucludccl i11 one •enion that "·ero D»1il/4din auO\her. So1nuchi t clearl.h,.tth ea u,u-c,h)· dctcribe ,1 in th~ lhh fng1:1Jent and in K :MOO mo,t hv o J)r&ceded the re1cue ef tho e;agle by E1.t.na, a,id i ince tbo narrati• o <a n now be carri&Jbllclioontinuo ut lrtot~ e ullianc e

.. ... ;,,.1,,... • ...i .. -.. , ... t1oo .. ,,. ir ... ;.1,o,,l blefn,"''b • n l .. ooooiol.lU . 11>ef<><1;.£alj~l.be city ia q,.,..;. •._ir ,ti. !<;pp• •

< Al..,O<O'l'•• '«l., l o•oio• .. io l >!t. 'Tl>oh1.,faglll <,.. -....t.diM!ol....., , tomor,.f•'"W.toµ,.- •III

..,,ta.,/,.bi,hlluJ><•- .Tbo ~,apll (p.Klo)f•• ·o,.,;,i,.,,....i ;,.; . 'l ol.be l,U.l-•1,. ••• •• .. <kcdoo"'3'h..,1'1-l<r·•"·""'·'""

o1-W -lo -ai11NJ , ...i;,, K !!600! . __ __ .u ... ~-..•-••

v~1. nx .] .faothtr Fra:,,,""'I of 0.. Ehz,m .\lyth.

hetween the eagle and the wrpent, the •late of ~n•r<:hy must hue J)"cedecl thi , in,oid<mt Rl,o. Then, io e.,, y rn,ou ther•for•. to b<lio•e U,o.1. &.!,~ii• i, ri~ht in hi • ,uppo , ition tl••• th• •tnt • or o.nuch ;> re1,rescnt,, Ulo b~ ooin~ oi ti ,e ,ntire na,ra\iYe.' ju1t H tl, o (;ilR a,n'°' h t pic ..,pe,,, "ith a ''""'" iJ>ti<1n of \,;r,w aud confu1ion e~i$ling in <.ruk

Aoc•1>1ing I.hi, as • •·wkin ~ h!P"tb e,.i, . •o ».;u\J h, e to a, 1ume Ula\ th•6 mh1.h lctoftbeeo~1of whichtll<ll~th ftag• rHut r<l)tt.<<mU U,e hd, cont ,.ined the cpi, odo oftl ,o 1\"\ ' c,/anuc hy and th• ,e,tontfon of order. '.J..'l,en C.;11.,weJth e ei~hl tpi:IOJe. con Ntd by U.e i'11d tabl.t. nt)er •·hich caruo anott..r nJdr,:,,i, of th& eo.gle 1.o 1:>homa, h-pc rha~\ a ,ccnn d appenl-t hcnpr .. 11wablyan o.nncero{ !he sun-godon d, Iual lJ, \Uc coming or Euna to the eagle . T he joined fragw•nt , K sr,;s + Hm <'::I. 1-8. 43 "'I"'""'"' the heginning oftl, i, im· modint e oontiuuatioo ofeilhCl" tho IJ<h fragmoo.t or ofK 15~7.

'fho •pi>0Je in the l~lh rngment a11d wilb which K2f',()6 begins mu, t lherefore 1,., remo•ed from the J>O"ition ~"igncd to th• la\\<r hy ll orpCT .._, a third grou p and placed b<Jforo !ho nine epi,od"" into ~hich "" ha, e di, ided the fint group . Harp<r ', , .,.,oud irronp con,i , ling of thejoiMil fn,.groent ~od , uppl•rn•llletl bylhreef orth errragruoola& ndr,,countiniEt ~u•'• rlight on tho h.odr o( tbe eagleu ,111"iW1..-ber1' ii is a!ld " ould \hu, form the oond uoioo of thn ta.I" Thn fli~ht n.t.<>rally fol\.;,., the r....cuo o( the ea~le hy ~!!aoa , To~;ng th n jo ined fra~metl\ Rm II, 4M ..:. i9 . • -8, 280 u uoe. it io clut !h~I \hi t M<l K 8~63 are dnplicat m <>r J"f'ro.l\el, ~nd I.ha\ l,c,th L~s• u with th~ 11.ol""J of tho OighL • K l$fi l of .,.l,io.h only a p~n of th~ 01 .. .,,..c ;, ~i ble. jo in~ Qn &!. t 18 lQ th o TO· •ern Q(J:lm 2, 454e l~ while llrn 622 (only ,111e, idt pre1en&d) Ju1,licat..0K3651. begin niogwith1.lll ~fK365 1 Lnd <r1tcndii,g ·-·-·-·- . . ·-<J. ,.p . \lJ. • tlth 1, 11o..,ilo,ffll,o~lotnl td, .. • l» ••nolo\Odo,~th,t

