hardware evolution in the datacenter rick indyke amd business development mgr
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Hardware Evolution in the DatacenterHardware Evolution in the Datacenter Rick IndykeRick Indyke
AMD Business Development MgrAMD Business Development Mgr
2
IT Market Trends:Evolution of the Data Center
Power and Cooling– High energy costs
– Partially populated racks
– Migration to dense form factors
Compute Density– Weak performance scaling with additional processors
– Low Server utilization / inefficient data center floor space usage
– Grid/distributed computing
Dynamic Datacenters– Provisioning on demand
– Dynamic work load allocation
Management Costs– Increasing percentage of TCO
3
Did you know?
The combined total of data centers in California are estimated to require 250MW – 375MW of energy. That’s equivalent to 3,495 – 5,242 barrels of oil a day!
4
Effects of Power in the Data CenterIt adds up quick!
More High-Voltage switchEquipment Requirements
$$$
More High-Capacity CRAC units (air-conditioners)
$$$
Lower Density/ Unusable Floor Space
$$$
Data Center Expansion$$$
More UPS equipment requirements
$$$
More Back-up Power Generator
Requirements$$$
5
Direct Connect Architecture
Enables better overall system performance because everything is directly connected
Processors
Cache
Integrated Memory Controller
System Request Interface
Crossbar
HyperTransport™ Technology
6
Legacy x86 Architecture• 20-year old front-side bus architecture• CPUs, memory, I/O all share a bus• Traditional front-side bus creates bottleneck
to performance
AMD64 Technology with Direct Connect Architecture
• Industry-standard AMD64 technology• AMD’s revolutionary Direct Connect
Architecture reduces bottlenecks inherent in traditional FSB architectures
• HyperTransport™ technology interconnect for high bandwidth and low latency
Direct Connect Architecture Reduces architectural bottlenecks - 2P system comparison
USBUSB
PCIPCI
8 GB/S
8 GB/S 8 GB/S
I/O HubI/O Hub
PCI-E Bridge
PCI-E Bridge
PCI-E Bridge
PCI-E Bridge
SRQ
Crossbar
HTMem.Ctrlr
SRQ
Crossbar
HTMem.Ctrlr
I/O HubI/O Hub
CPUCPU CPUCPU
I/O HubI/O Hub
PCI-E Bridge
PCI-E BridgePCI-E Bridge
PCI-E Bridge
PCI-E Bridge
PCI-E Bridge
Dual-Core Dual-Core
Memory Controller
Hub
Memory Controller
Hub
CORE CORECORE CORE Dual-CoreDual-Core8 GB/S
7
Legacy x86 Architecture• 20-year old front-side bus architecture• CPUs, memory, I/O all share a bus• Traditional front-side bus creates bottleneck
to performance
AMD64 Technology with Direct Connect Architecture
• Industry-standard AMD64 technology• AMD’s revolutionary Direct Connect
Architecture reduces bottlenecks inherent in traditional FSB architectures
• HyperTransport™ technology interconnectfor high bandwidth and low latency
Direct Connect Architecture Balanced platform bandwidth – 4P system comparison
USBUSB
PCIPCI
8 GB/S
8 GB/S
8 GB/S 8 GB/S
I/O HubI/O Hub
PCI-E Bridge
PCI-E Bridge
PCI-E Bridge
PCI-E Bridge
SRQ
Crossbar
HTMem.Ctrlr
SRQ
Crossbar
HTMem.Ctrlr
SRQ
Crossbar
HTMem.Ctrlr
SRQ
Crossbar
HTMem.Ctrlr
I/O HubI/O Hub
PCI-E Bridge
PCI-E BridgePCI-E Bridge
PCI-E BridgePCI-E Bridge
PCI-E Bridge
USBUSB
PCIPCII/O HubI/O Hub
Memory Controller
Hub
Memory Controller
Hub
CORE CORE CORE CORECORE CORE CORE CORE
XMBXMBXMBXMB XMBXMB XMBXMB
8
Quad-Core AMD Opteron™ Processors
More than just four cores Significant CPU Core Enhancements Significant Cache Enhancements
World-class performance Native Quad-Core
– Faster data sharing between cores Enhanced AMD-V™
– Nested paging acceleration for virtual environments
Reducing total cost of ownership Performance/Watt leadership
– Consistent 95W thermal design point– Low power 68W solutions
Drop-in upgrade– Socket F compatibility – BIOS upgrade– Leverage existing platform infrastructure
Common Core Architecture– One core technology top-to-bottom– Top-to-bottom platform feature consistency
9
Native Quad-Core Benefit:Faster Data Sharing
Core 1
L2System Request Queue
Crossbar
Hyper Transport™ Memory Controller
Native Quad-Core AMD Opteron™
L3
Core 2 Core 3 Core 4
1. Core 1 probes Core 3 cache, data is copied directly back to Core 1
100011
L2 L2 L2
Situation: Core 1 needs data in Core 3 cache … How Does it Get There?
