grammarbook aaron

Se

me

stre

Un

oSe

me

stre

Do

s

Que vs. Cual

Ser

Estar

Gustar

Transition Words

Imperfects

Imperfects (cont)

Trigger Words

Acabar de +infinitivo

Formulas and Hacer expressions

Verbs like gustar

Reflexive verbs

DOP and Placement

Preterite

Preterite (-car,-gar,-zar)

Modal Verbs

Los Adverbios

Progressive Tense

Irregular Preterites

El Futuro

Cual?- Which?

Que?- What?

Cual is used for selection from a group

Que is used when asking for defintion

Descriptions- Que es?

Origin- De donde es?

Characteristics- Como es?

Time- Que hora es?

Occupation- Que hace?

Relationships- Quien es?

Possession- De quien es?

Events- Cuando/Donde es?

Dates- Que dia es hoy?

Health- Como estas?

Emotions- Como estas?

Location (en)- Donde estas?

Present Condition- Como estas?

Ing- Ques esta haciendo?

Subjects

› Me gusta

› Te gusta

› Le gusta

› Nos gusta

› Os gusta

› Les gusta

Emphasis

› A mi me gusta.

› A ti te gusta

› A usted/el/ella le

gusta

› A nosotros nos gusta

› A vosotros os gusta

› A ustedes/ellos/ellas

les gusta

Y

Tambien

Ni

O

Para

Pero

Asi

Luego

Nunca

Ahora

Primero

Despues

Ni

Por

Asi

Entonces

And

Also

Nor

Or

For

But

So

Later

Never

Soon

Now

First

After

Neither nor

Because of this

Causing this to appen

Then

Imperfect –ar Verbs

-aba -abamos

-abas -abais

-aba -aban

Se

-era -eramos

-eras -erais

-era -eran

Imperfect –er/ir

-ia -iamos

-ias -iais

-ia -ias

Ve

-veia -veiamos

-veias -veiais

-veia -veian

-iba -ibamos

-ibas -ibais

-iba -iban

Uses

› Past tense

› Repeated Action

› Continual Action

› Not a specific

moment

› Time/date/age/feeli

ngs/descriptions

› Interrupted activity

Todos los dias A menudo

A veces

Siempre

Cada dias Los Lunes

Generalmente

Mientras

De vez en cuando Muchas veces

Frecuentemente

To have just finished

-acabo de -acabamos de

-acabas de -

-acaba de -acaban de

Hace + time+ que+ conjugated verb› Used to talk about how much time you’ve been

doing something

Hay + que + infinitive› Used to talk about what needs to be or must be

done

Se prohibe + infinitive› Tells what is prohibited

Se permite + infinitive› Tells what is permitted

Ir + a + infinitive› Tells what someone is going to do

› Conjugate ir

Must have indirect object

“to whom?” or “for whom?”

Ex:

fascinar, faltar, encantar, importar, intere

star, molestar, doler

Reflects action upon self

Subject is “do-er” and reciever of action

End in –se

Subject and object are the same

Ex: ducharse, lavarse, ponerse, peinarse

Reflexive pronouns› Me nos

› Te os

› Se se

Affirmative› Conjugate verb to “tu” form, drop the “s”

› Add an accent mark to the 3rd to last syllable when syllabification changes

Negative› Conjugate verb to “yo” form, change the last letter to the

opposite vowel (ar->e, ir/er->a), add “s”

Irregulars› Di- decir

› Haz- Hacer

› Ve- ir

› Pon- poner

› Sal- salir

› Se- Ser

› Ten- tener

› Ven- Venir

Attaches to:

› Infinitive verbs (ex: voy a comerlo)

› Tu commands (ex:comelo!)

› Present progressive (gerunds) (ex: comiendolo)

› -me -nos

› -te -os

› -lo/la -los/las

Used for completed

actions in the past

-ar verbs

-e -amos

-aste -

-o -aron

-ir/er verbs

-I -imos

-iste -

-io -ieron

Tocar Jugar Comenzar

Toque Jugue Comence

Tocaste Jugaste Comenzaste

Toco Jugo Comenzo

Tocamos Jugamos Comenzamos

Tocaron Jugaron Comenzaron

*conjugate and pair the modal verb with

an infinitive to get a new meaning

ir + a + infinitive (going to do something)

Poder + infinitive (are able to do something)

Querer + infinitive (want to do something)

Deber + infinitive (should do something)

Tener que + infinitive (to have to do

something)

Soler + infinitive (to be accustomed to…)

When two adverbs modify the same

verb, only the second one uses –mente

ending adverb is the same as the

feminine singular form of the adjective

Example-

› Juan trabaja lenta y cuidadosamente.

› Juan works slowly and carefully

Irregular Adverbs

The present progressive is formed by combining the verb “to be” with the present participle. ( The present pariciple is merely the “-ing” form of a verb.) To form the present progressive, conjugate estar.

Estar + -ando/-iendo/ -yendo

Example› Estoy hablando a ti.

I am talking to you.

› Estaba hablando a ti.

I was talking to you.

Infinitive + ending

› Endings are the same for –ar, -er, and =-r