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GEOLOGICAL MAPPING, STRUCTURAL EVALUATION AND
STRATIGRAPHIC UNDERSTANDING OF WESTERN SALT
RANGE, HAZARA-MARGALLA RANGE AND TECTONIC
IMPLICATIONS OF MANSEHRA TO BESHAM AREA AND A
VISIT TO TARBELA DAM.
FIELD INCHARGEFIELD INCHARGEFIELD INCHARGEFIELD INCHARGE
SIR ABDUL SIR ABDUL SIR ABDUL SIR ABDUL HANNANHANNANHANNANHANNAN
Author: Author: Author: Author: WAQAS ARIFWAQAS ARIFWAQAS ARIFWAQAS ARIF ((((BGLFO9E021)
BS GEOBS GEOBS GEOBS GEO
DEPARTMEDEPARTMEDEPARTMEDEPARTME
UNIVERUNIVERUNIVERUNIVER
OLOGY 6OLOGY 6OLOGY 6OLOGY 6thththth SEMESTSEMESTSEMESTSEMEST
(Self Support)(Self Support)(Self Support)(Self Support)
ENT OF EARHT SCENT OF EARHT SCENT OF EARHT SCENT OF EARHT SC
RSITY OF SARGODRSITY OF SARGODRSITY OF SARGODRSITY OF SARGOD
TER TER TER TER
CIENCESCIENCESCIENCESCIENCES
DHADHADHADHA
DEDICATIONDEDICATIONDEDICATIONDEDICATION
This piece of work is dedicated to the Holy Prophet
HAZRAT MUHAMMAD (S.A.W.W)
The real source of encouragement for me and the
light of knowledge spread by Him beneficial
for whole the creation. And my parents
and my sisters and brother who are
real sources of inspiration for
me whose sacrifices made everything possible
for me still.
ACKNOWLEDGMEACKNOWLEDGMEACKNOWLEDGMEACKNOWLEDGMENTSNTSNTSNTS
I would like to thanks our Head of Department Dr.
Muhammad Khalid to his endless support for our field
trip and helps in arranging our field. To Sir Abdul
Hannan who gave us a great deal of ideas on field
and his precious time and knowledge that make me
able to write this report.
I wish to extend my grateful to my lovely classmates,
who always have been in my side giving their
comments and constructive criticism.
Last, but by no means least, i am most grateful to my
sister for giving me useful ideas about how to write an
academic report; i believe without her, this report
would never have been done.
CONTENTSCONTENTSCONTENTSCONTENTS � CHAPTER # 1
INTRODUCTION
o 7 DAY GEOLOGICAL FIELD WORK IN NAMMAL GORGE, RUMLI AREA,
HAZARAAREA AND NORTHERN METAMORPHIC ZONE
� AREA INTRODUCTION
o Nammal Gorge
o Rumli Area
o Salghra Section (Murree),Darya Gali & Kundla
o Hazara Area
o Tarbela Dam
� Physiography & Geomorphology
� CHAPTER # 2
STRATIGRAPHY
o General stratigraphy of Salt range and Hazara
� Day 1 7thJuly 2012
o NAMMAL GORGE
� Stratigraphy Observed in Nammal gorge:
� 2nd Day 8th July 2012
o RUMlLI (ISLAMABAD)
� Observed rock units in Rumli:
� Day 3 9th July 2012
o SALGHRA, DARYA GALI & KUNDLA SECTION
� Day 4th & 5th (10 & 11th July 2012)
o HAZARA AREA
o DHAMTOR TO CHANGLA GALI ROAD SECTION:
� Day 6th (12th July 2012)
o NOTHERN METAMORPHIC ZONE
� CHAPTER # 3
FOSSILS &SEDIMENTARY SRUCTURES
o Fossils
o Sedimentary Structure
� CHAPTER # 4
STRUCTURE OF THE FIELD AREAS
o Tectonic Framework of Pakistan
� MKT (MAIN KARAKORUM THRUST)
� MMT (MAIN MANTLE THRUST)
� MCT (MAIN CENTRAL THRUST)
� MBT (MAIN BOUNDARY THRUST)
� SRT (SALT RANGE THRUST)
� CHAPTER # 5
GEOLOGIAL MAPPING
o Geological map of Rumli(Islamabad)
o Geological map of Dhamtour to NathiaGali thrust
� CHAPTER # 6
ECONIMICAL IMPORTANCE OF THE AREA
o Introduction
o Halite
o Gypsum
o Rock Phosphate
o Limestone
o Potash
o Iron Ores
o Clay
o Fire Clay
o Coal
o Feldspar
� CHAPTER # 7
A VISIT OF TARBELA DAM
o INTRODUCTION
o GEOLOGY
� Right Bank Geology
� Left Bank Geology
� REFERENCES
LIST OF FIGURESLIST OF FIGURESLIST OF FIGURESLIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.0: Dor river along the Abbottabad to NathiaGali Road.
Figure 1.1 : Indus River at Besham along the Karakorum highway. Figure 2.0 Contact of Chiddru Formation with Wargal limestone in Nammal gorge Figure 2.1: Permo-triassic boundary in Nammal gorge b/w Chhidru & Mianwali Formation
Figure 2.2: Contact of Tredian Formation& Kingriali Formation in Nammal gorge
Figure 2.3: Contact of Datta, Samana Suk & Lockhart limestone in Nammal gorge
Figure 2.4: Contact of Lockhart Patala & Hangu Formation in Road section Near Nammal
gorge
Figure 2.4a: Murree Formation in Rumli
Figure 2.5: Contact of Kuldana Formation and Chorgali Formation in Rumli
Figure 2.6: Contact of Margala Hill Limestone and Chorgali Formation in Rumli
Figure 2.7: Outcrop of Lumshiwal Formation in Rumli
Figure 2.8: Patala Formation in Rumli
Figure 2.9: Chichali Formation in Rumli
Figure 2.10: Outcrop of Kuldana Formation in Rumli
Figure 2.11: Outcrop of Chorgali Formation in Rumli
Figure 2.12: Contact Murree & Kuldana Formation at Salghra section
Figure 2.13: Kuldana Formation at Darya gali
Figure 2.14: Lumshiwal Formation at Kundla section
Figure 2.15: Samana Suk Formation thrusted over Kawagarh Formation at Kundla
Figure 2.16: Outcrop of Samana Suk Formation at Thai Barrier
Figure 2.17: Samana Suk Formation thrusted over Kawagarh Formation at NathiaGali road
Figure 2.18: Contact of Hangu Formation with Kawagarh Formation at NathiaGali Road
Figure 2.19: Lumshiwal Formation expose in a nala along NathiaGali Road
Figure 2.20: Lumshiwal Formation (Sand Quartzite) Road section along Dor River
Figure 2.21: Chichali Formation outcrop on NathiaGali Road
Figure 2.22: Hazara Slate Outcrop near NathiaGali
Figure 2.23: Chorgali Formation Outcrop near NathiaGali
Figure 2.24: Margala Hill Limestone Outcrop near NathiaGali
Figure 2.25: Kawagarh Formation Outcrop at Kala Pani.
Figure 2.5.1: Contact of Hangu Lockhart and Patala Formation at NathiaGali Road
Figure 2.26: Mansehra Granite at Buttle
Figure 2.27: Feldspar rich Mansehra granite at AHAL
Figure 2.28: Foliated granite genesis outcrop at Battagram
Figure 2.29 : Outcrop of Granite gneiss representing the last part of Indian plate nearBesham
Figure 2.30: Serpentinized Granite gneiss representing the MMT at Besham
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