gigi rolandi - cern the lhc machine and experiments gigi rolandi – cern ph
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30 June30 June 2005200530 June30 June 20052005Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN
The LHC Machine and The LHC Machine and ExperimentsExperiments
Gigi Rolandi – CERN Gigi Rolandi – CERN PHPH
30 June30 June 2005200530 June30 June 20052005Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN
The LHC machine First full LHC cell (~ 120 m long) : 6 dipoles + 4 quadrupoles; successful tests at nominal current (12 kA)
More than half of the 1232 dipoles are produced
8.4 Tesla
30 June30 June 2005200530 June30 June 20052005Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN
Lowering of the first dipoleinto the tunnel (March 2005)
The magnet production proceeds very well and is on schedule, also the quality of the magnets is very good
30 June30 June 2005200530 June30 June 20052005Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN
2828thth June: 49 dipoles installed June: 49 dipoles installed
30 June30 June 2005200530 June30 June 20052005Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN
On the critical path for the first collisions, is the installation of the LHC in the tunnel, in particular due to delays in the cryogenic services lines (QRL) which initially had problems, and for which a recovery plan was implemented successfully
Dipole installation in the tunnel
Cryogenics (QRL) in the tunnel
Interconnection of the dipoles
LHC construction and installation
30 June30 June 2005200530 June30 June 20052005Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN
LHC installation and hardware commissioning plan
30 June30 June 2005200530 June30 June 20052005Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN
QRL installation is now
proceeding smoothly.
The main remaining problem
is the fast ramp up of
production of service
modules to feed the
installation sites at the
speed required.
Machine installation has
started.
Hardware commissioning
finished by end June 2007.
Ready for beam.
Lyn Evans’ conclusions from thehis presentation at the last RRBon the LHC status (end April 2005)
30 June30 June 2005200530 June30 June 20052005Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN
Objectives for the Pilot RUN
Reach a Luminosity of 1032
Low Luminosity run at 25 ns separation
Difficult to speculate further on what the performancemight be in the first year. As always, CERN accelerators departments will do their best !
Lyn Evans
30 June30 June 2005200530 June30 June 20052005Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN
LHCb Spectrometer
VELO
RICH1
TT
Magnet
OT
RICH2 Calo. System
Muon System
30 June30 June 2005200530 June30 June 20052005Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN
RICH1 shielding-boxin front of magnet
magnet
EcalHcal
Fe muon filters
LHCb Experimental Area
30 June30 June 2005200530 June30 June 20052005Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN
Level-1 data (VELO, TT, L0-info) with a possibility to include Tracker, Muon, L0-Calo
HLT data (all data)
Network Switches
sub-farm
sub-farm
sub-farm
sub-farm
…
storagedevice
network
sub-farm
PT Level-0: 40 MHz1 MHz Level-1: 1 MHz40 KHz
40kHz @ 50kB/event1MHz @ ~5kB/event
2000 Hz
commercialcomponents
decision
LHCb Level-1/High Level Trigger and DAQ
30 June30 June 2005200530 June30 June 20052005Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN
30 June30 June 2005200530 June30 June 20052005Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN
Good achievement made for the construction of many subsystems
Construction of the muon chambers is proceeding with tight planning
Pilot Run commission run for calibration alignment
(J/Psi ….x-sections…)
LHCb Status
LHCb will be ready to fully exploit LHC since day one
30 June30 June 2005200530 June30 June 20052005Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN
HMPID
Muon Arm
TRD
PHOS
PMD
ITS
TOF
TPC
ALICEALICEALICEDetector
Size: 16 x 26 meters
Weight: 10,000 tons
30 June30 June 2005200530 June30 June 20052005Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN
The ALICE Magnet:
ready for the experiment to move in!
still largest magnet magnet volume: 12 m long, 12
m high 0.5 T solenoidal field
30 June30 June 2005200530 June30 June 20052005Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN
Largest ever TPC 88 m3
2/2/2005 LHCC Status Report J. SchukraftGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN 30 June30 June 20052005
‘initial working detector’ for initial pp and HI physics Pb-Pb initial L ~ few 1025 cm-2s-1 (1/20 of design) => large cross section processes
Some of the most interesting results of RICH came out in the first few days: Global event properties.