i.::26ol6 .. ;011••• &..iu b1e<or11t• .. ,i., ,. p,. .. ottU.. tt f<l;1i<,,,of100 doocrirt i,,n., .. ;, ,...i .., , h,.. 1.0on- • •ofth o .... t<K,tlo• utONer ~y l , htt., .. ~ Eo1;1.

•fl>rpnhao_J _ U.ooh<, no ond"'" .., ofA- . lR K. &,&3. 11,, ~ "" "'~ ul 1bo ub. u><;,, p.-.- ,....i. i.;,,., ~- 11 nn: !j!',lc; - ll, l - l 6of.,,,..,,.o11w,,i..,,..lr . Th, .. ...... ofK. . lto63<t fm 101 1>o • d .. U." ol tl,o k; na;(?) Eta ... (l.4) .. dl<l io.;,,, 1,,<1o(<-Ji., • .. M.;,. 1,7).,dU,.,..f"""foml ..... _.,n <'.d.ottl>atfollo,..,lupon ,t.. flia;hl

JI.Janr-0w, {!910

5 linH beyond the latter, II. 26-30 or Rm ~22 corro,pond ing to ll.:H\o27o fl he re•crseof Rm:l,~:i,l ete. ' Ifwearot nuru me 1ha\tl, 011e t .-ofr"l!m <n1"( K 36M udlt m52:l )a loobeg.n,. ith theae<oun\ofU,ollig),t,.,·ewou ldba•etoo uppo,,oforthe former a\ lea,\ 40 addit ional Jiu .. at U,o top, .. bioh " onl<l gi,e u1a1.ah letof& t! eu tl30lin .. andforth o latter&n additionof501ine,atthe top,.bichwoulrlg i, o u,a 1abie\ of 160 linOII. Thi, io most unlikel1 and it i , much more prohble Iha\ both fragment , be~an ,ritb tlle ••cond - and fa1.al- flight\olbcp! oco ofhh1.ar, the fir,tendin ( 1occ .. , fol11 with thoarri• a! attheg ateof Anu, Enlil andF, a.> Thi ooocond lligbtforrningano.-epi,odo,ronldboanapprop iaw. vlaoe at which \o begin a ne• toblet. 'l'bo joined fra~ment and K 8;;63 "ould thu, contain botll epi><>tles, .. hi]~ tl ,e othw fragmeoto •o uld begin "i th lhe IIOOOOd flight -t he u.mo rel&tiomhip tlouefo .. a, bet"'••n K 2527 ~nd K 1547. If "" a,;sume (•• abo,·o ougg .. tcd) , IL~t the •tory of Et "" '' comiog to the •ill\ • extended into \be 5tl , tablet of edition C, wo may 1u1>­pooo tha\ th e1>isodo oftbo firo\ 8igb1w ... •tillto!din lhi1 tn.blet and th,t the t,ro fng men\.JI \l,e r<>fo .. r<preoeut the ~:t:t:: t;,~ :::t ~!ti :: b:tiL:f .~~i:.. eJition-an J in all pro•

Th o lacger oi,eofthot ablet,o f «<lilion B (to ~·hich the 13th frag ment belong, ) warra n\.JI u, fo an umiug that both flight , •er• included in or,o \able!. Rm i,4 54 might, therefore, reprelWnt the 4tl, tabletof edition ll thou~b \Li, lfoold uo umc a longnarratheinth e 3rdtabl etbofor o thoac\ ual Aight b<gan. Pethap o here too it may be more reaoonahle to ,up JIOIO \b•t IL< other \"0 fngmenb r,p, .., en\ the 4th tablet ofoditioo B and the 5thofedition • .\., wl,ilo Rm2,4M .. bich i, am uchbroadert,bletthantb o oth<to(...,lh e photognp h, in H o:rpu, BA, 11,p . b09 compar<J with p...03) "ou ld then npre..,nt a fourth edition of tJ,o narrati,e-complete perh•p • inthr eeora\tbe most in four\abl~t.. CertainlJ.th e fa\ali .. ue ofth eo<co ndH ightmu , tbrin guo lotbe eodoft he narra(iTe. The roonlt of our examination thuo ohou that the fragmon<O oofarrecoT<redr.vr nen tfir e andprobab ly o.ixd iffeT<nl ~opi.,. of tho test__ _

