grammarbook 111016172644-phpapp01
DESCRIPTION
final grammar book for sp3TRANSCRIPT
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Shakira Rushing
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Table of contents
Present tense –ar,-er/-ir
Stem changers Irregular “yo” Saber vs. Conocer Reflexives “Se” impersonal Dipthongs with accents Verbs like –ger/-gir, -
vir/-guir, -cer/-cir Hace +(time
expression)+ que + _______
Imperfecto Preterite
Preterite trigger words Irregular
Car, gar, zar Spock Cucaracha Snake/snakey
Comparatives Superlatives Future tense
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Present tense –ar,-er/-ir
-ar (caminar) -er (comer) -ir (escribir)
Yo Camino Como Escribo
Tú Caminas Comes Escribes
Ello/Ella Camina Come Escribe
Nosotros Caminamos Comemos Escribimos
Ellos/Ellas Caminan Comen Escriben
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Ser Vs. Estar
Ser/ Permanent Description Origins Characteristics Time Occupation Relationships Possession Events Dates
Estar/ Temporary Health Emotion Location Present Condition -Ar goes to –ando -er/-ir goes to –
endo/-yendo
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Irregular “yo”
Oir-oigo Salir-salgo Tener-tengo Hacer-hago Poner-pongo
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Stem Changers
o-ue
almorzar
e-i
consegiur
e-ie
empezar
Yo Almuerzo Consigo Empiezo
Tú almuerzas Consigas Empiezas
Èl/ella Almuerza Consiga empieza
Nostros almorzamos Conseguimos Empezamos
Ellos/ellas almuerzan Consigan empiezan
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Saber vs. Conocer
Saber Meaning to know a
fact or how to do something.
Conocer To know someone
or be familiar with someone.
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Reflexives
Me Me peino el pelo. Te Te peinas el pelo. Se Ella se peina el pelo. Nos Nos peinamos el pelo. Se Ellos se peinan el pelo.
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“se” impersonal
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Dipthongs with accents
Strong Vowels Always make their
own syllable o, a, e Examples
Hablar España Correro
Weak Vowels Are only their own
syllable if they are surrounded by strong vowels
i/y, u Examples
Fútbol Cine
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Verbs like –ger/-gir, -cer/-cir-ger/-gir Escoger
escojo
Protoger protejo
-cer/-cir Conducir
conduzco
Producir produzco
Traducir traduzco
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Time Expression Formula
Hace +(time expression)+ que + verb in present tense
Hago tres horas que estudia
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Imperfect Tense
What used to happen or is happening at the time of narration Los pajaros cantaban
Describe people in the past tense Mi mama tenia una cara bonita y era muy amable
Describe a state of mind, an opinion, or a feeling in the past Yo pensaba que él era muy tonto
Express a time of day in the past Eran las ocho de la noche
Describing an action that was happening when interrupted by another action Comíamos cuando el nos llamó
To set the stage, describe a situation or setting El sol brillaba nacia un tiempo muyagradable y todos
estaban muy contentos.
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Imperfect ending chart
ir ser ver
iba era veía
ibas eras veías
iba era veía
ibamos eramos veíamos
iban eran veían
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Preterite
Past tense Known beginning and ending Snapshot of time
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Trigger words(preterite) Ayer Anoche Anteayer La semana pasado
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Irregulares
Car, gar, zar Car-que Gar-gue Zar-ce
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Spock verbs
Hacer Hice Hiciste Hizo Hicimos hicerion
Dar/Ver d/v I Iste Io Imos ieron
Ir/Ser Fui Fuiste Fue Fuimos fueron
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Cucaracha
andar anduve
estar estuve
poder pude
poner puse
querer quise
saber supe
tener tuve
venir vine
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Snake/snakey
Dormir Dormí Dormiste Duermo Dormimos dormieron
Leer Leí Leiste Leyo Leimos leyeron
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Comparatives
Mejor que Peor que Mayor que Menor que
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Superlatives
El/la mejor El/la peor El/la mayor El/la menor
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Future tense
-é-ás-á-Emos-án-ir + a + infinitive
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Irregular future stems
Decir- Dir Haber-Habr Hacer- Har Poder- Podr Poner- Pondr Querer-Querr Saber- Sabr Salir- Saldr
Tener- Tendr Valer- Valdr Venir- Vendr