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Harmonizing People and Nature

~ A New Business Model

Photo ~ Tokai no Inaka Gretchen C. Daily

1. Provisioning Services

Seafood Crops & Livestock Forest Products

2. Regulating Services

Climate Stabilization Water Supply Fire Prevention Flood Control Sedimentation

Control Pest Control Pollination

3. Cultural Services

Spiritual Values Inspiration

Aesthetic Values Knowledge Systems

Educational Values Sense of Place

Recreation Ecotourism

4. Supporting Services & Preservation of Options

Primary Production

Biodiversity Resilience

Decisions

Ecosystems

Services Value

Institutions

Decisions

Ecosystems

Services Value

Institutions

Biophysical Models

Economic & Cultural Models

Incentives

Information

Actions & Scenarios

Three Stories

1. Beyond Reserves

2. Beyond Biodiversity

3. Beyond Charity

Decisions

Ecosystems

Services Value

Institutions

First Story: Beyond Reserves

Biodiversity in Countryside

Bio

div

ersi

ty

Land Use Intensity

Bio

div

ersi

ty

Land Use Intensity

Biodiversity in Countryside

Biodiversity in Costa Rican Countryside

Short-term Outlook: Good

Bio

div

ersi

ty

Land Use Intensity

Malabar Coast

Work led by Dr. Jai Ranganathan

Long-term Outlook?

Shrub Cashew

Shrub Cashew

Production Forest Forest

Shrub Cashew

Forest

Arecanut

Production Forest

Arecanut

Sp

ecie

s R

ichnes

s

Sp

ecie

s R

ichnes

s

All Birds Forest Birds

Malabar Grey Hornbill Photo: M.S. Ashok

Great Hornbill Photo: D. Behrens

Countries with Significant Arecanut Cultivation

What is the long-term trend for biodiversity in countryside?

High potential conservation value

in widespread production systems

Critical window of opportunity

What is the long-term trend for biodiversity in countryside?

Three Stories

1. Beyond Reserves

2. Beyond Biodiversity

3. Beyond Charity

Decisions

Ecosystems

Services Value

Institutions

Second Story: Beyond Biodiversity

The value of biodiversity?

Pollination Services - to natural populations

• 60-70% of flowering

plant species require it

• Plant populations often

limited reproductively by

lack of pollinators

(45% of natural populations

studied; Burd 1994).

• 15-30% of food

production

depends on

animal pollinators

• Of 1300 crops

worldwide, 70%

require animal

pollinators for one

or more cultivars

(Roubik 1995)

Pollination Services - to crops

Crop pollination • Honeybee declines worldwide

• Can wild bees to do the job?

• Value of their habitats?

coffee

tomato

apple

Coffee for Conservation?

Can we measure the

benefits to farmers?

Do forest pollinators

benefit nearby coffee?

Pollination vs Distance from Forest

Near Medium Far

Distance

Near Medium Far

Distance

Cu

mu

lati

ve

rich

nes

s

Ab

un

dan

ce

(in

div

/sam

ple

) P

oll

en g

rain

s /

stig

ma

Vis

its/

10

0fl

/20

min

0.1 km 0.7 km 1.6 km 0.1 km 0.7 km 1.6 km

(Ricketts 2004

Cons Biol)

Value of rainforest to farmers?

Coffee near forest:

• more diverse bees

• more pollination

• 20% higher yields

Value of forest:

$60,000/year to 1 farm

$ $

(Ricketts et al. 2004 PNAS)

The value of biodiversity?

Valuing ecosystem services

? ? ? ?

? ?

Valuing Ecosystem Services

Global

Synthetic

Value of rainforest:

US$ 60,000/year

to 1 farm (Ricketts et al. 2004 PNAS)

$ $

Local

Specific

Valuing Ecosystem Services

Local

Specific

Global

Synthetic

Value of rainforest:

US$ 60,000/year

to 1 farm (Ricketts et al. 2004 PNAS)

$ $

Valuing Ecosystem Services

The Natural Capital Project

1. Science → new tools

2. Demonstration in sites globally

3. Magnifying the impact

InVEST

Integrated Valuation of

Ecosystem Services & Tradeoffs

Scenario Tool

How will ecosystem service values change…

With climate change?

With population growth?

With a new policy or program?

How would restoration affect

agricultural income

drinking water quality

erosion control

carbon sequestration

& biodiversity?

InVEST 1.0 can map & value

Biodiversity

Crop pollination

Carbon sequestration & storage

Water pollution regulation

Managed timber production

Avoided reservoir sedimentation

And also…

Irrigation

Flood mitigation

Agricultural production

Hydropower production

Open access products

Tourism & recreation

Fisheries, Aquaculture

Coastal Protection

Recreation & Tourism

Wave Energy Siting

Marine InVEST

Data inputs on natural capital

Land Use Soil type Topography

Data inputs on built capital

Roads Cities Infrastructure

Outputs of ecosystem service levels

supplied and demanded

Download InVEST at

http://invest.ecoinformatics.org

Kareiva, Ricketts, Daily, Tallis, & Polasky, Eds. 2010. The Theory &

Practice of Ecosystem Service Valuation in Conservation. OUP.

Three Stories

1. Beyond Reserves

2. Beyond Biodiversity

3. Beyond Charity

Decisions

Ecosystems

Services Value

Institutions

Last Story: Beyond Charity

China

Tanzania

West Coast

Hawai’i

Amazon

Basin

Mexico Colombia

Ecuador

The Natural Capital Project

Indonesia

Uganda Belize

China

1.InVEST Development

2.InVEST in Master Planning

3.Policy Evaluation

Land Use Decisions in China

Baoxing County

Hainan Island

China

Upper Yangtze River Basin

Baoxing County

chinese monal

Red panda

Giant panda

Baoxing EFCA Mapping with InVEST

PRODUCTION:

-Water Retention

- Soil Retention

- Carbon Storage

- Biodiversity

DEMAND:

Hydropower

Flood Mitigation

Irrigation

Agriculture, Mining

Draft EFCA Map

Water

Retention

Soil

Retention

Carbon

Storage

Bio-

diversity

Upper Yangtze EFCA Mapping with InVEST

Policy Evaluation Program success?

For people & nature

Colombia

Ecuador

Replicate & scale water funds

1. New finance & policy mechanisms

2. Targeting of activities

Water Funds in L. America

$$

Water Funds

Colombia

1.Target resource use & conservation

2.New offset & mitigation policies

Resource Licensing

Colombia

mining

agriculture

transportation

and other major sectors.

Looking ahead…

Food Security & Health

Poverty Alleviation

Engaging Leaders

Thank you