freyr solutions, inc. s tel n av -1000 10/23/2012 b randon b aker k eegan c olbert r yan h aughey m...

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

STELNAV-100010/23/2012

BRANDON BAKERKEEGAN COLBERTRYAN HAUGHEY

MEGAN HEARDCOLLIN MARSHALLBEN MORALES

TRAVIS RAVENSCROFT

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

MISSION STATEMENT“To expand the domain of humanity beyond the earth for the betterment, preservation, and advancement of all humankind by creating a self-sustaining, mobile habitat that ensures the physical and psychological well-being of its inhabitants.”

• 24 Month Trip Time

• 12 Crew Members

• Capable of Interplanetary Space Travel

COLLIN MARSHALL

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

SYSTEMS REVIEW• Structural Overview

• Life Support

• Internal Architecture

• Guidance, Navigation & Control

• Communication

• Propulsion

• Power Plant

• Mission Planning

• Design Advantages

BEN MORALES

Supporting Truss Structure Transport Tube Habitable Pod Central Hub Hallway

STRUCTURAL DESIGN

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

Spacecraft Structure

Dumbbell Cylindrical

Modular Pods

RigidTethered

Spherical Toroidal

Circular Cross Section

Square Cross Section

Oval Cross Section

Inhabitable Pods (TRANSHAB)

Uniform Cross Section

3 Sections of Two Pods

Evenly Distributed Pods

Square Cross Section Hallways

Circular Cross Section Hallways

Centrally Located Propulsion

Overall Structural

Profile

EXTERNAL STRUCTURE

BEN MORALES

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS• Torus Radius: 60 m

• Small radius to reduce mass

• Preliminary Mass Estimate: 950 MT

• Rate of Rotation: 3.86 rpm

KEEGAN COLBERT

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

LAYOUT BENEFITS• Versatility:

• Pods can be added or removed and individually designed

• Continuity:

• All pods are connected with hallways

• Large Living Space

• Flat Floors:

• Pods do not require curved floors like traditional torus

• Zero Gravity Central Hub

• Contains propulsion, power generation, and agricultural production

• Limited Radiation Shielding:

• 23.2 rem/year – 29.2 rem/year built in to the inflatable pods

KEEGAN COLBERT

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

• Structural Overview

• Life Support

• Internal Architecture

• Guidance, Navigation & Control

• Communication

• Propulsion

• Power Plant

• Mission Planning

• Design Advantages

MEGAN HEARD

SYSTEMS REVIEW

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

LIFE SUPPORTOver the course of 2 years, 12 people would consume:

• 7,360 kg oxygen

• 26,300 kg water

• 18,700 kg food

Recycling is essential for any long term independent space habitation

MEGAN HEARD

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

COMPONENTS• Atmospheric control

• Oxygen production and carbon dioxide management

• Nutrition

• Food production

• Waste management

• Recycling of liquid and solid waste

MEGAN HEARD

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

ATMOSPHERIC CONTROL

• Algae will be used for O2 production and CO2 elimination

• 96 m2 of algae can provide O2 for a crew of 12

• 3 pods will have 48 m2 tanks below the lowest floor

• Algae will require 30 kg of water and will use sunlight to power photosynthesis

• Mechanical filtration will be used to remove other impurities from the air

MEGAN HEARD

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

ATMOSPHERIC CONTROL

• The algae grown will be arthrospira platensis (Spirolina)

• Supplement crew member’s diets

• 57% protein by mass and high in several essential vitamins and minerals

MEGAN HEARD

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

NUTRITION

• Aeroponics for food growth

• Aeroponics reduce water usage by 98 percent, fertilizer usage by 60 percent

• Up to six crop cycles per year, instead of the traditional one to two crop cycles.

MEGAN HEARD

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

NUTRITION

• Located in the central hub to take advantage of the lower gravity

• 200 m2 will be used to produce food for the entire crew of 12

MEGAN HEARD

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

WASTE MANAGEMENT

• In order to be self sustaining, waste products must be used to provide nutrients for agriculture

• 3 stages of bacterial decomposition will be used to purify water and compost waste into usable fertilizer

MEGAN HEARD

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

• Structural Overview

• Life Support

• Internal Architecture

• Guidance, Navigation & Control

• Communication

• Propulsion

• Power Plant

• Mission Planning

• Design Advantages

TRAVIS RAVENSCROFT

SYSTEMS REVIEW

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE• Requirements

• Provide a habitat for a crew of 12

• 47 m2 floor space per person ( ~ 600 m2 total)

• Other considerations

• Psychology of habitable area

• Coriolis effects

• Effects of structural vibration on crew comfort

TRAVIS RAVENSCROFT

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE• Inflatable habitat selected based upon launch and manufacturing considerations

• Vertical and horizontal designs considered

• Horizontal design chosen based upon psychology of area, crew have longer lines of sight

TRAVIS RAVENSCROFT

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE• 6 total habitat structures

• 2 floors per structure

• 820 m2 of useable floor space

• 3 used for living space

• 1 used for recreation

• 1 used for spacecraft control operations

• 1 used for medical and science work

TRAVIS RAVENSCROFT

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

• Lower Floor

• Kitchen

• Bathroom

• Upper Floor

• Bedrooms

• Storage space

CREW LIVING SPACE

TRAVIS RAVENSCROFT

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE• Command and Control module

• Provides workspace for all personnel

• Recreation Pod

• Exercise equipment

• Sections of upper floor removed

• Science and Medical Pod

• Provides lab space for scientific experiments

• Medical area in case of injury or sickness

TRAVIS RAVENSCROFT

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

• Structural Overview

• Life Support

• Internal Architecture

• Guidance, Navigation & Control

• Communication

• Propulsion

• Power Plant

• Mission Planning

• Design Advantages

BRANDON BAKER

SYSTEMS REVIEW

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION & CONTROLSpacecraft Utilities

Navigation Command and Data Computer

Pulsing uplink

Star maps

Operating System

LinuxDoppler ShiftOptical Nav.

