george martin

Challenges for the HE Sector

George Martin

Professor of Low Impact and Sustainable Buildings

9th October 02012

Entrepreneurial University of the Year 2011

The Times Higher Education Awards

Planet Earth

Agenda

• It’s The Law

• The Challenge

• Mind the Gap

• Evidence / Measurement

• Tools

• Behavioural Change

• Drivers

• The Intelligent Client

• Conclusions

It’s The Law

Climate Change Act

• Targets:

� 34% cut by 2020;

� 80% by 2050

• Extensive enabling powers

• 5 year budgets; annual reports to Parliament

from the independent Committee on Climate

Change

Climate Change Act 26th November 2008

Climate Change Act

November 2008

Sectoral Plans.

Low carbon buildings

• By 2050, all buildings will need to

have an emissions footprint close to

zero

The Challenge

The Challenge

Domestic

Retail

Industrial

GovernmentEducation

Hotel

Health

WarehouseLeisure

Commercial

20201990 2050

Barriers to progress

• Plethora of policies, reports and initiatives

• Lack of collaborative integration of the

supply chain

• Need for general up skilling of all parts of

the supply chain

• Preoccupation with initial capital cost

instead of appraising projects on a whole life

basis

• Evidential gap between design and

performance in use

Mind The Gap

11The built environment experts

0

25

50

75

100

125

Ty pi c a l Good

pr a c t i c e

2 0 0 2

R e gul a t i ons

2 5 %

r e duc t i on

i nc l udi ng up

t o 10 % f or

r e ne wa bl e s

2 0 0 6 Ta r ge t

Emi ssi ons

R a t e ( TER )

P ER C ov e r a l l

e mi ssi ons

r e duc t i on

Bui l di ng

Emi ssi ons

R a t e ( B ER)

I n i t i a l

c onsumpt i on

( f i r st y e a r )

B e nc hma r k s B ui l d i ng R e gul a t i ons

kgC

O2/m

2 per

ann

um

Fabric and systems efficiency improvements

Regulatory requirements

Renewables contribution

Actual performance

Benchmarks

Credibility gaps between virtual performance and ac tual performance

CarbonBuzz - energy profiling from design to operation

Courtesy Aedas - Stockley Academy Built in 2005

Evidence / Measurement

CO2 Emissions

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

School A School B School C School D School E GoodPractice

Typical

kgC

O2/

m2

kg CO2 CO2 elec

kg CO2 CO2 gas

2002 Notional Building Regs

2006 TER Building Regs

Buro Happold study of 5 new ‘well designed’ academi es

Breakdown of Electrical Consumption by End Usage

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

School A School B School C School D School E

kWh/

m2/

annu

m

Server and specialistcomputingCatering elecricity

Office equipment

Lighting

Fans, pumps, controls

Cooling

Breakdown of Electrical Consumption by End Usage

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

School A School B School C School D School E

kWh/

m2/

annu

m

Server and specialistcomputingCatering elecricity

Office equipment

Lighting

Fans, pumps, controls

Cooling

Automatic Control versus Manual

Elizabeth Fry BuildingConstructed 1993/4 and occupied in

January 1995

DEC rating B (26 to 50) 44

Performance of Higher Education Buildings

23

The Elizabeth Fry building Energy

E.FRY CUMSUM OF INPUT ENERGYkwh/sq.metre/annum for prior 52 week period

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

5 12 19 26 33 40 47 2 9 16 23 30 37 44 51 6 13 20 27 34 41 48 3 10 17 24 31 38 45 52 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 4 11 18 25 0 7 14 1 8 15 22 29 36 43 50 5 12 19 26 33 40 47 2 9 16 23 30 37 44 51 6 13 20 27 34 41 48 1 8 15 22 29 36 43 50

week numbers (FEB 96 - JAN 07)

Kw

h/sq

.m/a

nnum

heating

electricity

24

The Elizabeth Fry building Energy

Tools

EPCs and DECs

Unregulated Energy Use includes: plugload, server r ooms, security, external lighting, lifts etc.Special Functions include: trading floors, server r ooms, cafeteria etc.

Extra occupancy& operating hours

Actual – Real energy use

Specialfunctions

Design forecast

Forecast Regulated COPart L

2 Unregulated CO 2

InefficienciesFrom BMS

Regulated Energy Use includes: fixed building servi ces, heating, hot water, cooling, ventilation, ligh ting

Energy use - the full picture

Reference: Aedas Architects 2010

Unregulated Energy Use includes: plugload, server r ooms, security, external lighting, lifts etc.Special Functions include: trading floors, server r ooms, cafeteria etc.

