growth and dev elopement by abhishek jaguessar
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IAP VISION 2007
ADOLESC
ENTFRIE
NDLY
SCHOOL
INITIATIVE
IAP VISION 2007
OL
ESCENT
FR I
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SCHO
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INITIATIVE
ISSUES IN GROWTH ANDDEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENCE
(Wonder years of Life)
BY ABHISHEK JAGUESSAR
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IAP VISION 2007
ADOLESC
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What do you understand by
ADOLESCENCE ?
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IAP VISION 2007
ADOLESC
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Adolescence is that period ofAdolescence is that period oflife of an individual whenlife of an individual when ..
What is ADOLESCENCE?
Society no longer views you asSociety no longer views you asa child but does not recognizea child but does not recognize
you as an adultyou as an adult
10 19 Years
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IAP VISION 2007
ADOLESC
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TIATIVE What do you understand by
TEENAGE ?
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IAP VISION 2007
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Teen Age is .
ThirTEEN to NineTEEN Years of AgeThirTEEN to NineTEEN Years of Age
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IAP VISION 2007
ADOLESC
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TIATIVE What do you understand by
PUBERTY ?
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IAP VISION 2007
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AAbiological process which transforms a childbiological process which transforms a child
into an adult.into an adult.
Period of sexual maturationPeriod of sexual maturation
Period of Rapid Growth and DevelopmentPeriod of Rapid Growth and Development
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IAP VISION 2007
ADOLESC
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TIATIVE Begins at
10 (range 8-13) in Girls12 (range 10-15) in Boys
Duration3-3.5 (2-6) Yrs.
What is the Normal Age Of PubertyWhat is the Normal Age Of Puberty
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IAP VISION 2007
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Puberty has Variations !!!
Friends of same age can be at a differentpuberty level
Those who get early changes are called asearly bloomers- these children will appearbigger and older than their class mates.
Those who get late changes are called as
late bloomers these children will appearsmaller and younger than their class mates
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IAP VISION 2007
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Major variations in changes are in..
all the body changes of puberty may be
completed in some of you in two years butsome may take as long as five years
BUT ALL OF YOU WILL BE CONSIDEREDNORMAL
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IAP VISION 2007
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Your final adult height
The rate of the changes in your puberty
and the height of your parents will
determine your final adult height
This is genetically determined ,but can be
improved to some extent by healthy dietand exercise
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IAP VISION 2007
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Human beings are not like robots .that means notwo individuals can be exactly alike!!
Different growth parameters cause difference inheight, weight, muscle mass, size of the body partslike breast ,genitalia etc
These variations make human beings moreinteresting as they all look different
Hence whatever your body size and proportion are ,YOU should be happy and confident about yourBODY IMAGE
Variations make you UNIQUE
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IAP VISION 2007
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MATURATION of your GONADS
Development of secondary sexual characters
Growth spurt
Change in body composition & proportionsMaturity of your bones/skeletal system
What are thePubertal Achievements ?
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The Major Physical Changes of Puberty
Major increase in genital system (primary and
secondary sex characteristics)
Gaining of 25% of final height (18-30 cm);
Doubling of body mass (gaining 50% of the ideal
body weight; 20-30 Kg)
Maturation of facial bones [Ramus of mandible -
25% grow during 12-20 Yrs.] Eyes - Increase in axial diameter Myopia
In Girls-Pelvic growth, greater fat mass
In Boys-Shoulder growth, more lean body mass
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IAP VISION 2007
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The Physical Changes of Puberty
Primary and secondary sex
characteristics
Increase of 18-30 cm in height
which is about 25% of adult height;
Increase of 20-30 Kg ..Doubling
of body mass ie gaining 50% of
the ideal adult body weight
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The Physical Changes of Puberty
Maturation of facial bones Eyes elongation
of eye balls with increased height .Hence
very often you need spectacles or your
number increases during puberty
In Girls-there is Pelvic growth, greater fat
mass hence they develop body curves
In Boys-Shoulder growth, more lean body
mass hence they look more muscular
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IAP VISION 2007
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Sequence of pubertal events in girls
Breast development ieThelarche-
Genital hair ie Pubarche-
Axillary hair Height velocity peaks Menstruation begins ie
Menarche
Final development to adultstatus of pubic hair,breasts, height etc
Growth Spurt occurs-Extremities grow first
Long bone growth
stops Skin becomes oily
All permanent teeth
erupt Increased
perspiration
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Sequence of pubertal events in boys
Testes increase in size Genital hair ie pubarche- Axillary hair
facial and body hair growth Penis increases in size Height velocity peaks Larynx enlarges, voice
deepens Ejaculation occurs at nightie Nocturnal emissions(wet dreams )
Growth spurt occurs
Skin becomes oily
All permanent teeth
erupt
Increased
Perspiration
Shoulders widen Muscle mass
increases
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IAP VISION 2007
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Early indicators of puberty
Increase in foot size (Shoe size changes)
Trouser size looking short now
Clothes size needs bigger clothes
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IAP VISION 2007
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When should you worry about the
changes ? When Pubertal physical changes are-Early
Breast development before 8 years of age
Menarche before 10 years of age Enlarging testicles before 9 years of age
When NO signs of puberty are there -
Delayed 13 years in girls
14 years in boysIf any of these is present, then consult your
Pediatrician
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IAP VISION 2007
ADOLESC
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SCHOOL
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How do you know that your weight is
NORMAL?