aim for ‘complete detector’ for collisions in 200850% of TRD , 3 out of 5 PHOS
Initial working detector well on track for collisions in summer 2007
ALICE INSTALLATION
Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN 30 June30 June 20052005
MUON BARREL
Silicon MicrostripsPixels
ECAL Scintillating PbWO4 crystals
Cathode Strip Chambers Resistive Plate Chambers
Drift Tube Chambers
Resistive Plate Chambers
SUPERCONDUCTINGCOIL
IRON YOKE
TRACKER
MUONENDCAPS
Total weight : 12,500 tOverall diameter : 15 mOverall length : 21.6 mMagnetic field : 4 Tesla
HCAL
Plastic scintillator/brasssandwich
CALORIMETERS
Compact Muon Solenoid
Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN 30 June30 June 20052005
Surface UndergroundConstruct barrel yoke & cable
Prepare solenoid vac tank
Construct endcap yoke & cable
Assemble hadron calorimeters
Install muon chambers in yoke
Assemble coil & insert in vac tank
Insert barrel HCAL inside coil
TEST MAGNET
Lower underground in big entities
Install shielding in UXC
Prepare infrastructure in UXC
Prepare infrastructure in USC
Complete ECAL barrel & cable
Install Tracker and cable
Install beam-pipeClose experiment and commission
FIRST PHYSICSInstall ECAL endcap & pixel
CMS Assembly Sequence
Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN 30 June30 June 20052005
Cold mass of CMS coil complete
Swiveling and
Insertion tests
With dummy coil
CMS Magnet Status
Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN 30 June30 June 20052005
15 heavy lifts of about 1 week duration each.
Heaviest piece (central wheel + solenoid) 2000 tonnes.
Heavy lowering will start in Mar 2006, after magnet test
CMS Heavy Lowering
Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN 30 June30 June 20052005
70% of DT chambers assembled, 15% installed
CMS Barrel Muon Spectrometer
Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN 30 June30 June 20052005
All 400 chambers produced !
60% CSCs installed, 50% commissioned with cosmic rays
CSC installation
CMS Endcap Muon Spectrometer
Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN 30 June30 June 20052005
CMS Tracker TIB Shells
Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN 30 June30 June 20052005
• Now : detectors being commissioned with cosmic rays also in large chunks, addressing system issues.
• Q1 06, cosmic challenge: slice test of CMS during the Magnet Test
• Test with cosmic rays will continue in the pit after installation and re-cabling• Pilot run: Assume that we get a reasonable amount of collision data which are completed by Beam Gas/Beam Halo Muon datasets
•LVL1/HLT/DAQ: Timing-in, data coherence, sub-system synchronization, calibration, debug algorithms, …•ECAL and HCAL calibration :Intercalibrate barrel crystals - “Phi Symmetry Method” ~2% and Cross check and complete source calibration for HCAL channels ~2%•Tracker and Muon alignment : Align the tracker strip detector significantly below the 100 m level, Align the muon chambers at the 100 m level
CMS Commissioning
30 June30 June 2005200530 June30 June 20052005Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN
• Civil Engineering is off the Critical Path• Magnet: Coil connected. Start swivelling preparations in June
2005. Q1-06 end magnet test and cosmic challenge & start heavy lowering April 06
• HCAL, Muons : construction on schedule and well advanced.
• TO WATCH:• ECAL: Crystals production, new contracts signed with two vendors. • TRACKER: Hybrid production and tracker integration at CERN.
*ECAL endcaps and pixels (even though ready) will be installed during winter 2007 shutdown in time for physics run in 2008.
CMS Status
Initial CMS* detector will be ready and closed for beam on 30 June 2007.
beta* = 1540 m, 43 bunches, low emittance
Plus large t elastic scattering at 18 m
3 x 1-day runs at 1540 plus 2 short runs at 18 m
Roman Pots at 10 , high beam stability, low BGs
Requires special machine conditions– similar to polarization at LEP.
