foundation in information technology (cs-t-101) topic : information system – software
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FOUNDATION IN INFORMATION FOUNDATION IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
(CS-T-101)(CS-T-101)
TOPIC : INFORMATION SYSTEM –
SOFTWARE
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
A Computer consists of 2 basic parts:
Hardware Software
HardwareHardware
Physical components of a system
SoftwareSoftware
Computer instructions or data
Classification of SoftwareClassification of Software
System softwareSystem softwareApplication softwareApplication software
System SoftwareSystem Software
System software are designed to make the
computer easier to use.
Example: Operating System
Application SoftwareApplication Software
Application Software is written to enable
the computer to solve a specific data
processing task.
Example: Payroll processing
UtilitiesUtilities
Utility programs are those which are very
often requested by many application
programs.
Example: SORT/MERGE
Categories of software packagesCategories of software packages
Database management softwareSpreadsheet softwareWord Processing softwareGraphics softwareData Communication softwareStatistical and Operational Research
software
Categories of LanguagesCategories of Languages
Machine languageAssembly languageHigh level language
Machine LanguageMachine Language
Sequence of instructions written in the form of binary numbers consisting of 1’s and 0’sfor which the computer responds directly.Advantage:It is faster in execution.Disadvantage:It is difficult to understand and develop programs
Assembly LanguageAssembly Language
Employing symbols for the operation part, the
address part and other parts of the instruction
code.
Advantage:
It gives more readability than machine
Language.
Disadvantage:
Program is specific to particular machine
architecture.
Low Level LanguagesLow Level Languages
Machine and Assembly languages are
referred to as Low Level Languages.
High Level LanguageHigh Level Language
These enables the programmer’s to write
programs that are more or less
independent of a particular type of a
computer.
Advantage:
Easier to write, read and maintain the
programs
Examples: COBOL, BASIC, FORTRAN
CompilerCompiler
A program that takes the entire source
code as input and produces as output the
object code
compilerSource code
Object code
InterpreterInterpreter
A program that translates the source
code to the object code line by line.
Elements of a programming languageElements of a programming language
Variables, Constants, Array and Expressions
Input and Output statements
Conditional and Looping statements
Subroutine and Functions
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