green building sustainable community

Green Building and Sustainable Community

C.S. KIANG, SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATION

PROMOTING THE DEVELOPMENT, DEMONSTRATION AND DEPLOYEMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES TO MEET CHALLENGES IN THE ENERGY SECTOR.

人口增长

1950-2006 人口增长总数 > 近400年人口增长总数

经济增长 2000年GDP > 19世纪GDP总和

经济与环境的关系！

知识为主的经济开发

• 创新 • 透明度 • 保护知识产权 • 遵纪守法 • 系统整合

I. Introduction

One of the possible solutions to resolve the triple crisis: global economic challenge, climate change and social in-equity, is the sustainable development of “Green Building and Sustainable Community” at the city and local level.

II. Green Building

Coupling prefabricated building materials via industrial process and 3-D computer-aided design (CAD)* software and Building Information Modeling (BIM)** are economically sustainable and competative approach for the green building development.

*WASA Studio, a US Integrated Architecture/Engineering Firm can serve as a case study

** BIM is a process improvement methodology that utilizing data to analyze and predict outcomes in different phases of building life cycle.

III. Sustainable Community

Integration of conventional energy and renewable energy an optimum efficient and economically sustainable community with nearly zero-carbon emission can be accomplished in the Gulf regional community Development.

Existing solar heating, cooling, waste for fuel, wind turbine technologies are available for the Gulf regional community development.

III a. Solar Heating and Cooling

Solar cooling and heating for buildings are promising alternative energy approaches. However, the lack of reliable tools to evaluate the technical, economic and the environmental benefits of these technologies presents the critical barriers to their widespread deployment.

Here, we select two case studies in the field (1) Perdue Solar Energy Lab which provides the life cycle cost, energy payback and carbon footprint of solar thermal systems assessment and (2) FSL Energy which provides economically successful projects in solar cooling and heating for buildings.

FLS Energy

FLS Energy

3/22/2013 12

Dr. Ming Qu at Purd

ue Univ

ersity

Cooling Capacity 23kW

Rated COP 1.2

CHW. O/I temp. 7/14 ° C

HTF. O/I temp. 155/165 ° C

CHW. flow rate 2.9m3/h

Max. fuel usage 2.2m3/h

3/22/2013

Dr. Ming Qu at Purd

ue Univ

ersity

13

Aperture area 100m2

Concentration ratio 1.15

Optical efficiency 71.3%

Mirror reflectivity 92%@100 ° C

6 arrays×5 modules×10 tubes

III b. Waste to Energy

US EPA Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States: Facts and Figures for 2010 (reports generated every two years)

Thermo-Chemical

Oxidation

Gasification

Pyrolyisis

Biochemical

Anaerobic Digestion

Enzyme/Acid Hydrolysis

Integrated

Fermentation of Syngas

Simplified WTE Classifications

System Integration for Sustainable Community Development

System approach for new urbanism

Integral “Energy” System

Integral “Water” System

Integral “Land Use & Mobility” System

Integral “Food” System (LED & Urban Agriculture)

Integral “Information” System

Land Use & Mobility

Energy System

Water System

Information System

IV. Energy Park

System Integration of Conventional and Renewable Energy

Solar Energy

Wind Energy

Bio-Energy

Waste for Fuel

Energy Efficiency

3

4

Broad Home Industry

See Broad Home Industry File

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Green Construction -

1. 建立生态智慧城市开发基金

2. 建立生态智慧城市数据管理中心

3. 建立城市区域规划决策中心

4. 建立中小企业孵化中心

5. 建立综合能源服务园区

6. 建立自然资源交易中心

7. 建立区域性和全球性物流中心

8. 建设宜居和谐示范社区

9. 建设世界环境大学

10. 建设生态旅游中心 31

十条建议

Reducing Energy, Carbon and Costs

December 2012 Dan Watch, AIA, NCARB, LEED AP

Vikram Sami, LEED AP

Planning Lab Retrofits for 2030 Carbon

Architecture 2030

By the year 2035, approximately three-quarters (75%) of the built environment will be either new or renovated. This transformation over the next 25 years represents a historic opportunity for the architecture and building community to avoid dangerous climate change.

Payback

Cost Savings

• Orientation • Chilled Beams • Thermostat Setpoints • Zoning • Benchmarking • Design Charrettes

Short Payback

• Airflow Sampling • Condensate collection • Ductless Hoods • Energy Recovery • Desiccant cooling (not for

containment) • Lighting controls • Commissioning • Displacement ventilation (non-

wet lab)

Cost Neutral

• Sunshading & Daylighting • High performance skin • VAV • Energy Recovery • Water management • Low VOC finishes • Flexible Lab Design

Long Payback

• Photovoltaics • Wind turbines • Solar Hot Water • Ground Coupled HVAC • Fuel Cells • CHP

THE TEN STEP PLAN :: AN OVERVIEW 1. Improve Work Habits 2. Purchase Efficient Laboratory Equipment 3. Understand Building Performance 4. Re-Think the Science of Research 5. Reduce Air Change Rates 6. Energy Recovery 7. Improve Building Envelope 8. Upgrade Mechanical/Electrical Equipment 9. Generate Energy On-Site 10. Address Other Key Issues:

• Water Management • Materials Health • Active Design • Finalize Zero Carbon Strategic Plan

Over 10 Projects

Over 15 Projects

Over 20 projects

Over 20 Projects

20 Projects

Improving Work Habits Adjust the Thermostat

• Lower the thermostat 10-15 degrees for 8 hours or more at a time.