or',.~::;.': ;:•'i! ~~s".'.;:~~ :r~~i!;,:' M-;:-::..~16 • JI. M --M of "'".,. ol Rm~ . <>I otc. S.o oloo l-olow p. I~

,·01.,u.] Anolkr.fragmrntefthoE!ot1a Myth.

(I) Edition A in & tobleto (llJ Edition Bin 4 tab\o\o (3) Edition C in 6 tablets (4) Edition D in S o, 4 tablm (0) A {.-.gmentolan edition (K 2600)

whichm,.yno\h a•e conta io&d.alllheepi.od .._ Allth uea re io tho K011yunjikcollection. towhkh i• to be addedlh e (6Jf rag• men\ of tu Hammurabi p<ri<>d-• lat ge tablet with two oolomn, to e&cb oide- r,pre .. n\iug the beginning or the ol<lry and -.,hicltprobab lyl<l ldthowhole otoryinonotableL

Combining now to the n r iouo fragment, of the otory u d Je .. ing u ide tho l")Uibili1ythatinoomo•o raionor• oraion, eertain <!Ii.ode, "°" not inoludt<I, we may ""°n , truct the , tory oo fu a, knowntou , upl<lth e plft<ent "' fo!lo><._ Tbe&ce ...,i , laidin acil7wbichh .. beeu <l.,.. rtodby it. patroo deity or poHibly by the god, in general. A ot.,,u,ofconfuion andanarchyeri , to,<lneapp,.reutlyl<ltbo h<:>o\ilit7 of the Tgigi. Th e Anuooaki Lold a coun .. l in order to pot O,ll<nd to thil ota\o of affaira. Th o godde., l,htar and the godEnli l appear tohetheon eo de, ignated tocomo l<I the '"""" "· A king i, J>UI in control on earth bylho goddeos, wbilo on high Eolil .o.idt in r~e , ta.bli,hing ordtr . As in oo mAn7oftholl abylonio.n myth', wethuob an ._ oorreopondonc• b•t• een MCurrenoe, -OD oarth and ph<n-0m•n• in lb• hea, en,. ConfU!ioftandanarcliyb olow is pa.rallol«lb7d iot11rbanc•• -011 high. During \hio otato of anarchy, producti•ily ce .. eo on H rth. Tho ,hoop do not bMrJ011J18, lho god, u e deaf to appeah or pon,1 .,.. to in1' r,eo o agai111t thora •&J!•Ocom· miti, J b7 boot.ii• powero.

i-: .. g!eand oerp<nt aroontinlroduc edaoformi11gan .. 1liance 1<1 carry on a worknf dootnoc\i-00. ~'bo7 defy tho autl1ori\J of Sho.muh ,obo rop« .. utoordor andju,tic o. l,'romth o facttb...t tl,o \ing wl,ombhtarp \ace, incontrol ioa loo <l01ig01\ed u r•'M" , hepberd"&ndth a\El anaapp u .. inlh o ol<lryua ohepherJ.,• we m~y1,erhapt be permittod tocooclud e tha t the kingwh o i, in1talled-0rp "'o iblyr .. inota!lodb7 h btari , none other thonE11na. Ho• •• •r thio may bo, tl,ere is 0<rtai11ly a

JI . J411,-o,,-. [10!0.