Extra occupancy& operating hours

Actual – Real energy use

Specialfunctions

Design forecast

Forecast Regulated COPart L

2 Unregulated CO 2

InefficienciesFrom BMS

Regulated Energy Use includes: fixed building servi ces, heating, hot water, cooling, ventilation, ligh ting

Energy use - the full picture

Reference: Aedas Architects 2010

Energy Performance Certificate

Display Energy Certificate

Drivers

Energy Act 2011

• Enacted 18th October 2011

• Three principle objectives:

– Tackling barriers to investment in energy efficiency

– Enhancing energy security

– Enabling investment in low carbon energy supplies.

• Designed to make a step change in the provision of energy

efficiency measures.

• The Act sets out for the first time how the Green Deal will work.

49 Non-domestic energy efficiency

regulations

(1) The Secretary of State must make

regulations for the purpose of securing

that a landlord of a non-domestic

Property-

(c) Which falls below such level of

energy efficiency (as demonstrated

by the energy performance

certificate) as is provided for by the

regulations

May not let the property until the landlord

has compiled with the obligation

mentioned in subsection (2)

(2) The obligation is to make to the property

such relevant energy efficiency

improvements as are provided for by the

regulations

49 Non-domestic energy efficiency

regulations

(1) The Secretary of State must make

regulations for the purpose of securing

that a landlord of a non-domestic

Property-

(c) Which falls below such level of

energy efficiency (as demonstrated

by the energy performance

certificate) as is provided for by the

regulations

May not let the property until the landlord

has compiled with the obligation

mentioned in subsection (2)

(2) The obligation is to make to the property

such relevant energy efficiency

improvements as are provided for by the

regulations

Chart 3 - Distribution of DEC bands across the

BBP London portfolio 2009

1

10

73

141474

A B C D E F G

Nu

mb

er o

f b

uil

din

gs

Better Buildings Partnership survey using 2009 ener gy data covering 123 London Offices.

Direction from Government

• The UK’s Low Carbon Transition

plan is the construction

industry’s business plan for the

next 40 years.

• We need to ensure that we

equip the current generation

with the skills required to

design, construct, operate and

maintain a low carbon built

environment

• We need to be aware of

unintended consequences

• We need new procurement

methods

Behavioural Change

It’s Everyone

• Clients / Owners

• Investors

• Planners

• Design Supply Chain

• Delivery Supply Chain

• Operation / Maintenance Supply chain

• Occupiers / Users

Occupiers - Student Game

Game available at:PC Version

http://sgiwiki.cueltd.co.uk/Customer/Application/CU@Green.exe

Mac Version:http://sgiwiki.cueltd.co.uk/Customer/Application/Green@CU_forMAC.zip

Student Game

The Intelligent Client

The Intelligent Client Recipe

• Procurement

– Whole Life Costing

“Without Whole Life Costing being embedded at the heart of all capital programmes, applied universally not episodically, Ministers should give up on their carbon targets, however worthy, and forget any notion of a sustainable government estate.”

(Jonathon Porritt, October 2004)

The Intelligent Client Recipe

• Procurement

– Whole Life Costing

– DEC

– Guaranteed Energy Performance

• Soft Landings

44The built environment experts

“A process for a graduated handover of a new or ref urbished

building, where a period of professional aftercare by the

project team is a client requirement – planned for a nd carried

out from project inception onwards – and lasting for up to

three years post-completion”

Soft Landings in a sentence

45The built environment experts

Energy analysis

The Intelligent Client Recipe

• Procurement

– Whole Life Costing

– DEC

– Guaranteed Energy Performance

• Soft Landings

• Knowledge Capture Hub

Conclusions

The Elephant in the Boardroom !

CARBON

“There is something that the Board needs to talk about”

"We cannot solve our problems

with the same thinking we used

when we created them."

Conclusions………………….

Albert Einstein

The Message

• Radical Change to the Procurement Process

– Whole Life Costing

– DEC

– Guaranteed Energy Performance

• Soft Landings

• Knowledge Capture Hub

Coventry University - Winner Carbon Reduction Catego ry 2011

Thank you

george.martin@coventry.ac.uk