• In many cases, each degree increase in the heating set point increases energy

use by 3%.

• Chinese Codes 64-76 degrees

• www.energysavers.gov http://green.harvard.edu/labs/workspace

WARMER in the

SUMMER

> 75 F 72 F < 68 F

COOLER in the WINTER

Improving Work Habits Lab Use Habits

COMPUTERS:

• Enable Desktop Power Management

(putting computers to “sleep” can save

over 75% in energy costs)

• Utilize a Print Management System

(typically results in 20-30% reduction in

printer usage)

Improving Work Habits Lab Use Habits

FUME HOODS:

• SASH DOWN when not in use.

• Disable or Remove unused Fume Hoods

• Standard 6’ constant volume hood uses over 35,000

kWh/year in chiller and fan energy.

Combination Sashes

• Air volumes reduced by up to 40% over traditional sashes.

• Large energy savings.

• Familiarity a hurdle sometimes.

Improving Work Habits Lab Use Habits

BIOSAFETY CABINETS:

Exhausted $2100

Recirculating $240

Improving Work Habits Just in Time Inventories

1. Sort and Recycle: Take inventory to determine if everything is still necessary.

2. Label and Store: Label all supplies and store them in a consistent location.

3. Standardize: The bench size with mobile casework.

From this…. To this…..

Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment

Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment LED Lighting

Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment Freezer Specimen Storage

LOW TEMP FREEZERS:

• Inventory and Discard- Grad Students

• Defrost and check seals frequently

• Pack samples efficiently

• Share freezers between labs

• Larger units typically more efficient

Elimination of one -80 freezer = $1,000+

savings in energy cost per year (does

not account for additional heating load,

maintenance and space used)

Room Temperature Storage

http://medfacilities.stanford.edu/sustainability/dow

nloads/RoomTempStoragePilotResults.pdf

Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment Efficient Mechanical Duct + Plumbing Pipe Design

Traditional 90 degree pipe connections

create unnecessary friction and increased

energy consumption. Instead, use:

• Bigger Pipes, Smaller Pumps

• Gentle Bends, No 90% Bends

• Shorter Pipes (design pipe layout first,

then add equipment they connect)

Use of these strategies have led to a 75%

decrease in pumping energy with a 1-2

month payback period.

Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment Plug Load Analysis

Equipment testing and user interviews

Auburn University – CASIC Lab

Aggressive gathering of equipment data

• 20 (12%) Ton reduction in designed chiller size.

• Reduction in number of chilled beams. • Right sizing reduces reheat.

Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment

Energy Efficient Information from Labs 21/Wiki

Autoclave Link http://labs21.lbl.gov/wiki/equipment/index.php/Category:Autoclaves

Bio-Safety Cab Link

http://labs21.lbl.gov/wiki/equipment/index.php/Category:Biosafety_Cabinets

Centrifuges http://labs21.lbl.gov/wiki/equipment/index.php/Category:Centrifuges

Cool Rooms http://labs21.lbl.gov/wiki/equipment/index.php/Category:Cool_Room

Incubators http://labs21.lbl.gov/wiki/equipment/index.php/Category:Incubators

• $1/sf with a payback that can be less than 1 year.

• “Tuned” systems can also improve occupant comfort.

• Protect assets by ensuring proper function and optimal performance.

• Can be performed on entire existing portfolio and new construction.

• Energy savings can exceed 15-20%, particularly for energy intensive

laboratories.

Understand Building Performance Commission Major Systems

• Cost $25 - $40 per data point

• Additional $4,000 - $5,000 for web

hosted dashboard (for entire

building).

• Wireless current transmitters can

be easily outfitted onto existing

circuits to submeter labs.

• Metering helps with retro-

commissioning and budgeting.

Understand Building Performance Metering and Evaluation

WIRELESS CONTROLS

• Wireless telemetry allows for more individual

controls.

• Personal feedback allows for occupant

behavioral transformation resulting in better

operations.

• Integrates well with smart grid technologies.

Understand Building Performance Metering and Evaluation

Texas Children’s Neurological Research Institute

• Payback is approximately 1 year • 4 Air Changes in labs – 2 ACH at night • Metered data for 18 months • Savings of over $100k annually • 13,600 cfm reduction in airflow

“The AirCuity systems work very well. We chose AirCuity for the sensing accuracy and ease of operation.”