di ,..,ct conn..,ti on h<lwe<ntbe nni;- .. commitwl b)•tlle er.sl• and oerpent nnd tl,o ,liot, .... of Y.tano, boll, being du• to !ho gonen,l <onfu,iio1J1l .. tui 1ta lhMUgh thel aekof0<1<,<rol on thep art oft h,,..Mgl 1trpo,rer, 1h , ,.p..-ntonl er 1,,Jth e hu monio .-orking of the b •• of D3tlJ.U 'l'h~ ota.ta. or ~ITain remind1 ono somowhat of tht 0011diW.mf 11,at p,.u;i durfog th e period 1h01 hl•tar is recaintd a, • v•isoner in tho lo~·~, .,o, M. dnri 11g which time liko•iM lln 1,uimiJs do not bring lon l, theiryn nng:.• ln tl<l, <H" wo ll).re. u i, genera lly ,..toSni .. J.1natnrem 1thport,..ying1h e cho.ng• oC.oea,on,; ~ndin •i• wofthef,..,1n eney •id,., ·hicbtl,U1-;/~n,.. in 8 3bf loniau ,nytl11. ii it IIOl.ilR~robaLI~ 1.1,at the conditions port~red ~I 11,e beginning of Uie Et~ na •lory ,..,.\ on t.\ie oamo s<nua l ba,io.- a po<lra~l of tl,e rain J and ,10t1ny 1euo nio thohe a<en• and oue:.rth.w!, iel, coo,ld 1,e 1y1n• bolica!lyrepr..enleda. a timeolWJ>foliuuan dd ,w rder

All 1h;., 1..,~••• •. lllUII be •iewed ... 1norel1 oonj<,olo1ra ! uni;) afortunatoch,nco ohall bring lo light more l'.ragmonh ofthi , partofth e narn,li '" .

1'he aUi~nce bet,r..,n the eogle !Uld \loo"' '"""' come, to an untim ely end. '!'hey go into tho motrntaino IO hunt for food. Each i1 accorupanied hJ &Y""DJI" brood. Fint the engle kill 1a naniniala.nda har " itwithbis1ou ng (or " ithth<roun11 ofthe,erpe ul ), th,01L e,uponl.kill,3 n anim1l and ,husit .. ithhisyo uug (orlri th tbe1onns oftl ,e eagl•).b utth e Hgl • ~, .. thooj)porlnn.ity ,rhileth e !OCl•go ft he serpent are engagod io UI Ulg t<>pounee doo<nupon them. Ue,loe, thio Jnpit.etl, a-.:aro iog ofouofthey oung u glcs. deocribod u "•••1 cl•• •~· <;r "•e ry wite~ • .-l,,; urg" b;., no, t,; ~«ak !l\1 J.- ·1 of Sham ... J, i. ~- OQI \0 run couu•~r tu 11,, ln ·1 <,f J"ii,),u. """' ... ud jo~liCf'. TI,, u.sl • C011, ume< the Joung of the u rpont ud 1ho la~ tr ·~pe,,1, to l'iL• ma.,~ fur re .. uge for the injnrr WHitt <d. $h•n1..,1, li11en• to the serpent and propuoe1 ~ •l~ tegy. ll o adri"' tht 0ttp0nt t,; con«a L himoelr ~i!Lin tho <•rcaM of a wild buH-<u,e of 1h, uim1b , lain Juriog theal lioneo boh •oenll oeeag leanJ l.be .. rpent -1 nd th<n.,. hen tho ugk OWOOJ)lld""·n upon ii. to tt i<O hi111 and tear him to p;..,.._ 1'llc• tr..l"l(.•5uc-d L Againth o )'Oungc ., glcw• ru1 tho fnthor eag le &Dd apin tl111 latte r pay• 0-0 bood to the

