george h. w. bush
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George H. W.Bush
Foreign Policy:
Wait and See
1989: The Year of Miracles
Tiananmen Square Demonstrations
General Secretary Deng Xiaoping
Tank Man
Tiananmen Square Massacre
Tiananmen Square
Fall of the Berlin WallNovember 9, 1989
1989 Spirit of Revolution
Fall of 1989: Berlin Crowds Gathered
November 9, 1989
6:53 pm
East German officialcommented on travel
laws"Well, as far as I can see, ... straightaway,
immediately."
10:30 pm (November 9, 1989)Berlin Border Opened
Fall of the Berlin Wall
Fall of the Berlin Wall
Who helped to bring down the Berlin Wall?
US Response: “A Pause”
Why did Herby “pause?”
• Working without US support• Fear of counter revolution• Might not work –look bad• Personal relationship with
Gorbachev
Berlin Wall Today
Berlin Wall (Today)
George H. W. Bush Library
Berlin Wall (Las Vegas)
German ReunificationOctober 3, 1990
Chancellor Helmut Kohl
Thaw in the Cold War Continued
Mikhail Gorbachev
• Nobel Peace Prize (1990)
• Ronald Reagan Freedom Award (1992)• Times Person of the
Decade (1990)• Times Person of the Year (1987 and 1989)
Washington SummitMay 30 – June 3, 1990
• Main Accomplishment: cut arms to Iraq
Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE)November 19, 1990
• Major turning point in American-Soviet relations• Mandated the destruction of excess weaponry • Cut conventional forces in Europe to the same levels• US Win: Soviets had to cut more
START I(Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty)
July 31, 1991
Nuclear Missiles
–US 7,200–Soviets 6,000
• US Victory: US permitted to keep more missiles
Soviet CoupAugust 18, 1991
Attempted to overthrow Gorbachev and instill a more hard-lined Communistic
government
President Bush did not accept coup leaders
Coup lasted only 2 days and Gorbachev returned to power
Russian President Boris Yeltsin
• Yeltsin gives a speech defying the coup attempt, giving rise to his popularity
Soviet Union Map
Coup EndedAugust 18 - 21, 1991
Gorbachev emerges from hiding
Gorby Losing Power
• After the coup attempt, soviet satellites began attempting to free themselves of the Soviet Union
• All power swung to Yeltsin
• Banned the Communist Party from Russia
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
December 8, 1991
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
End of the Soviet UnionDecember 25, 1991
Gorbachev resigns as leader of the SU
START II(Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty)
Signed 1993, Ratified 2000
Nuclear Warheads
–US 3,500–Russia 2,997
• US Win: US permitted to keep more warheads
Causes for the Fall of the Soviet Union
• Poor condition of Soviet economy• Excessive military spending• Gorbachev’s reforms – too good• Fall of the Berlin Wall
Growing Drug Problems in the US
Not AmericansWhose Fault?
Panamanian President Manuel Noriega
• Drug Middleman• 1988 Florida charges• Problem
– US Ally• Helped fight communism• Trained Contras initially
then began to aid the Sandinistas
• Grew in power in Panama and controlled military
Operation Just Cause (Panama)December 20, 1989
Operation Just Cause
• 22,500 US troops (23 killed)• 27 targets involved• $1 billion in damages
Capturing Noriega
Hid in the Vatican Embassy
President Manuel Noriega
• Captured (1989)
• Trial and Jail (1992)– 40 years, later 30 years
• Released??? September 9, 2007
Somalia
• over 300,000 Somalis were killed in the famine and civil war
Operation Restore HopeDecember 9, 1992
• 28,150 peacekeepers -ended famine
Herby: A Foreign Policy Guru
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