1. Core 1 sends a request to the memory controller, which probes Core 3 cache
2. Core 3 sends data back to the memory controller, which forwards it to Core 1
Quad-Core Clovertown
Core 1 Core 2 Core 3 Core 4
L2 L2
Front-Side Bus Front-Side Bus
Memory Controller
Northbridge
100011
Result: Improved Quad-Core Performance
Result: Reduced Quad-Core Performance
This happens at processor frequency This happens at front-side bus frequency
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Barcelona … Not Just Four CoresComprehensive 128-bit SSE Upgrades
Goal: Balanced SSE Execution
Instruction Fetch Bandwidth
Data Cache Bandwidth
L2/NB Bandwidth
64-bitPlatforms
AMDBarcelona
IntelClovertown
1x
1x
1x
1x
1x
1x
2x
2x
2x
2x
2x
2x
• Barcelona doubles Instruction and Data delivery … Intel’s pipeline doesn’t•Helps keep our 128-bit SSE pipeline full for optimal performance
• Dedicated 36-entry floating-point scheduler helps reduce application latency •Intel’s 32-entry scheduler is shared between floating-point and integer operations
• Over 80% performance boost, per core, on target applications!
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190W
35W
180W
266W
190W
22W
22W
22W
83W
83W
35W
290W
83W
Quad-Core
Quad-CoreXeon
‘Dempsey’
Xeon‘Wood-Crest’’
Xeon‘Clover-Town’’
Rev F
Next-Generation Power Comparison
In 2006 Next-Generation AMD Opteron™ Defined
A New Standard In Performance-Per-Watt
With Energy-Efficient DDR2 Memory and Improved
AMD PowerNow!™ Capabilities
In mid-2007 We Plan to Offer Quad-Core AMD Opteron
in the Same DDR2-based Platforms at the Same
Power Efficiency
Wattage based on 2P systems with 8 DIMMs at max CPU wattage; Wattage for ‘Dempsey’, ‘Woodcrest’ and ‘Clovertown’ is estimated based on currently publicly available values (see, eg: http://www.reghardware.co.uk/2006/05/25/intel_clovertown_power_specs/) and is subject to change. The examples contained herein are intended for informational purposes only. Other factors will affect real-world power consumption.
Dual-Core
WattsFrom:
Memory
CPU
Northbridge
12
234 231
141 141
245257
311325
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Intel Xeon 5160 basedsystem (2x3.0GHz, 8x1GB)
Intel Xeon 5150 basedsystem
(2x2.66GHz,8x1GB)
AMD Opteron™ 2218processor-based system
(2x2.6GHz,8x1GB)
AMD Opteron™ 2218 HEprcoessor-based system
(2x2.8GHz,8x1GB)
An Actual View of PowerIdle & Load Measured at the Cord
IDLE
LOAD
80WTDP
65WTDP
95WTDP
AMD measured results show the AMD Opteron™ processor-based system consumes less power even though processor TDP power is higher!