warniog. He land, uron the bull, the .. ,pent jump• out, tu ... tho wiog, and ru.Uiel"ll of tl,e eagle aod the latter i• left lo die in a hole in the mounta ino. lie dou ooi die ltowo•ar . It i, now th o,gle 's turn to appu.1 to Shamuh to whom ho promi,e1 eternal obedience. if only the 1un-god will help him out of l1i• plight. A t th e ,am o time Etana •th e oheptiord~ dai\1 appe•I• to Sluuna, I, to agaio brin g about fertility among hi,o heep. Ho a,k, 1ho sun•god to 11liow him tho plantofbirth1halh o may gi•e it tohisflock . 1'hrongl, the now fragment the mooting oft ho eagle and Ets.na i• for the ji r,t ti .. , ""'"" ,.z...r. The plan\ of birth ~n>•• in \ho "'""n tain,intho,cryhollowin10•h id 1tho eaglehao~ cast. Sham""h'"" Y<al, thi, t<>Etan~ whotak es tho ro&<I t<, the mountain and, guided by one of the young eagle• (ifJ en,en'• ro,toratioo KB YI. Ip . 110, 8 ;, correct). com .. aero,. th e eagle. The eagle •r~ • t<, £ tan ~ to noleaoe him from \ho hole and H a rowardpromi.., , t<> fly.,ith Etana to the dwelling of \h o god, . We oro unforluna\ely ldtin doob\wheth <'r Etana se<JUTOJ \ho de,;irod plant and the gap in the narrati •e a\ thi• ro inta ho pre,on t, u, from a,,cortaining tbo purpo10of tho flight. Jo a general way we ma7 conjectnn, that tho eaglo hold• out th o hof>< lo E ta no ofbe iog placed among \ho god s, in other ,ror<J.• of ..., uriog immortal ity like e. g. Ut-napiohtim. th o l1oroo f1l 1e deluge. Thi, isa favorito tl1fflloin Bab1loniao m1th, • hich. it will be recalled i, introduced into tho Gil· gamMh opic.' Etan a mount, on the back oftb e eagle ud together they fly u1,.,.anlo. They rooeh tho bea, en of Anu aod at \ho gale or Anu. Enlil and Ea -i. e. the ecliptic.' they !'.llllo a ball. &, for 10 good. Again a gap oceun in

'S.., .h,t n>w.il<lir- •/IWylo,,U,a,~A..,....(llo1 li•h«l.)pp.•MJ<'l •Th< oelipt>C. ~•••• u " " t•""" & .. Ii •,,;,ad or tM •• • " r ...

Ko1lor.S t..,.t,.,,d,...d!i""',/;a..,;.1!,,l,d.l.p.2Ml;Thomp,00. &P"<b o/ t~,A.1~<1< .• Ntr.88,IO!l;l'iroll,o.od.L",<,~Oo/· ~,,, .J ,4r., ,,)l",._)(ll.73;XXV.s..0'3 , te.ete. \io di,id<di.,o1h ffi0 .-; • .,,1co.,., .. , M •.-!fo,h , ."' TI>Mlfo,Eo1;J" '"d"TI>Mlf"'Eo" ... .-,,; .. 11 (Vfro lkud, bhta, N,. JI' ~ TM t•+. of Ao • . !tom and F., io tl>ettFoN,y oooymoa, ,itbt h, ,o, ,.o oo poi.ioftlw,e< liptio. T .. r., .. , ,. 1,btb,,u .. -lh< .. tot.liob<dultok,j;iuloy" ''" · ";, .i.o;odi"'t<dbJ tlw,poloftb , -,,, d a;go t-th ,, to.Hoool hb t ... ;.i.oti~od;n,hou u,,.. log-ieol •J>ltO>'o'ilbtMplooell'eaoo.S...J a,\row.11,J;,.o.Bo~;m. wod,l"""""" Tl, pp . .. lHd .. ,""1.l•th•Ad • p•o,,<h , tho boroalN TM<h .. tbo Jot•of Ao, (Jo" ... . Kti1"'°"" .;/U ,Bi/>l.,Vl,l,p.96).

.ll J aslrow. r1g 10.

the narrot i,e and when th e thread i• once more t&ken np, wo find tho co.gle llr giDg E t.a.no. to con tinne the jooruO)' i.o. ord er lo , oacl, tho plao ~-h&re b hW - i. o. the pla.nd \' ~nm - J..-ell .. A , i.o. tJ, e ou,, of th e fil"lll ffight, adi ,t.a.11ceof tb.roc ira.rln, or •ix houn i1 «wered . WLcthor al thi, ~oiut tlio eagle'e etr eugth i• e~hau, ted or wLrther the goJden Leru lf inu,r. •e noo, nt all e• onu 1hr precipitous deoor.nl L"!!ii, .. The ~gl e (allo thr 1>ughlh o1 p...,.,l>f th= douhlebou na, ,d roa cl.101 1he groun d. T he clooe oflh e n,.,.....ti• • i• "' "• ing but d oar l)· th e 1'"'1"""' of the fligl1l Lu railed . W ea ro lcl"l. toc onjwtu l'i! wbat li..\ ppn eJ. t1> Ebo & a.ad to his a <>cient •ain hi~."

