gsm evolution
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123 G MOBILE COMMUNICATION
12.1 INTRODUCTION Wireless Generations
What is IMT-2000
What IMT-2000 offers
e! feat"res an# o$%ectives
Sectr"' for IMT-2000
Technoloies for IMT-2000
Miration aths
"t"re Tren#s
1*+,- 1*,0s 1*0s 1**0s 2000s
Aeare# 1G 2G .G
Analo /iital /iital
M"lti M"lti nifie#
Stan#ar# Stan#ar# Stan#ar#
Terrestrial Terrestrial Terr & Sat
12.2WIRELESS GENERATIONS1 G -analo (cell"lar revol"tion) onl! 'o$ile voice services
2 G - #iital ($reain #iital $arrier) -'ostl! for voice services & #ata #eliver! ossi$le. G - Voice & #ata ($reain #ata $arrier) Mainl! for #ata services 3here voice services 3ill
also $e ossi$le
4e!on# .G Wi#e $an# O/M 54"t s"rel! hiher #ata rates
12.3LIMITATIONS OF 2ND GENERATION SYSTEMS 6o Glo$al stan#ar#s
6o co''on fre7"enc! $an#
8o3 infor'ation $it rates
8o3 voice 7"alit!
6o s"ort of Vi#eo
Vario"s cateories of s!ste's to 'eet secific re7"ire'ents
12.4THIRD GENERATION (3 G ) STANDARD International 'o$ile teleco' 2000 i't-2000
IT9s vision for thir# eneration 'o$ile s!ste'
a f"t"re stan#ar# in 3hich a sinle ine:ensive 'o$ile ter'inal can tr"l! rovi#e
co''"nications an! ti'e an# an! 3here
;rovisionin of these services over 3i#e rane of "ser #ensities an# coverae areas(in-
$"il#in < "r$an < s"$-"r$an< lo$al)
=fficient "se of ra#io sectr"' consistent 3ith rovi#in service at acceta$le costl!
4R4RAITT< >a$al"r< Iss"e# in >"ne-200? 1
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IMT-2000 shall cover alication areas resentl! rovi#e# $! seeratel! s!ste's ie
cell"lar< cor#less an# ain etc
A hih #eree of co''onalit! of #esin 3orl#3i#e
A 'o#"lar str"ct"re 3hich 3ill allo3 the s!ste' to ro3 in si@e an# co'le:it!
Sinle "nifie# stan#ar# (#ata & '"lti'e#ia services) An!3here< an!ti'e co''"nication
Across net3ors< across technoloies< sea'less oeration "sin a s'all ocet ter'inal
3orl#3i#e
ih see# access 1++$Bs< .+ $Bs & 2'$Bs fast 3ireless access to internet
"ll 'otion vi#eohone
Terrestrial & satellite co'onents
=nhance# voice 7"alit!< "$i7"ito"s coverae an# ena$le oerators to rovi#e service at
reasona$le cost
Increase# net3or efficienc! an# caacit!
6e3 voice an# #ata services an# caa$ilities
An or#erl! evol"tion ath fro' 2G to .G s!ste's to rotect invest'ents
12.4.1IMT TECHNOLOGIESIT has finall! narro3e# #o3n technolo! otions to the follo3in fiveC
1 IMT -/S (/irect Srea#) C W-D/MA TRA //
2 IMT -MD (M"lti Darrier) C D/MA 2000
. IMT-TD ( Ti'e Do#e) C T/ -SD/MA TRA T//
+ IMT -SD ( Sinle Darrier ) C WD - 1.,
E IMT-T (re7"enc! Ti'e) C /=DT
4R4RAITT< >a$al"r< Iss"e# in >"ne-200? 2
IMT-/S IMT-MD IMT-TD IMT-SD IMT-T
WCDMA CDMA2000
1X/3X
T/MAD/MA /MA
CDMA-TDD UWC-13 FDMA/TDMA
DECT
IMT-2000 TERRESTRIALRADIO INTERFACES
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12.4.2IMT-2000 HARMONI!ATION IS ON-GOINGIMT stan#ar#s #evelo'ent involves e:tensive colla$oration $et3een 'an! #ifferent
orani@ations
To#a!9s oerators nee# sea'less 2G .G
Man! oc"s ro"s have $een esta$lishe# $! in#"str! 2 G oerators GSM F D/G a$al"r< Iss"e# in >"ne-200? .