~ William ‘Skip’ Milton Assistant Director Facilities Operation

Texas Children’s Hospital

Reduce Air Change Rates:: Demand Control

Reduce Air Change Rates Chilled Beams

Water carries much more

energy than air

Smaller ductwork

15 air changes reduced to

6 air changes

50+% smaller air handlers

50+% smaller exhaust

fans

Smaller chillers

Chillers run more on free

cooling

Smaller boilers

Over 15 projects

successfully implemented

Chilled Beam Old Technology

Water Pipe

Air Duct – 6 Air

Changes

Air-Water

1m

Air Duct - 15 Air Changes

+0.5m/Floor

All Air

1.5m

Reduce Air Change Rates Chilled Beams

Chiller Plant & Piping -$287,550

Sheet metal -$541,680

AHU Capacity -$717,230

Exhaust Fan Capacity -$346,200

VAV Boxes -$203,400

Temperature Controls +$13,950

Tracking Controls -$526,900

Sec Cooling Systems +$761,860

V-Wedges & Chilled Beams +$762,750

Total First Cost Savings for Mechanical Systems + -$1,084,400

Reductions in Floor Height by 12’ (4 Floors) -$400,000

-$1,484,400

2.5% Savings in Construction

Case Study: Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation

Generate Energy On-site Solar Hot Water

• Integrating solar hot water, supplemental to or instead of traditional

heating, could significantly reduce the need to reheat.

• We have used this on 6 projects – including one lab and two hospitals.

• Pictured below – the evacuated tube collector at the Center for Interactive

Research On Sustainability at UBC.

Generate Energy On-site Solar Photovoltaics (PVs)

NY State Energy & Research Development Agency, TEC-SMART. Photovoltaic panel

arrays + two wind turbines produce power, while a ground source heat pump provides

heating. The net result is an approximately 40% reduction in energy consumption.

We have used photovoltaic energy on over 15 projects to date

Generate Energy On-site Solar Photovoltaics (PVs)

• http://climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/PV-Industry-Germany-and-China.pdf

• http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2011/07/06/261550/solar-pv-system-cost-reductions/?mobile=nc

• http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505123_162-43240662/how-first-solars-tellurium-deal-shows-the-

fragile-economics-of-solar-panels/

• http://www.fitariffs.co.uk/eligible/levels/

Generate Energy On-site Wind Turbines

Wind turbines atop Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation’s Research

Tower generate up to 10% of the building’s energy.

We have used On-Site Wind on 5 projects to date.

Store Energy On-site Geothermal Heat Storage

• Use earth as a heat source (winter) and heat sink (summer)

• Central heating / cooling system that pumps heat to or from the ground.

• Boosts efficiency and reduces operational cost of heating and cooling

• We have used this on over 15 projects to date.

Great River Energy Headquarters uses a wind

turbine and a geothermal heat pump.

Living with Lakes Centre at Laurentian

University

Buck Institute’s Regenerative Medicine Research Building uses a ground

source heat pump.

Store Energy On-site Geothermal Heat Storage

Recover Energy On-site Heat Recovery Wheel

Recover Energy On-site Enthalpy Wheels

• An enthalpy wheel

exchanges energy –

temperature and moisture.

• A sensible wheel,

exchanges only

temperature.

• Enthalpy wheels are much

more efficient.

• Over 20 projects with

Energy Recovery.

The enthalpy wheel at Ohlone College’s Newark Center for Science and

Technology is on display so that students can observe and learn from the

technology.

Recover Energy On-site Enthalpy Wheels

Other Key Issues Water Management

Other Key Issues Water Management

Laurentian University’s Vale

Living with Lake Centre utilizes

an on-site rainwater treatment

system.

Other Key Issues Materials Health

Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard

Understand existing building energy usage and cost over time.

Examine retrofit opportunities and weigh cost v/s payback opportunities.

Pick retrofits that make financial sense and do not jeopardize operations of the facility.

Weigh monetary and carbon goals.

Finalize retrofit plan.

Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard

Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard

Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard

Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard

Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard

NIH – Energy Usage

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Chilled Water

Steam

Electricity

kBT

U/f

t2-y

r

Building #40 Vaccine Research

141,398 ft2

Chilled Water Dominated

Electricity only 8%

E

东

W

西

East &West in

Unity

东西合一

天人合一 知行合一 东西合一

硬件和软件的合一

打造亚太区甚至世界的生态智慧示范城市典范

中国特色

世界影响

Contact Us:

Dan Watch – Southeast Region

404.443.7694

Dan.Watch@perkinswill.com

Ed Cordes – Central Region

713.366.4011

Ed.Cordes@perkinswill.com

Kay Kornovich – West Coast Region

206.381.6037

Kay.Kornovich@perkinswill.com

Bill Harris – Northeast Region

617.406.3521

William.Harris@perkinswill.com

Vikram Sami – Sustainable Design Expert

404.443.7462

Vikram.Sami@perkinswill.com