Windows MAC

Fully autonomous

High-level cmd, autonomous

task completion

Tele-robotic operation

Command and Control

Attitude Determination

and Control

CMGs GyrosStar Trackers

ThrustersMomentum Wheels

Sensors Actuators

BRANDON BAKER

GNC Detail

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

• Structural Overview

• Life Support

• Internal Architecture

• Guidance, Navigation & Control

• Communication

• Propulsion

• Power Plant

• Mission Planning

• Design Advantages

BRANDON BAKER

SYSTEMS REVIEW

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

Communications

Transponder Waveguide Switches

High-Gain Low-GainMedium-Gain

UHF antenna and Receiver

Control Unit

Command Detector Unit

BRANDON BAKER

Communication Detail

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

• Structural Overview

• Life Support

• Internal Architecture

• Guidance, Navigation & Control

• Communication

• Propulsion

• Power Plant

• Mission Planning

• Design Advantages

COLLIN MARSHALL

SYSTEMS REVIEW

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

PROPULSIONChemical Ion Nuclear Thermal Rocket

• High Thrust• Low Isp

• Low Thrust• High Isp

• High thrust and Isp

• Radiation danger

Assemble in LEO

Travel to Earth-Moon L1 Point

Interplanetary Space Travel

ΔV 2 km/s

Thrusters for attitude control

VASIMR ENGINE

Mass: 50,000 kgCost: $50 mil COLLIN

MARSHALL

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

• Structural Overview

• Life Support

• Internal Architecture

• Guidance, Navigation & Control

• Communication

• Propulsion

• Power Plant

• Mission Planning

• Design Advantages

RYAN HAUGHEY

SYSTEMS REVIEW

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

Power Consumption Estimates

Propulsion 1200 kW

Attitude 500 kW

Inhabitants 200 kW

Total 1900 kW

Power Module required: 2 MW

Power

Dynamic Static

Solar Nuclear Photovoltaic Fuel Cell Nuclear

RYAN HAUGHEY

Power Detail

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

• Structural Overview

• Life Support

• Internal Architecture

• Guidance, Navigation & Control

• Communication

• Propulsion

• Power Plant

• Mission Planning

• Design Advantages

RYAN HAUGHEY

SYSTEMS REVIEW

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

MISSION SCHEDULEPhase 1: Module Assembly

Perimeter modules launched into LEO in paired launches

Structural components launched. Manned missions assemble.

Propulsion module launched and assembled

Phase 2: Gateway Transit

Main engine burn to reach Lagrange Point Deceleration Spin-up commences

Phase 3: Crewed Mission

Direct launch to rendezvous with station Engine refuel Main engine burn to reach

destination

RYAN HAUGHEY

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

MISSION BUDGET

Launch Vehicle Atlas VLaunches 32

Cost Per Launch $140M

Total Launch Cost $4.5B

Mission Quantity PayloadModule Coupling 6 ModulesModule Link 12 TrussesTorus Construction 12 HallwaysPropulsion Attachment 1 PropulsionCrew Deployment 1 Crew

RYAN HAUGHEY

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

• Structural Overview

• Life Support

• Internal Architecture

• Guidance, Navigation & Control

• Communication

• Propulsion

• Power Plant

• Mission Planning

• Design Advantages

RYAN HAUGHEY

SYSTEMS REVIEW

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

DESIGN ADVANTAGES:

• Versatility

• Livability

• Sustainability

RYAN HAUGHEY

INNOVATING THE FUTURE THROUGH…

QUESTIONS?

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

COMMAND AND DATA COMPUTER SUBSYSTEM• Command sequence and programs uplink

• Spacecraft clock

• Telemetry

• Data Storage

• Fault Protection and Safing

• AACS

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

NAVIGATION• Navigation data acquisition

• Velocity via Doppler shift of coherent downlink

• Range via pulsing uplink

• Angular momentum via Differenced Doppler

• Optical navigation

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

SPIN MAINTENANCE ATTITUDE CONTROL

• Control Momentum Gyroscopes (CMG)

• Single-gimbal

• Thrusters

• Reaction/momentum wheels

Back

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS SUBSYSTEM• High-Gain (HGA), Medium-Gain (MGA) and Low-Gain (LGA) Antennas

• Cassegrain arrangement

• Transponder (transmitter/receiver with a coherent signal)

• Communications Relay

• UHF antenna and receiver for surface vehicle contact and relay

Back

FREYR SOLUTIONS, INC.

POWER SYSTEM SOLUTION

Regenerative Closed Brayton CycleDiagram Source: Megawatt Class Nuclear Space Power

Systems Report - NASA

System Mass: ~40 MT

Backup Solar Panels on each pair of modules

System Mass: ~2.5 MT/pair

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