GSM G#RS EDGE
#DC
C$%&O'(
TDMA
IS-13
TDMA/
G#RS
TDMA/
EDGE
C$%& 2000
W CDMA
IMT-2000
D;A48= SGST=MS
2000 E)OL)ED 2G
4-11" *+,
TODAY 2G
1.2 *+,
3G
11"-34 *+, 0.34-2 M+,
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12.EOLUTION FROM GSM TO 3G
12..1GSM EOLUTION
12.EDGE (ENHANCED DATA FOR GSM EOLUTION) 6e:t ste to3ar#s .G for GSMBG;RS 6et3ors
Increase# #ata rate# " to .+ $s $! $"n#lin " to channels of + $sBchannel
G;RS is $ase# on 'o#"lation techni7"e no3n as GMS
=/G= is $ase# on a ne3 'o#"lation sche'e that allo3s a '"ch hiher $it rate across the
air-interface calle# ;S 'o#"lation
Since ;S 3ill $e "se# for MTS< net3or oerators 3ill $e re7"ire# to intro#"ce this
at so'e stae $efore 'iration to .G
4R4RAITT< >a$al"r< Iss"e# in >"ne-200? +
GSM
2G
HSCSD
G#RS
2."G
EDGE
3G
GPRS
200 KHz carrier
115 Kbps peak data rates
EDGE
200 KHz carrier
Data rates up to 384 Kbps
8-PSK odu!atio"
Hi#$er s%bo! rate
&'(S
5 'Hz carrier
2 'bps peak data rates)e* +'(-2000 2 GHz spectru
GS'
200 KHz carrier
8 ,u!!-rate tie s!ots
1 $a!,-rate tie s!ots
GS' GPRS EDGE &'(S
3G2.5G2G
HS/SD
HS/SD
/ircuit-s*itc$ed data
4 Kbps peak data rates
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12..1GSM TO UMTS
12..2GSM TO G#RS TO EDGE TO 3G GSM can $e "ra#e# for hiher #ata rate "to 11E $s thro"h #elo!in G;RS
(General ;acet Ra#io Service) net3orThis re7"ires a##ition of t3o core 'o#"les
SGS6 (Servin G;RS Service 6o#e)
GGS6 (Gate3a! G;RS Service 6o#e)
GSM ra#io access net3or is connecte# to SGS6 thro"h s"ita$le interfaces
G;RS hase-II 3ill s"ort hiher #ata rates " to .+ $s thro"h incororatin
=/G=
( =nhance# /ata Rate for GSM =vol"tion)
4R4RAITT< >a$al"r< Iss"e# in >"ne-200? E
Software
Upgrade0101001010
S/ &p#rade
New
Software
01010101
00
New Software
01010101
00
New Software0101001010
'S/
PS()
S/
(S
SGS)
E"terprise )et*ork
P)
+P
ackbo"e
GGS)
GPRS
0ackbo"e
)e*
odi,ied
router
)e*
Euipe"t
0S/
)e*
(eri"a!
)e* ce!! sites
i" soe cases
'ode
Poo!
0(S
3G
GGS)
1-/D'6
0S/
3G
SGS)
)e*
Euipe"t
7 So,t*are
1-/D'6
0(S
)e*
(eri"a!
E8o!utio" (o 1-/D'6
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12..3GSM TO 3G "rther< to s"ort #ata rates " to 2 M$s< Thir# Generation ra#io access net3or (.G
RA6)
W-D/MA is #elo!e# .G RA6 is connecte# to GSM MSD for circ"it oriente# services
an# to SGS6 for acet oriente# services (internet access) Therefore the 'iration ath
can $e reresente# as C
GSM G;RS W-D/MA
12.MIGRATION SUMMARI!ED In ter's of 'iration of 'a%or 2G s!ste' to .G caa$ilities< there 3o"l# finall! $e .
'o#es of D/MA-$ase# ra#io interfaces (MD-D/MA< W-D/MA an# D/MA-T//) an#
t3o HT/MA $ase# ra#io interfaces (WD-1., an# /=DT)
Donsi#era$le 3or is $ein carrie# o"t in resect of W-D/MA an# D/MA 2000
3orl#3i#e All ="roean co"ntries are e:ecte# to #elo! W-D/MA as the! have
GSM $ase# net3ors While other co"ntries s"ch as >aan< orea< SA etc are liel! to
"se D/MA-2000 or W-D/MA
12.FUTURE TRENDS (3 G TO 4G ONWARDS) 6e3 #ata services< interactive TV an# evolvin Internet $ehavior 3ill infl"ence
'o$ile #ata "sae 8on sessions in al3a!s-on 'o#e 3ill force a re-thin of ra#io access
technolo! to achieve the re7"ire# $"t not eas! to attain caacit! (G$itBsB') at lo3 cost
The i#eas resente# in this article can increase caacit! $! a factor of E00 3ith rear# to
e:ecte# cell"lar #elo!'ents Doverae 3ill $e $ase# on lare "'$rella cells (.G< WiMA)
an# n"'ero"s ;ico cells interconnecte# to rovi#e the "ser 3ith sea'less hih #ata rate
4R4RAITT< >a$al"r< Iss"e# in >"ne-200? ,
GS''S/
PS()9
+SD)GS'
(S
GS'
S/
PD)9e.#. +"ter"et
GPRS
/ore
GPRS
/ore
Gb
+"te#rated
&'(S /ore
+"te#rated
&'(S /ore
&'(S
(S
&'(S
S/
UMTS Access Network
+u-r
Gs
+u
+ubis
:t$er
P;')GS' E!ee"ts
&'(S E!ee"ts
Serice
/reatio"%&'7 '$
sin O/M< it is ossi$le to e:loit the ti'e #o'ain< the sace #o'ain< the
fre7"enc! #o'ain an# even the co#e #o'ain to oti'i@e ra#io channel "sae It ens"res ver!