In •i •w 1>flho oomt>O"itc chua,, 1.er or oo man)' oftl, e olori ..i 14 t hn e como down to u1 from anc ien t Habylooia.,• it y;i ll not UeJu h~u nlou , I<> u,rume tha t in the Et.a.na wy\b t~·o ori gimJ.ly ind e(><ndc nt ulc, lut.,c been C<>rnbined,oo e h,ed on ana tur o m,ihuddeoc ri bing a sta toofAn archya nd c,0n. fu,ionin a ciLy .-hi ch, r:,, d""erl edb J it< J>ll,lronJo ityorbJ tbogod , ing< neral . lh,ri ng thi,pc rio,.iallfc rtility cea..,,, Th ~ lgigi are ho,W e lo I.be ci ty aod aw oog tho s.,., ·ho suffer frointhe anger ofthogod ,io .l-'.tana, tho shephcrd,. hose u crific"' lo lb~ go,.Js ar e or uo u ail in bri.uging about fer­\jl ity among hi s ffocb. Orde r i, n,s to red t hr<M1i,:h the inter· 1·enl ion ofb hlnr - t bngodd ... offer t ility incoope ratioo ..-itb J:nlil. Aft.or lho rodont ion, E t&oa appeal, to Sh>.=.. 1,--or perh•pg originall y lo b ht u to sMw him th e pl•nt ofhirth ol whiot, he h"'" hHlrd and LhrougL.whieli lti• •h,,ep cnn again he 1,roUJjhl lo b ... , you ng. T he ro,111es l U i:rantod. Et&na, it would a]'l it nr, ;, a l10 re inota tcd a , n ,lor o .. , hi$ people and iii, r -01.M>nab le to &uppo:.ie tbll,I th tale eudod w j tl, the tr Dtll'fer o! E tnuu .. a fa•orit e of tho god,-li~ e Ut ·!>~pi1!J. tiw - tu ~ plac e amo ng d ie iw111or1Abi.

A le«i Dd \ale i• tbot of&n allia nce fo,..,,,ed bri be ea glo an d the oerpent ,tho1 , .,.choryofth0C or naera ndhi o 1,u11i, h•

' •·o, ,i ., tn.Uoi, at.,.,. '"lh o .. , bor', ~oper •Oo lho O::.mpooito Obo, o<to, of th ,& 1>,lo,,; ... l,.,...;..,8 ..,, 1• 1. ,t.o s .i<1<1<o t' .. 1ocLrifl V o! ll , ~P· -- ~; tor U,, G~ epic, 11>e .. u.o,•, 1/,U~~ of .Ba6J,k,,; o •d ,t..,..;., (f.., J!W, .,.i; ij..,~ pp. MSJ<y .... ~ 11" "' """ &h ..; dor.l>io> A'lolffll..,.,la~.t,poo(l...:p,i,..S. milj1ti0<f.o St"~i<o. Y, I) ,. 1,o (p. ll3) ""lo"'"""°" atoo '° tbe ,..<ill<Js bot .- .. ,. t:: :~, , ~Hr• - ,..ki,h INI to t.bo b.1tr <n• f......, of tho 1,..0 by

Vol.n, .J AnoU,.,- J,'yagOlffltof lho Ela• aJ t111!1.

ment tl,roogh theint enentionof Sharn• •h- the ropre,en t&ti•• or ju , tice and order. Thi• tal e appears to be a pioce or anciontfol k!orentl,ertltan • mytl,,lowbicl, thoroha, hffn added after thomann er of folk \alea&moral - not\o break lbe d~= • ofSh &ma,lL

