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TRANSCRIPT
Harmonizing People and Nature
~ A New Business Model
Photo ~ Tokai no Inaka Gretchen C. Daily
1. Provisioning Services
Seafood Crops & Livestock Forest Products
2. Regulating Services
Climate Stabilization Water Supply Fire Prevention Flood Control Sedimentation
Control Pest Control Pollination
3. Cultural Services
Spiritual Values Inspiration
Aesthetic Values Knowledge Systems
Educational Values Sense of Place
Recreation Ecotourism
4. Supporting Services & Preservation of Options
Primary Production
Biodiversity Resilience
Decisions
Ecosystems
Services Value
Institutions
Decisions
Ecosystems
Services Value
Institutions
Biophysical Models
Economic & Cultural Models
Incentives
Information
Actions & Scenarios
Three Stories
1. Beyond Reserves
2. Beyond Biodiversity
3. Beyond Charity
Decisions
Ecosystems
Services Value
Institutions
First Story: Beyond Reserves
Biodiversity in Countryside
Bio
div
ersi
ty
Land Use Intensity
Bio
div
ersi
ty
Land Use Intensity
Biodiversity in Countryside
Biodiversity in Costa Rican Countryside
Short-term Outlook: Good
Bio
div
ersi
ty
Land Use Intensity
Malabar Coast
Work led by Dr. Jai Ranganathan
Long-term Outlook?
Shrub Cashew
Shrub Cashew
Production Forest Forest
Shrub Cashew
Forest
Arecanut
Production Forest
Arecanut
Sp
ecie
s R
ichnes
s
Sp
ecie
s R
ichnes
s
All Birds Forest Birds
Malabar Grey Hornbill Photo: M.S. Ashok
Great Hornbill Photo: D. Behrens
Countries with Significant Arecanut Cultivation
What is the long-term trend for biodiversity in countryside?
High potential conservation value
in widespread production systems
Critical window of opportunity
What is the long-term trend for biodiversity in countryside?
Three Stories
1. Beyond Reserves
2. Beyond Biodiversity
3. Beyond Charity
Decisions
Ecosystems
Services Value
Institutions
Second Story: Beyond Biodiversity
The value of biodiversity?
Pollination Services - to natural populations
• 60-70% of flowering
plant species require it
• Plant populations often
limited reproductively by
lack of pollinators
(45% of natural populations
studied; Burd 1994).
• 15-30% of food
production
depends on
animal pollinators
• Of 1300 crops
worldwide, 70%
require animal
pollinators for one
or more cultivars
(Roubik 1995)
Pollination Services - to crops
Crop pollination • Honeybee declines worldwide
• Can wild bees to do the job?
• Value of their habitats?
coffee
tomato
apple
Coffee for Conservation?
Can we measure the
benefits to farmers?
Do forest pollinators
benefit nearby coffee?
Pollination vs Distance from Forest
Near Medium Far
Distance
Near Medium Far
Distance
Cu
mu
lati
ve
rich
nes
s
Ab
un
dan
ce
(in
div
/sam
ple
) P
oll
en g
rain
s /
stig
ma
Vis
its/
10
0fl
/20
min
0.1 km 0.7 km 1.6 km 0.1 km 0.7 km 1.6 km
(Ricketts 2004
Cons Biol)
Value of rainforest to farmers?
Coffee near forest:
• more diverse bees
• more pollination
• 20% higher yields
Value of forest:
$60,000/year to 1 farm
$ $
(Ricketts et al. 2004 PNAS)
The value of biodiversity?
Valuing ecosystem services
? ? ? ?
? ?
Valuing Ecosystem Services
Global
Synthetic
Value of rainforest:
US$ 60,000/year
to 1 farm (Ricketts et al. 2004 PNAS)
$ $
Local
Specific
Valuing Ecosystem Services
Local
Specific
Global
Synthetic
Value of rainforest:
US$ 60,000/year
to 1 farm (Ricketts et al. 2004 PNAS)
$ $
Valuing Ecosystem Services
The Natural Capital Project
1. Science → new tools
2. Demonstration in sites globally
3. Magnifying the impact
InVEST
Integrated Valuation of
Ecosystem Services & Tradeoffs
Scenario Tool
How will ecosystem service values change…
With climate change?
With population growth?
With a new policy or program?
How would restoration affect
agricultural income
drinking water quality
erosion control
carbon sequestration
& biodiversity?
InVEST 1.0 can map & value
Biodiversity
Crop pollination
Carbon sequestration & storage
Water pollution regulation
Managed timber production
Avoided reservoir sedimentation
And also…
Irrigation
Flood mitigation
Agricultural production
Hydropower production
Open access products
Tourism & recreation
Fisheries, Aquaculture
Coastal Protection
Recreation & Tourism
Wave Energy Siting
Marine InVEST
Data inputs on natural capital
Land Use Soil type Topography
Data inputs on built capital
Roads Cities Infrastructure
Outputs of ecosystem service levels
supplied and demanded
Download InVEST at
http://invest.ecoinformatics.org
Kareiva, Ricketts, Daily, Tallis, & Polasky, Eds. 2010. The Theory &
Practice of Ecosystem Service Valuation in Conservation. OUP.
Three Stories
1. Beyond Reserves
2. Beyond Biodiversity
3. Beyond Charity
Decisions
Ecosystems
Services Value
Institutions
Last Story: Beyond Charity
China
Tanzania
West Coast
Hawai’i
Amazon
Basin
Mexico Colombia
Ecuador
The Natural Capital Project
Indonesia
Uganda Belize
China
1.InVEST Development
2.InVEST in Master Planning
3.Policy Evaluation
Land Use Decisions in China
Baoxing County
Hainan Island
China
Upper Yangtze River Basin
Baoxing County
chinese monal
Red panda
Giant panda
Baoxing EFCA Mapping with InVEST
PRODUCTION:
-Water Retention
- Soil Retention
- Carbon Storage
- Biodiversity
DEMAND:
Hydropower
Flood Mitigation
Irrigation
Agriculture, Mining
Draft EFCA Map
Water
Retention
Soil
Retention
Carbon
Storage
Bio-
diversity
Upper Yangtze EFCA Mapping with InVEST
Policy Evaluation Program success?
For people & nature
Colombia
Ecuador
Replicate & scale water funds
1. New finance & policy mechanisms
2. Targeting of activities
Water Funds in L. America
$$
Water Funds
Colombia
1.Target resource use & conservation
2.New offset & mitigation policies
Resource Licensing
Colombia
mining
agriculture
transportation
and other major sectors.
Looking ahead…
Food Security & Health
Poverty Alleviation
Engaging Leaders
Thank you