ro$"st trans'ission in '"lti-ath environ'ents 3ith re#"ce# receiver co'-le:it! As sho3n
in Figure E< the sinal is slit into orthoonal s"$ carriers< on each of 3hich the sinal isJnarro3 $an#K (a fe3 @) an# therefore i''"ne to '"lti-ath effects< rovi#e# a "ar#interval is inserte# $et3een each O/M s!'$ol O/M also rovi#es a fre7"enc! #iversit!
ain< i'rovin the h!sical la!er erfor'ance It is also co'ati$le 3ith other enhance'ent
technoloies< s"ch as s'art antennas an# MIMO O/M 'o#"lation can also $e e'lo!e#
as a '"ltile access technolo! (Orthoonal re7"enc! /ivision M"ltile AccessF O/MA)
In this case< each O/M s!'$ol can trans'it infor'ation toBfro' several "sers "sin a
#ifferent set of s"$carriers (s"$channels) This not onl! rovi#es a##itional fle:i$ilit! for
reso"rce allocation (increasin the caacit!)< $"t also ena$les cross-la!er oti'i@ation of
ra#io lin "sae
4R4RAITT< >a$al"r< Iss"e# in >"ne-200? 10
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12.11.2 S>?& D>'$ R&$ Soft3are /efine# Ra#io (S/R) $enefits fro' to#a!9s hih rocessin o3er to
#evelo '"lti-$an#< '"lti-stan#ar# $ase stations an# ter'inals Altho"h in f"t"re the
ter'inals 3ill a#at the air interface to the availa$le ra#io access technolo!< at resent this is
#one $! the infra-str"ct"re Several infrastr"ct"re ains are e:ecte# fro' S/R or e:a'lea$al"r< Iss"e# in >"ne-200? 11
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12.11. I'5&a$al"r< Iss"e# in >"ne-200? 12
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the net-3or An e:a'le is sho3n in Figure 8. At the entrance of the access net3or< linesof cache at the #estination of a ter'inal are $"ilt an# store# When a ter'inal enters an area
in 3hich a transfer is ossi$le< it si'l! ass for the line of cache follo3in the last receive#
4et3een the ter'inal an# the cache A si'le< ro$"st an# relia$le rotocol is "se# $et3een
the ter'inal an# the cache for ever! service #elivere# in this t!e of coverae
12.11. M95%$& S87 D58
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ain a$o"t 10 #4 in trans'ission 3ith a reasona$le increase in co'le:it! sin the
#escri$e# technoloies< '"lti'e#ia trans'ission can rovi#e a oo# 7"alit! "ser e:erience
12.11.10 C8&; Doverae is achieve# $! a##in ne3 technoloies (ossi$l! in overla! 'o#e) an#
roressivel! enhancin #ensit! Tae a WiMA #elo!'ent< for e:a'leC first the arentcoverae is #elo!e#F it is then 'a#e #enser $! a##in #iscontin"o"s ;ico cells< after 3hich
the ;ico cell is 'a#e #enser $"t still #iscontin"o"sl! inall! the ico cell cover-ae is 'a#e
contin"o"s either $! "sin MIMO or $! #elo!in another ;ico cell coverae in a #ifferent
fre7"enc! $an# ;arent coverae erfor'ance 'a! var! fro' 1 to 20 $itBsB@B'5< 3hile
;ico cell technolo! can achieve fro' 100 to E00 $itBsB@B'5< #een#in on the co'le:it!
of the ter'inal har#3are an# soft3are These erfor'ances onl! refer to o"t#oor coveraeF
not all the iss"es associate# 3ith in#oor coverae have !et $een resolve# o3ever< in#oor
coverae can $e o$taine# $!C
Direct penetrationF this is onl! ossi$le in lo3 fre7"enc! $an#s (sinificantl! $elo3 1G@) an# re7"ires an e:cess of o3er< 3hich 'a! raise sinificant interference iss"es
Indoor short range radio connecte# to the fi:e# net3or Connection via a relay to a ;ico cell"lar access oint
12.11.11 I';&' ' & B&$+&'$ NGNThe foc"s is no3 on #elo!in an architect"re reali@in converence $et3een the fi:e# an#
'o$ile net3ors (IT-T 4roa#-$an# 6G6 an# =TSI- TIS;A6) This eneric architect"re
interates all service ena$lers (e IMS< net3or selection< 'i##le 3are for alications
rovi#ers)< an# offers a "ni7"e inter-face to alication service rovi#ers
12.12 C'759'The rovision of 'ea$itBs #ata rates to tho"san#s of ra#io an# 'o$ile ter'inals er s7"are
ilo'eter resents several challenes So'e e! technoloies er'it the roressive
intro#"ction of s"ch net3ors 3itho"t %eoar#i@in e:istin invest'ent /isr"tivetechnoloies are nee#e# to achieve hih caacit! at lo3 cost< $"t it can still $e #one in a
roressive 'anner The e! ena$lers areC
S"fficient sectr"'< 3ith associate# sharin 'echanis's
Doverae 3ith t3o technoloiesC arent (2G< .G< WiMA) for real-ti'e #eliver!
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