geneva school

The Geneva SchoolName of the group ------ The Geneva SchoolCountry of origin ------- SwitzerlandLeader --------------------- Ferdinand de SaussureFollowers ------------------ Charles Bally and A. SechehayeSchool of thought -------- Modern Structuralism LinguisticsMain idea ----------------- Synchrony and Diachronic

Langue and ParoleSaussure’s Theory of Linguistic SignSaussure Theory of Associative ValueSyntagmatic and ParadigmaticSaussure’s Contribution

Influence ------------------ Number of circle having Structuralism Linguistics

Outline Ferdinand de Saussure Synchrony and Diachronic Langue and Parole Saussure’s Theory of Linguistic Sign Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic Saussure Theory of Associative Value & Influence of Saussure

Ferdinand de Saussure

Father of Modern Linguistics

Born26 November 1857Geneva, Switzerland

Died22 February 1913 (aged 55) Vaud, Switzerland

Era 19th-century philosophy

Region Western Philosophy

School Structuralism, semiotics

Main interests Linguistics

Notable ideas

Langue and parole, synchronic analysis, arbitrariness of the linguistic sign

Synchrony is the study of a language in a given time

Diachronic is the study of a language in through time/ development of any language

Synchronic and Diachronic

Synchronic linguistics deals with systems, Diachronic with units

Indo European

Germanic

W. Germanic

Low Germanic

Anglo-Saxon

Middle English

Modern English

Langue and Parole

Langue - the language system and Parole - the act of speaking.

Parole refers to the individual language acts.

Langue is the common possession of a speech community.

Saussure’s Theory of Linguistic Sign

SignifiedSignifierSign

Signifier - The signifier is the pointing finger, the word, the sound-image.

Signified - The signified is the concept, the meaning, the thing indicated by the

signifier

NumberSignifier

Signified

Syntagmatic is the chain relationship by structure

Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic

Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic

The cat sat on the mat.

Subject

Verb

Article NounObject

Preposition

Article

Noun

Paradaigmatic is the choiec relationship in word

Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic

The cat sat on the mat. dog

rabbitbird

Saussure Theory of Associative ValueInfluence of Saussure

As mentioned by waterman, “Saussure’s influence upon subsequent linguistic theory has understandably been of

major importance. Indeed in Western world at any rate, all hues of structuralism have come under his influence.

The Copenhagen SchoolThe Prague SchoolThe London School

The American School

Saussure’s fountain principle is his notion of double entity. Everything in language can be defined in double terms: •The duality of sound and meaning;•The duality of the langue and parole;•The duality of Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic;•The duality of Synchronic and Diachronic.

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