You must Know your BMI ie Body Mass Index
BMI = Weight (Kg) / Height 2(Meter) If BMI is less that means you are
undernourished
If BMI is more that means you are over weightor obese
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IAP VISION 2007
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How to interpret your BMI ?
Your BMI should be routinely monitored
5th
percentile means lower limit of normal95th percentile means upper limit of normal
50th percentile means average
Insert table of BMI age and gender
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IAP VISION 2007
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Common adolescent Concerns of
Body image
Is my Breast size normal (small or large)
Is my Genital size normal (small or large)
My Body hair(less or more)
My Complexion (Fair or Dark)
My Skin ( Pimples, dark spots )
If in doubtconsult yourdoctor
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IAP VISION 2007
ADOLESC
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SCHOOL
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Common Adolescent Concerns of
Body image
Anxious about appearance
How do I look?
Am I normal?
Can I become more beautiful/handsome /macho/Smart?
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IAP VISION 2007
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Develop inner qualities
Personality
Is more important than external
looks, hence develop your inner
qualities which are ever lasting
IAP VISION 2007
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Are Food supplements needed for body building
Weight reduction methods
Height increase measures
Cosmetic surgery
Common adolescent Concerns
If in doubt consult your doctor
IAP VISION 2007
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Psychosocial Development
Dependence to independence analytical & logical thinking; decision
making emotional independence
conflicts with parents; by late
adolescence parental values areunderstood and appreciated
IAP VISION 2007
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Self esteem Measure of regard of oneself; ones
personal worth and place in society; linkedwith self respect
Identify good qualities and develop them
Psychosocial Development
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Desires and temptations
Desire to experiment
Refrain from experimenting harmful
activities
Going too far is risky
Often fail to distinguish infatuation
and love
Adolescence is for making Career in
Life (and you will get a lot of time for
making Love-life.)
Psychosocial Development
IAP VISION 2007
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Peer group involvement More dependence on friends
Early adolescence -same sex;middle adolescence -increasedinvolvement with opposite sex
Peer values, behavior, activities;
peer pressures Act according to your conscience and
moral values
Select friends carefully
Psychosocial Development
IAP VISION 2007
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Pubertal Changes Normal
Age Range of Appearance (Years)
Thelarche 8.9 - 12.9
Pubarche 9.0 - 13.9
Menarche 9.3 - 17.0
Testicular enlargement 10.0 - 14.8
Peak height velocity M 12.16 - 16.46
Peak height velocity F 10.2 - 14.6
Adult breast state 11.0 - 19.0
Adult genitalia 11.0 - 18.0
IAP VISION 2007
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Is my height NORMAL?
Know your height potential
Mid Parental Height
(Mothers Height + Fathers Height)/2
Add 6.5 cm in Boys
Minus 6.5 cm in Girls
This gives Target Height as an Adult + 7.5 cm for Boys
+ 6 cm for Girls
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Is my height NORMAL?
Track your Height Measure height now and after 6 months
Before puberty begins, it should be 2-3 cm
in 6 months After puberty begins it varies but certainly
more than 3 cm in 6 months during early
phases of puberty Please, note very little height gain occurs
after menarche (Completion of Puberty)
If any doubt is there, then consult your
IAP VISION 2007
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