Tl,o,e t ,..o talo,- the modifiednalure 10Jtl1 andth e folk-tale with & monl-wore eombioed,ju,t u in tlio Gi lgameoh epic tho two indeptmdent .. n .. of ta le, of Gilg ame,h aodEtao a ... ere tombin&d.1 Theallian ce ofe aglean d .. rpent,..hojoinfor cea in a warfa re ag&in,t the animals of1be mouotaioo io made a feature of the confu, ion that reign• ,..hile the god, manif .. t their anger or bo,t i!ity. The oerpent' • appeal to Sbamub for•eog eaoeeougge,t.. E tana',a p[>Cal to the god for the plan!. of birth andtboeompletelink b<t,..oonth e hrotal .. i, brou ght a bout by the mtttiogof E tana. and the eagle intberuoun\ain ..-here lhe lKiugbt for plant io to be found. The \rao,for or Et ana to the god, lead1 to the episodeort ho eagle c&rryiog him thith<r a• a reward for helping the eagle ou\ of bi, ,a d plight. That thr ough the combination both tal es undnrwon\ aru odificatiooi ,, ure lyutu ral . & it ioare a1onahlecon ­jecture that in the otoryoft hee aglea"dthe1erpe nLtbe former t.ctuallyd ies a/ter i,.ingtorntopiec,obytheoerpeoL Indeedifonoreado tbedeoc r iption,iti,difficultto ­,.h•t el"" can h.appon to the "'glo excep t des,tb. Th ero oeem, lo be nothing lefiofhim .rte r the oerpent fini, h"" hi, work. lnordertoeonn~tlhetwotaleo,\b e eagleiore,i.e d aod io ,.,.c ued by Etan a. Sirnilu lJ, in th e origi no.lta leof Etan a, theroi t o,o ry reaoon too uppoootha t he w, .. actually placed among \ho god,. 1'hio i1 , hown by the , uceon of the firolfti gl,tinwhicbthegoa l i,attained,oi nce tJ,ebea.enof A.nu- the bigheat part of hoa.en• - i, rnac!ood. Th e oocond £lighti , clearl1 & duplic&too f thefirot and betn.y,,in the languageu,ed itadependanc e upontheformer. lti oa fuoritn theme 'll"i\h the B&bylonian theo logian, to whom we owe the pre,ena tionand fiulfor1n in ,.hichthe old foll taloo and JJOJmlar mylh, w<re ca•L that lllll cannot eorne to the gods, nor co.n he findoutwhati o in,tor e forhimaft erdeath, beyond the certainty tht be will be eondomn~d lo inacti, ity in a

, s..u, . ... 1mo-iot heFree«l io10010 . 'Gi lf •,ne,h F.pio. XT, II~

gloomy oublern. nean ca•ern. There W&f be e,,oeptiono but t.hati s \be gene ralrul e. lt wouldb ., qniteiokoeping•it htbio , piriti f intheoombinat iono f tl, ., two t.a].,. , E ta na iopicture d ... p .. n nte dlromotla ininghi,gooL Iost eadofb eing bro11gl1t into the pre oence of blotar l,e i, thro•n down to the ea.it.. Ju ,tuh ea pp,aroto beo ppm&chinghiogool.theeog le with Et ono on hi, bsck fall, tlm ;mglo the gtta \ OJ>",Ce of tloreo double houn ' that he ho, t ..,.,-,,...J - j u, t a, Gil gam°"h after oil h i,,.au derin l'eomeo bock to Uruk wl,enco lte • tar ted.out -. ith b i, m,in pupu - tl,e oecuringofimmun ityfrom death­nnaceompli,J,e,d, Tbe twot.sloot hu,oombinedarow~ J• to \eoch ale ,oonorrathe.twol .. oon .. - (&)ono \ha\\1 10 ]a,. , of Shama, h u nnot bet ran,g~w itho uto ntailinggrio•ouspu nishment and ffCOIIJly-a nd more important--(b ) that man cannot be im­mor\ a] like tl1e goJ 1. lti , thi o l.,...,..,. hich tl,o Babyloni on thoolo itian s madetho burdonof lheco mpooit e Gilga.me, h ep ic, a, i,,ho,. n byt.heclC>t1"ofthota leonits pr o,entfo rm. lt i, thi, le, oon [jl;e,. ;,e,. ]oiclti o ill uotr otod by 1hotal e of A dapA whothrong),adoceJ)lionp ra ctioeJouhiwforf< it, irumottality;• and i\ i, thi , u. me leHon,.hieh, as it , ..,m,tome, \h e Et.on, myth in it s final t'orm wu intended to coo•oy .

