grammar review

Grammar ReviewGrammar Review

English 7English 7

What are the eight parts of speech?What are the eight parts of speech?

NounsNouns PronounsPronouns AdjectivesAdjectives VerbsVerbs AdverbsAdverbs PrepositionsPrepositions ConjunctionsConjunctions InterjectionsInterjections

NounsNouns A person, place, thing, or ideaA person, place, thing, or idea A A singular nounsingular noun is just one; a is just one; a plural plural

nounnoun is more than one (usually ends is more than one (usually ends in “s”)in “s”)

A A common nouncommon noun is general, while a is general, while a proper nounproper noun is specific is specific

restaurant

Possessive Nouns Show Possessive Nouns Show OwnershipOwnership

Remember your Remember your PET PROJECT?PET PROJECT?

Singular nouns get an apostrophe Singular nouns get an apostrophe plus an “s” Ex. Jacob’s, anyone’s, plus an “s” Ex. Jacob’s, anyone’s, car’scar’s

Plural nouns ending in “s” get just an Plural nouns ending in “s” get just an apostrophe Ex. students’ grades, apostrophe Ex. students’ grades, dancers’ costumes, the Sterns’ housedancers’ costumes, the Sterns’ house

PronounsPronouns

““Stunt doubles” for nouns: Stunt doubles” for nouns: he, she, it, they, them, ours, he, she, it, they, them, ours, theirstheirs

AdjectivesAdjectives Describing words that modify nounsDescribing words that modify nouns

How would you describe how you are How would you describe how you are feeling about summer vacation?feeling about summer vacation?

eager excited thrilledeager excited thrilled

VerbsVerbs an action word or a linking wordan action word or a linking word

Linking VerbsLinking Verbs Present tense forms of the verb “to Present tense forms of the verb “to

be”be”AM-IS-ARE-WAS-WERE-BE-BEING-AM-IS-ARE-WAS-WERE-BE-BEING-

BEEN!BEEN!

AdverbsAdverbs Add information to verbs, adjectives, Add information to verbs, adjectives,

or other adverbs.or other adverbs. Answer the questionsAnswer the questionsWhen? Where? How? To what extent? When? Where? How? To what extent? Tend to end in –ly.Tend to end in –ly.

quicklyquickly expertly expertly confidentlyconfidently Most common adverbs: too, veryMost common adverbs: too, very

PrepositionsPrepositions The point of your The point of your DREAM HOUSEDREAM HOUSE

assignmentassignment

Anywhere a cat can go!Anywhere a cat can go! AroundAround the sofa the sofa On top ofOn top of the vase the vase UnderUnder the table the table In In the denthe den

ConjunctionsConjunctions Conjunctions combine ideas.Conjunctions combine ideas.

Think of the FANBOYS!Think of the FANBOYS!

I like cherry water iceI like cherry water ice, but, but I also like I also like pina colada. pina colada.

InterjectionsInterjections Expressions of intense emotion or Expressions of intense emotion or

surprisesurprise Hey! Get your hands off my cell Hey! Get your hands off my cell

phone!phone! Say-can you help me carry these Say-can you help me carry these

boxes?boxes? Yikes, that big spider scares me!Yikes, that big spider scares me!

Sentence Sentence TypesTypes Do you remember “The Case of the Do you remember “The Case of the

Missing Dentures?”Missing Dentures?” Four types of sentences:Four types of sentences:

-Declarative-Declarative-Imperative-Imperative-Interrogative-Interrogative-Exclamatory-Exclamatory

Commas and Quotation MarksCommas and Quotation Marks Do commas go Do commas go insideinside or or outsideoutside of of

quotation marks?quotation marks?

Inside!Inside!

Example: “Study for the testExample: “Study for the test,” ,” stated stated Mrs. Parke. Mrs. Parke.

CommasCommas Set off a direct address with a Set off a direct address with a

comma. comma.

Example: YesExample: Yes,, Marie Marie,, I would be glad I would be glad to help you plan a surprise party for to help you plan a surprise party for your sister. your sister.

Subjects and PredicatesSubjects and Predicates

A A complete subject complete subject includes the main includes the main subject subject (noun or pronoun) (noun or pronoun) and all the and all the words in that part of the sentence (usually words in that part of the sentence (usually up to the verb).up to the verb).

A complete predicate includes the A complete predicate includes the verb verb and all the words in that part of the and all the words in that part of the sentence (usually everything from the sentence (usually everything from the verb to the end of the sentence). verb to the end of the sentence).

Independent and Dependent Independent and Dependent ClausesClauses

A A clauseclause must have a must have a subjectsubject and and predicatepredicate..

An An independentindependent clause can stand alone. clause can stand alone. A A subordinate/dsubordinate/dependentependent clause cannot. clause cannot.

Because Samantha was late, we missed the Because Samantha was late, we missed the train to Boston.train to Boston.

Sentence VarietiesSentence Varieties

SIMPLESIMPLECOMPOUNDCOMPOUNDCOMPLEXCOMPLEXCOMPOUND-COMPLEXCOMPOUND-COMPLEX