The difficulty and challenge of TOTEM operation is coming from the requested
precision for both optics & beams.
Roman Pots at ~10 imply :collimators must be set to 6/7 . e* ~ 1 mm, ~ 4 times smaller than nominal : collimator gaps 1 mm
TOTEM
30 June30 June 2005200530 June30 June 20052005Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN
Diameter 25 mBarrel toroid length 26 mEnd-cap end-wall chamber span 46 mOverall weight 7000 Tons
ATLAS superimposed tothe 5 floors of building 40
ATLAS
30 June30 June 2005200530 June30 June 20052005Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN
5 out of 8 coils installed End of coil installation by july 05
ATLAS Installation
30 June30 June 2005200530 June30 June 20052005Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN
MDT Chamber Production (w/o EE)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Jan 00 Jan 01 Jan 02 Jan 03 Jan 04 Jan 05 Jan 06Time
No
. C
ham
ber
s
Bare MDTPlan Bare MDTMDT with FCPlan MDT with FCIntegrated MDTPlan Integrated MDTtested MDTs (R.F.I.)Ready for Installation MS
ATLAS MDT Chamber production
30 June30 June 2005200530 June30 June 20052005Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN
The barrel EM calorimeter is installed in the cryostat, and after insertion of the solenoid, the cold vessel was closed and welded
A successful complete cold test (with LAr) was made during summer 2004 in hall 180
End of October the cryostat was transported to the pit, and lowered into the cavern
LAr barrel EM calorimeter after insertion into thecryostat
Solenoid just before insertion into the cryostat
ATLAS LAr EM Barrel Calorimeter and Solenoid Commissioning
30 June30 June 2005200530 June30 June 20052005Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN
Towards the complete experiment: ATLAS
Full “vertical slice” of ATLAS tested on CERN H8 beam line May-November 2004
x
z
y
Geant4 simulation of test-beam set-up
For the first time, all ATLAS sub-detectors integrated and run together with common DAQ, “final” electronics, DCS, etc. Gained lot of global operation experience during ~ 6 month run. Common ATLAS software used to analyze the data
ATLAS combined test beam in 2004
30 June30 June 2005200530 June30 June 20052005Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN
Commissioning with physics data proceeds in four phases: Phase 3 : Cosmics running
initial physics alignment / calibration of the detector
debugging of sub-systems, mapping dead channels etc. Phase 4 : One beam in the machine
beam-halo muons and beam-gas events more detailed alignment / calibration etc.
Phase 5 : First pp collisions : prepare the trigger and the detector
tune trigger menus / measure efficienciesbegin to measure reconstruction efficiencies, fake
rates, energy scales, resolutions etc. Phase 6 : Commissioning of physics channels
Improve measurements begin to understand backgrounds to discovery
channels …
ATLAS Commissioning
30 June30 June 2005200530 June30 June 20052005Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN
One track reconstructed in Muon chambers
Two tracks reconstructed in Inner Detector
Will happen every ~ 10 s
ATLAS Commissioning – cosmic raysFirst Cosmic ray observed by ATLAS Hadron Tilecal
calorimeter in the pit on June 20th
30 June30 June 2005200530 June30 June 20052005Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN
Component construction is (almost) complete for several sub-systems, The completion of the Inner detector is proceeding with very tight planning.
emphasis has shifted to integration, installation and commissioning
Large-scale surface system tests, in particular the combined test beam runs, have been a very major activity in 2004
There is very good progress of the schedule-critical magnet assembly, and on the general installation status and activities in the cavern
The commissioning has started: organization, planning, activities
ATLAS Status
Atlas is on Track for collisions in summer 2007 and physics still in 2007
30 June30 June 2005200530 June30 June 20052005Gigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERNGigi Rolandi - CERN
Laboratory fully committed to the LHC project
Machine : past year achievements have been impressive giving robustness to the schedule Main objective remains to complete LHC installation towards
end of 2006 and to get first beams by summer 2007
Experiments : generally on track for ready for beam in middle 2007. Emphasis now on commissioning and preparation for pilot run.
CONCLUSIONS
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