In , iew of th e ne w and important fngm nt o of tl ,o myth tl ,a th .. e boenfound, inco ilu perp ubl iohedhi • .t udyof the te xtfifle eny ea,... ,go.itwonlJb e profitab loton,oon , idec in detoil the many phraUel, of the , tory found among other ution •• ndio oome of whiol, II arperal,..,.d y called. atl<'ntion.>

>Tl,a1 tbohd fti1l,t ;,-,. lr a dopJ;...i.of1bofin1i,-..i , 1bo p<m,ta..,. of tbo • ,1,..., dooblo boon " MU., di ,t.•Ntn .. ....i. lo ... 1;1,, bo 1...,ffi11,,...,., , ,i ,do,b lot.o • n•o d 1bototlooo1 MLolo! L thi, d.lnu oo h<lor, N'&<bio~ ,i.. ,,.,It,

•S..J,o,.o, Kti/;~;,.,Bibl..Uok.,' l. l,rp,9-< -JOI. , -,.,...A_.;.,or, ,H,pp . .f0.1--IO'I. 1,u,, , ,.,. yo ft loo K, ;

K.,. , or ~••i u .... lM Kio; of , ,.,,;.,. , han (W>AC . a=wd i, r "' trotlitiooolo<«"' "'"bo, t'°'"P " ' • n, to i..., .. .,.it bLbobo lpof ... Je,aad......,togri<f , ,..ca n -lh,i »ft .. 0« oftboM J \lt of E'""" "' " fo,-doo dod• p"d to,- h Lboloooooorp ooi,h,.e, t ror b"._..Jof1iogprid e. ln op,,)'>ffoo t>;,otorr,-.! bok>rt!thoA.,.,;<0, o, ;.,. ..,i 6o<>dy, Apri l ilh~ 1909. ood<r t.h tiU. "A Lor,, d of A.....,

~;r:~:i:.~::•::~a.:.;.':°;;~T!."';:•1,~:•~:,;;•~~~:~: (lro,,,i.,; .,. b1W .. tinSaer-.dlloo I'O oftbol':ut , •.8;,pp. 21lO--WII); Tobori~ Ao..i.. (td . do G0<,io l. p~ ], p. 81'.111); P'frdu ;, Sb,hna..., (ad, v , 11,.,.. .I Loodooer I, m-" ~· 11.461---18"; 2, 1888. 11.l!OtS- l!Ol') ;

To do oo, ht ~, bo ..-6,tT,would<:IUTJU W<>far ..,11J ,n u;\ be ldl for oorne otL~r oox ... ion,

Al,Th1!o.libi, JJUt. ;n <4J/l>i,d,o l .,._(<41.o~b<'lt , firi O,l 000, p. I'») , w ld io """ -"" ,. ;,~ i,;.; Kao>' L•il<Uos or • b~ b wwor i• Bohyloo, fro"' wbicli tN OU<mr• 10 .-k *'"° 1,y _,,, of "~le, ,. ., , .. oo, TIii, int<N!OliO(l «>0>biM,i.., orlboocrial ffi11b••itlio.u l< u,,,i ,n iclon\ly oor -odh11.Mbiblil* ow ey of , M T0.,. ,o f l\o bo\, i, odi teC<OOIIM<1,-o l U>tl o1tod"°""ooflbo mon,l•le,.. nt!n \l>o ol~ ""'""' "'1' b. 'l'lotb ibllcol• w1, .-otoioe 11>ooa- • .,.,,l•J 'iol "" 01nbitioo, p,.;.i. ,wu....,.;.,odw ith tbotol&o f X, iKo., , ood tholo ttot m..! ,tl>o"' n"'1flt'-•Flbooombitto,l u i..

)byw , po,b,p - io lbo HiJb<ofH.,.,y -t. ..;t1:t u,., ,-.,;loo1u lbo "' " or 11,o pJ o .. ~ in l'•1•h 'o lfi1b L ,. ;u, UH, wiop,1 Gup.J on<! bu 1. n w .. n h,( • 1old ioApo)e;oo' b<ootil•ltalooo fG • p;d ondl',1 obo - ~leia rnorpb .,_ V, IOI) - ..;,b owdlr.cation,o r oh• opiOO<lo ;" lbo ~Ian> myib ' Cf, - · - · ~I- . ZD !Jl(}. 18, p. 100, n<K, 6 aboo< tbo" "'1"1Koit.:.u