guangliang liu, yong cai, ping jiang, wenbin cui · geer 2015, apr 21-23, 2015, 7 coral springs,...

Guangliang Liu, Yong Cai, Ping Jiang, Wenbin CuiFlorida International University

Peter Kalla, Daniel ScheidtUS EPA Region 4

GEER 2015, Apr 21-23, 2015, Coral Springs, FL,USA

1

GEER 2015, Apr 21-23, 2015, Coral Springs, FL,USA

2

Hg contamination in the Everglades

Hg

GEER 2015, Apr 21-23, 2015, Coral Springs, FL,USA

3

Mercury Cycling in the Florida Everglades

Ecosystem-wide Study

Simplified Model

4GEER 2015, Apr 21-23, 2015, Coral Springs, FL,USA

Water

Floc Periphyton

Soil

Macrophyte

Fish

Hg Mass Storage

Hg Distribution

Probability Sampling Design

Regional Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (R-EMAP)

Phase III:2005

Phase IV:2013-2014

Ecosystem-wide Sampling

-81 -80.8 -80.6 -80.4Longitude, decimal degrees

25.4

25.6

25.8

26

26.2

26.4

26.6

Latit

ude,

dec

imal

deg

rees

WC

A 3

WCA 2

WCA 1

EN

P

5GEER 2015, Apr 21-23, 2015, Coral Springs, FL,USA

(Scheidt and Kalla, 2007; Stober et al. 2001)

Hg Mass Storage Calculations

6

1

1 10)1(

A

BDdC

M n

i i

n

i i

iSDiSDiTHgSD

THgSD

Soil:

THg mass

THgconcentration Soil mass

Inclusion probability

6GEER 2015, Apr 21-23, 2015, Coral Springs, FL,USA

Horvitz-Thompson Theorem

(Horvitz and Thompson 1952; Stober et al. 2001; Liu et al., 2011)

3

1

1 10)1(

A

dC

M n

i i

n

i i

iSWiTHgSW

THgSW

6

1

1 10)1(

A

BDdC

M n

i i

n

i i

iFCiFCiTHgFC

THgFC

A

BMC

M n

i i

n

i i

iPEiTHgPE

THgPE

1

1

)1(

A

BMWC

M n

i i

n

i i

iFSiFSiTHgFS

THgFS

1

1

)1(

Water:

Floc:

Periphyton:

Fish:

A

BMC

M n

i i

n

i i

iPEiTHgPE

THgPE

1

1

)1(

Macrophyte:

7GEER 2015, Apr 21-23, 2015, Coral Springs, FL,USA

Hg Mass Storage Calculations

EPA Everglades R-EMAP USGS ACME SFWMD DBHRDRO Others

Databases

8GEER 2015, Apr 21-23, 2015, Coral Springs, FL,USA

(Gaff et al., 2004; Gaiser, 2008; Gilmour et al., 2006; McCormick et al., 1998)

(Liu et al., 2011)

THg (kg)

MeHg (kg)

Hg mass storage in the Everglades

GEER 2015, Apr 21-23, 2015, Coral Springs, FL,USA

9

2005

THg (kg)

MeHg (kg)

Hg mass storage in the Everglades

GEER 2015, Apr 21-23, 2015, Coral Springs, FL,USA

10

2014

Hg distribution in ecosystem components

2005

11GEER 2015, Apr 21-23, 2015, Coral Springs, FL,USA

92.4

0.07

6.52

0.30

0.01

0.67

Soil

Water

Floc

Periphyton

Fish

Macrophyte67.5

1.1

19.0

4.2

1.8

6.3

Soil

Water

Floc

Periphyton

Fish

Macrophyte

THg (%)

MeHg (%)

Hg distribution in ecosystem components

2014

12GEER 2015, Apr 21-23, 2015, Coral Springs, FL,USA

THg (%)

MeHg (%)

88.3

0.04

10.8

0.25

0.01

0.69

Soil

Water

Floc

Periphyton

Fish

Macrophyte 66.0

0.2

28.5

2.1

0.4

2.8

Soil

Water

Floc

Periphyton

Fish

Macrophyte

Hg distribution in ecosystem components

Spatial differences

13GEER 2015, Apr 21-23, 2015, Coral Springs, FL,USA

MeHg (%)

MeHg (%)

74.7

1.2

16.8

1.6

0.6

5.2

Soil

Water

Floc

Periphyton

Fish

Macrophyte 65.4

0.1

30.2

3.0

0.2

1.0

Soil

Water

Floc

Periphyton

Fish

Macrophyte

WCA2

ENP

Summary

THg mass: Soil (and floc)

MeHg mass: Soil, floc, macrophyte, and periphyton

Hg storage: More complete mass budget of Hg;Hg distribution: Implication on Hg cycling and accumulation

14GEER 2015, Apr 21-23, 2015, Coral Springs, FL,USA

Acknowledgements

EPA Office of Research and Development EPA Region 4 National Park Service Army Corps of Engineers Florida Department of Environmental

Protection

15GEER 2015, Apr 21-23, 2015, Coral Springs, FL,USA