Underlying processor architectures can affect overall platform power consumption
Energy estimates include power input & cooling at 60%, Power Utility cost: $0.10/KW-hr, based on publicly available processor & chipset specifications and AMD internal estimates. The examples contained herein are intended for informational purposes only, actual results will vary. Other factors will affect real-world power consumption and cost. The system load used was a representative build of SPECint_base2000 for that system. Any SPEC performance metrics referenced are estimates.
$456 per/year$227,760 per/year
$360 per/year $180,106 per/year
$436 per/year$217,949 per/year
26%More
21%More
66%More
64%More
AMD PowerNow!™ technology enables lower power consumption during non-peak workloads, up to 75% savings at IDLE.
IDLE
LOAD
IDLE
LOAD
IDLE
LOAD
68WTDP
$343 per/year (1 server)$171,696 per/year (500 servers)
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Improving Processor Power Managementwith Enhanced AMD PowerNow!™ Technology
“GOOD” “GREAT”
IDLE MHz
75%
IDLE MHzCORE 0 CORE 1
35%
IDLE MHz
10%
IDLE MHzCORE 2 CORE 3
1%
IDLE MHz
75%
IDLE MHz
CORE 0 CORE 1
MHz is locked to highest utilized core’s p-state
MHz is independently adjusted separately per core
according to utilization.
‘‘Opteron (Rev F)’Opteron (Rev F)’ ‘‘Barcelona’Barcelona’
Native Quad-Core technology enables enhanced power Native Quad-Core technology enables enhanced power management across all four coresmanagement across all four cores
35%
14
AMD Opteron™ ProcessorSummary
Evolving Direct Connect Architecture
– For continued winning in the enterprise
– Torrenza for Application Acceleration
Advancing Performance-per-Watt leadership
– Low-power, high-performing DDR2 memory
– Consistent 95W standard power roadmap
Reducing Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
– One transition to your next stable platform
– Seamless Dual-Core to Quad-Core upgrade in same 95W infrastructure
Extending our Lead in x86 Virtualization
– Founded on Direct Connect Architecture
– AMD Virtualization improves business functionality and flexibility
15
The Smarter Choice for IT
x64
AMD64Direct ConnectArchitectureAMD Opteron
AMD Athlon™ 64
Native Dual-CoreAMD Turion™ 64
Performance Per/watt
Virtualization
Native Quad-CoreAccelerated computing
(Torrenza & Stream)
“Trinity”“Raiden”
Integrated Memory
ControllerHT
“Fusion”
In 1999, AMD introduced a long-term solution that customers could grow with.
In 2003, AMD permanently changed the IT landscape with the intro of the AMD Opteron™ processor.
In 2005, AMD showed the industry how to make the transition from single-core to native dual-core.
In 2007, the launch of ‘Barcelona’ will have an even greater impact…
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Disclaimer and Trademark Attribution
DISCLAIMER
The information contained herein is subject to change and may be rendered inaccurate for many reasons, including, but not limited to product and roadmap changes, component and motherboard version changes, new model and/or product releases, product differences between differing manufacturers, software changes, BIOS flashes, firmware upgrades, or the like. AMD assumes no obligation to update or otherwise correct or revise this information. However, AMD reserves the right to revise this information and to make changes from time to time to the content hereof without obligation of AMD to notify any person of such revisions or changes.
AMD MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE CONTENTS HEREOF AND ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY INACCURACIES, ERRORS OR OMISSIONS THAT MAY APPEAR IN THIS INFORMATION.
AMD SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT WILL AMD BE LIABLE TO ANY PERSON FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL OR OTHER CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING FROM THE USE OF ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN OR FOR THE PERFORMANCE OR OPERATION OF ANY PERSON, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY LOST PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, DAMAGE TO OR DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY, OR LOSS OF PROGRAMS OR OTHER DATA, EVEN IF AMD IS EXPRESSLY ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
© 2006 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. AMD, the AMD Arrow logo, AMD Opteron, and combinations thereof, are trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. WebBench and NetBench are trademarks of Ziff Davis Publishing Holdings Inc., an affiliate of Veritest Inc. Other product and company names are for informational purposes only and may be trademarks of their respective companies.
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